Astronomy:List of nearest giant stars

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This is a list of the nearest giant stars (luminosity class III or II) to the Earth, located at a distance of up to 100 light-years (31 pc).

List

Name Distance (ly) Spectral type Stellar radius (R) Stellar mass (M) Apparent magnitude (V) Notes
Pollux 33.78±0.09[1] K0 III[2] 09600 9.06 ± 0.03

[3]

1910 1.91 ± 0.09
[3]
1.14[4] 17th brightest star in the night sky. Also the nearest red-giant branch star.
Arcturus 36.7±0.2[1] K1.5 III Fe−0.5[5] 25400 25.4 ± 0.2
[6]
1080 1.08 ± 0.06
[6]
-0.05[4] Fourth-brightest star in the night sky, and the nearest red giant (red-giant branch) to the Earth.
Delta Capricorni Aa (Deneb Algedi) 38.69[7][lower-alpha 1] A7m III[8] 01910 1.91

[9]

2000 2

[9]

2.91[8] The nearest white giant.
Capella Aa 42.919±0.049[10] K0III[11] 11980 11.98 ± 0.57

[10]

2569 2.5687

[10]

0.03[12] The nearest red clump star. With a magnitude of 0.08,[13] the Capella star system is the 6th-brightest star in the night sky.
Capella Ab G1III[14] 08330 8.83 ± 0.33

[10]

2482 2.4828

[10]

0.16[12] The nearest yellow giant.
Gamma Cephei A (Errai) 44.96[15][lower-alpha 2] K1III-IVCN1[15] 04930 4.93 ± 0.04

[3]

1294 1.294 ± 0.081

[16]

3.21[17]
Beta Cassiopeiae (Caph) 54.7±0.3[1] F2 III[18] 03690 3.69 × 3.43

[19]

1910 1.91 ± 0.02

[19]

2.28 (2.25–2.31)[20] The nearest F-type giant.
Theta Centauri (Menkent) 58.8±0.2[1] K0 III[21] 10600 10.6

[lower-alpha 3]

1270 1.27

[23]

2.06[24]
Eta Serpentis 60.5±0.2[1] K0III-IV[25] 05897 5.897 ± 0.028

[26]

2000 2

[27]

3.26[28]
Alpha Trianguli (Mothallah) 63.3±0.3[1] F5III[29] 03220 3.22

[30]

1700 1.7

[30]

3.42[24]
Rho Puppis (Tureis) 63.5±0.2[1] F5IIkF2IImF5II[31] 03410 3.41

[32]

1850 1.85

[33]

2.78[34] (2.68 – 2.87)[35] The nearest bright giant.
Epsilon Scorpii (Larawag) 63.7±0.3[1] K1 III[36] 12600 12.6

[lower-alpha 4]

1240 1.24

[37]

2.31[38] (2.24 – 2.35)[39]
Nu2 Canis Majoris 64.4±0.3[40] K1.5III-IVFe1[41] 04900 4.9 ± 0.1

[42]

1300 1.3 ± 0.1

[42]

3.96[43]
Aldebaran 65.3±1[44] K5+III[45] 45100 45.1 ± 0.1

[46]

1160 1.16 ± 0.07

[47]

0.86 (0.75 – 0.95)[48] 14th brightest star in the night sky.
Hamal 65.8±0.3[1] K2-IIIbCa-1[49] 14900 14.9 ± 0.3

[50]

1500 1.5 ± 0.2

[51]

2.00[24] 49th brightest star in the night sky.
Nu Octantis 69.1[1] K1III[52] 05810 5.81 ± 0.12

[53]

1610 1.61

[53]

3.73[54]
Alpha Serpentis (Unukalhai) 73.92±0.3[55][lower-alpha 5] K2IIIbCN1[55] 13480 13.48

[56]

1660 1.66

[56]

2.623[14]
Epsilon Cygni (Aljanah) 75.5[57][lower-alpha 6] K0III[57] 10820 10.82 ± 0.14

[50]

2000 ~2

[58]

2.48[59]
Lambda Sagittarii (Kaus Borealis) 78.2±0.3[1] K1IIIb[60] 12692 12.692 ± 0.181

[61]

2600 2.6

[27]

2.82[62]
Beta Ophiuchi (Cebalrai) 81.8±0.3[1] K2IIICN0.5[63] 12420 12.42 ± 0.13

[64]

1130 1.13

[65]

2.749[59]
Alioth 82.51[66][lower-alpha 7] A1III-IVpkB9[66] 04140 4.14

[67]

