Astronomy:HD 168607

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Short description: Star in the constellation Sagittarius
HD 168607
The star formation region Messier 17.jpg
HD 168607 is the right star of the pair below the Omega Nebula. The other is the hypergiant HD 168625.
Observation data
Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS)
Constellation Sagittarius
Right ascension  18h 21m 14.889s[1]
Declination −16° 22′ 31.76″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 8.12 - 8.29[2]
Characteristics
U−B color index 0.41[3]
B−V color index 1.54[3]
J−K color index 1.06[3]
Variable type LBV[4]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−30[5] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 0.563 mas/yr
Dec.: −1.468[6] mas/yr
Parallax (π)0.6438 ± 0.0603[6] mas
Distance5,100 ± 500 ly
(1,600 ± 100 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−8.4[7]
Details
Radius187[7] R☉
Luminosity240,000[7] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)1.0[7] cgs
Temperature9,300[7] K
Other designations
V4029 Sgr, HD 168607, BD−16°4829, SAO 161374, HIP 89956, AAVSO 1815-16
Database references
SIMBADdata

HD 168607 (V4029 Sagittarii) is a blue hypergiant and luminous blue variable (LBV) star located in the constellation of Sagittarius, easy to see with amateur telescopes. It forms a pair with HD 168625, also a blue hypergiant and possible luminous blue variable, that can be seen at the south-east of M17, the Omega Nebula.

Physical properties

A visual band light curve light curve for V4029 Sagittarii, plotted from ASAS data[8]

HD 168607 was estimated to be about as far away as is the Omega Nebula (2.2 kiloparsecs, 7,200 light years, from the Sun) and no respective measurements have been found that discount physical association with HD 168625.[9] Assuming this distance is correct, this star [10] is 240,000 times brighter than the Sun with a surface temperature of 9,300 K.[10] The Gaia Data Release 2 parallax of 0.6438±0.0603 mas implies a closer distance of about 1,500 pc.[11]

The apparent magnitude of this star or star system was observed to vary by 0.25 to 0.30 magnitudes with a period of 64 days when it was first identified as an α Cygni variable.[12] Unlike its neighbour HD 168625, no nebula has been found around this star.[13] It is classified in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars as a luminous blue variable or S Doradus variable with the variable star designation V4029 Sagittarii and a maximum and minimum visual magnitude of 8.12 and 8.29 respectively.[2] Although it is suspected of being in, or about to enter, an S Doradus phase, no outbursts have been observed.[12] A magnitude variation between 8.05 to 8.41 is reported from a broader range of observations.[14]

HD 168607 is thought to have had a mass