2910 2.91

[68]

1.77[24] 33rd brightest star in the night sky.
Alpha Phoenicis (Ankaa) 85[1] K0.5IIIb[69] 15000 15

[lower-alpha 8]

1570 1.57

[70]

2.377[14]
Gamma Boötis Aa (Seginus) 86.8±0.3[1] A7 III[71] or A7 IV+(n)[72] 05160 5.16+0.71
−0.96

[40]

2100 2.1

[73]

3.03[74] (3.02 – 3.07)
Beta Columbae (Wazn) 87.2±0.3[1] K1III_CN+1[75] 11500 11.5

[lower-alpha 9]

1100 1.1 ± 0.2

[76]

3.105[14]
Gacrux 88.6±0.4[1] M3.5III[77] 1200000 120

[78]

1500 1.5 ± 0.3

[79]

1.64[4] The nearest M-type red giant, and the 25th brightest star in the night sky.
Beta Eridani (Cursa) 90±0.9[1] A3 III var[80] or A3 IV[81] 02400 2.4

[82]

2000 2

[82]

2.796[28]
Kappa Ophiuchi 91.5±0.5[1] K2III[83] 11000 11

[84]

1190 1.19 ± 0.14

[76]

3.20[85]
Eta Draconis 92.1±0.2[1] G8 III[86] 11000 11

[lower-alpha 10]

2550 2.55

[87]

2.73[87]
Chi Leonis 94.6±0.5[1] F2III[88] 01990 1.99

[89]

1620 1.62

[90]

4.63[91]
46 Leonis Minoris (Praecipua) 94.9±0.6[1] K0+III-IV[92] 08220 8.22 ± 0.22

[50]

1690 1.69

[93]

3.83[50] (3.79 – 3.84)[94]
Beta Ceti (Diphda) 96.3±0.5[1] K0 III[95] 16780 16.78 ± 0.25

[64]

2800 2.8

[96]

2.02[24]
Gamma2 Sagittarii (Alnasl) 96.82[97][lower-alpha 11] K1 III[97] 12000 12

[98]

2.98[62]
Delta Draconis (Altais) 97.4±0.3[1] G9III[99] 11000 11

[lower-alpha 12]

2320 2.32

[87]

3.07[24]
Alpha Indi 98.3±0.5[1] K0III-IV[101] 12000 12

[98]

2000 2

[102]

3.11[24]

Notes and references

  1. Jump up to: 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy & Astrophysics 474 (2): 653–664. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode2007A&A...474..653V. 
  2. Morgan, W. W.; Keenan, P. C. (1973-01-01). "Spectral Classification". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 11: 29–50. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333. ISSN 0066-4146. Bibcode1973ARA&A..11...29M. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973ARA&A..11...29M. 
  3. Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 3.2 Baines, Ellyn K.; Armstrong, J. Thomas; Schmitt, Henrique R.; Zavala, R. T.; Benson, James A.; Hutter, Donald J.; Tycner, Christopher; Belle, Gerard T. van (December 2017). "Fundamental Parameters of 87 Stars from the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer" (in en). The Astronomical Journal 155 (1): 30. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9d8b. ISSN 1538-3881. 
  4. Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ducati, J. R. (2002-01-01). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system.". VizieR Online Data Catalog. Bibcode2002yCat.2237....0D. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002yCat.2237....0D. 
  5. "alf Boo". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=HD+124897. 
  6. Jump up to: 6.0 6.1 Ramirez, I.; Prieto, C. Allende (2011-12-20). "Fundamental Parameters and Chemical Composition of Arcturus". The Astrophysical Journal 743 (2): 135. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/135. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode2011ApJ...743..135R. 
  7. "* del Cap". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=HD+207098. 
  8. Jump up to: 8.0 8.1 Malkov, O. Yu.; Oblak, E.; Snegireva, E. A.; Torra, J. (2006-02-01). "A catalogue of eclipsing variables". Astronomy and Astrophysics 446 (2): 785–789. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053137. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode2006A&A...446..785M. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006A&A...446..785M. 
  9. Jump up to: 9.0 9.1 Batten, A. H.; Fletcher, J. M. (1992-04-01). "A new spectroscopic orbit for delta Capricorni.". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 86: 99–109. ISSN 0035-872X. Bibcode1992JRASC..86...99B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JRASC..86...99B. 
  10. Jump up to: 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Torres, Guillermo; Claret, Antonio; Pavlovski, Kresimir; Dotter, Aaron (2015-05-27), "Capella (alpha Aurigae) revisited: New binary orbit, physical properties, and evolutionary state", The Astrophysical Journal 807 (1): 26, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/26, Bibcode2015ApJ...807...26T, http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.07461, retrieved 2023-12-22 
  11. Keenan, Philip C.; McNeil, Raymond C. (1989-10-01). "The Perkins Catalog of Revised MK Types for the Cooler Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 71: 245. doi:10.1086/191373. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode1989ApJS...71..245K. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989ApJS...71..245K. 
  12. Jump up to: 12.0 12.1 Petit, M. (1990-10-01). "Catalogue des etoiles variables ou suspectes dans le voisinage du soleil.". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 85: 971. ISSN 0365-0138. Bibcode1990A&AS...85..971P. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990A&AS...85..971P. 
  13. Hoffleit, Dorrit; Jaschek, Carlos (1991-01-01). The Bright star catalogue. Bibcode1991bsc..book.....H. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991bsc..book.....H. 
  14. Jump up to: 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Gutierrez-Moreno, A. (1966-01-01). "A system of photometric standards.". Publications of the Department of Astronomy University of Chile 1: 1. Bibcode1966PDAUC...1....1G. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966PDAUC...1....1G. 
  15. Jump up to: 15.0 15.1 "Gamma Cephei". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=Gamma+Cephei. 
  16. Mugrauer, M.; Schlagenhauf, S.; Buder, S.; Ginski, C.; Fernández, M. (June 2022). "Follow-up observations of the binary system $\gamma$ Cep". Astronomische Nachrichten 343 (5): e224014. doi:10.1002/asna.20224014. ISSN 0004-6337. 
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  18. "beta Cas". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=beta+Cas. 
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  20. Kukarkin, B. V.; Kholopov, P. N.; Pskovsky, Y. P.; Efremov, Y. N.; Kukarkina, N. P.; Kurochkin, N. E.; Medvedeva, G. I. (1971-01-01). "The third edition containing information on 20437 variable stars discovered and designated till 1968.". General Catalogue of Variable Stars: 0. Bibcode1971GCVS3.C......0K. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971GCVS3.C......0K. 
  21. Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Bubar, E. J.; McGahee, C. E.; O'Donoghue, A. A.; Knox, E. R. (July 2006). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 parsecs: The Southern Sample". The Astronomical Journal 132 (1): 161–170. doi:10.1086/504637. ISSN 0004-6256. 
  22. Jump up to: 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 Richichi, A.; Percheron, I.; Khristoforova, M. (2005-02-01). "CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements". Astronomy and Astrophysics 431 (2): 773–777. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042039. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode2005A&A...431..773R. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005A&A...431..773R. 
  23. Halbwachs, Jean-Louis; Mayor, Michel; Udry, Stéphane (November 2018). "Multiplicity among solar-type stars IV. The CORAVEL radial velocities and the spectroscopic orbits of nearby K dwarfs". Astronomy & Astrophysics 619: A81. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833377. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode2018A&A...619A..81H. 
  24. Jump up to: 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 Johnson, H. L.; Mitchell, R. I.; Iriarte, B.; Wisniewski, W. Z. (1966-01-01). "UBVRIJKL Photometry of the Bright Stars". Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory 4: 99–110. Bibcode1966CoLPL...4...99J. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966CoLPL...4...99J. 
  25. "eta Ser". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=eta+Ser. 
  26. Mérand, A.; Kervella, P.; Barban, C.; Josselin, E.; ten Brummelaar, T. A.; McAlister, H. A.; Coudé du Foresto, V.; Ridgway, S. T. et al. (2010-07-01). "Interferometric radius and limb darkening of the asteroseismic red giant η Serpentis with the CHARA Array". Astronomy and Astrophysics 517: A64. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912103. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode2010A&A...517A..64M. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010A&A...517A..64M. 
  27. Jump up to: 27.0 27.1 Edvardsson, B. (1988-01-01). "Spectroscopic surface gravities and chemical compositions for 8 nearby single sub-giants.". Astronomy and Astrophysics 190: 148–166. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode1988A&A...190..148E. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988A&A...190..148E. 
  28. Jump up to: 28.0 28.1 Cousins, A. W. J. (1984-01-01). "Standardisation of broad band photometry of equatorial standards.". South African Astronomical Observatory Circular 8: 59–67. Bibcode1984SAAOC...8...59C. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984SAAOC...8...59C. 
  29. "alf Tri". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=alf+Tri. 
  30. Jump up to: 30.0 30.1 Fuhrmann, Klaus (February 2008). "Nearby stars of the Galactic disc and halo – IV". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 384 (1): 173–224. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12671.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode2008MNRAS.384..173F. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12671.x. 
  31. "rho Pup". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=rho+Pup. 
  32. Rhee, Joseph H.; Song, Inseok; Zuckerman, B.; McElwain, Michael (2007-05-10). "Characterization of Dusty Debris Disks: the IRAS and Hipparcos Catalogs". The Astrophysical Journal 660 (2): 1556–1571. doi:10.1086/509912. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode2007ApJ...660.1556R. 
  33. "Tureis". http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/tureis.html. 
  34. Bookmeyer, B. B.; Fitch, W. S.; Lee, T. A.; Wisniewski, W. Z.; Johnson, H. L. (1977-08-01). "Photoelectric UBV observations of RR Lyrae variable stars. Second list.". Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica 2: 235–258. ISSN 0185-1101. Bibcode1977RMxAA...2..235B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977RMxAA...2..235B. 
  35. Samus', N. N.; Kazarovets, E. V.; Durlevich, O. V.; Kireeva, N. N.; Pastukhova, E. N. (2017-01-01). "General catalogue of variable stars: Version GCVS 5.1". Astronomy Reports 61 (1): 80–88. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085. ISSN 1063-7729. Bibcode2017ARep...61...80S. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ARep...61...80S. 
  36. "eps Sco". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=eps+Sco. 
  37. Fuhrmann, K.; Chini, R.; Kaderhandt, L.; Chen, Z. (2017-02-01). "Multiplicity among Solar-type Stars". The Astrophysical Journal 836 (1): 139. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/139. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode2017ApJ...836..139F. 
  38. Gutierrez-Moreno, Adelina; Moreno, Hugo (1968-06-01). "A Photometric Investigation of the SCORPlO-CENTAURUS Association". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 15: 459. doi:10.1086/190168. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode1968ApJS...15..459G. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968ApJS...15..459G. 
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  40. Jump up to: 40.0 40.1 Gaia Collaboration; Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; Babusiaux, C.; Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics 616: A1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode2018A&A...616A...1G. 
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  58. Gray, David F. (September 2015). "A SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF THE K0 III BINARY ϵ CYGNI" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 810 (2): 117. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/117. ISSN 0004-637X. https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/117. 
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  67. Shulyak, D.; Paladini, C.; Causi, G. Li; Perraut, K.; Kochukhov, O. (2014-09-11). "Interferometry of chemically peculiar stars: theoretical predictions vs. modern observing facilities". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 443 (2): 1629–1642. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1259. ISSN 1365-2966. 
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  69. "alf Phe". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=alf+Phe. 
  70. Charbonnel, C.; Lagarde, N.; Jasniewicz, G.; North, P.; Shetrone, M.; Hollek, J. Krugler; Smith, V. V.; Smiljanic, R. et al. (January 2020). "Lithium in red giant stars: Constraining non-standard mixing with large surveys in the Gaia era". Astronomy & Astrophysics 633: A34. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936360. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode2020A&A...633A..34C. 
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  75. "bet Col". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=bet+col. 
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  77. "* gam Cru". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=HD+108903. 
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  1. Calculated using a parallax of 84.27 milliarcseconds in the equation: 1/(Parallax (arcsec)) = distance (parsecs)
  2. Calculated using a parallax of 72.5167 milliarcseconds in the equation: 1/(Parallax (arcsec)) = distance (parsecs)
  3. Calculated using an angular diameter of 5.46 mas.[22]
  4. Calculated using an angular diameter of 5.99 mas.[22]
  5. Calculated using a parallax of 44.1 milliarcseconds in the equation: 1/(Parallax (arcsec)) = distance (parsecs)
  6. Calculated using a parallax of 43.1769 milliarcseconds in the equation: 1/(Parallax (arcsec)) = distance (parsecs)
  7. Calculated using a parallax of 39.51 milliarcseconds in the equation: 1/(Parallax (arcsec)) = distance (parsecs)
  8. Calculated using an angular diameter of 5.25 mas.[22]
  9. Calculated using an angular diameter of 3.99 mas.[22]
  10. Calculated using an angular diameter of 3.72 mas.[22]
  11. Calculated using a parallax of 33.67 milliarcseconds in the equation: 1/(Parallax (arcsec)) = distance (parsecs)
  12. Calculated using an angular diameter of 3.37 mas.[100]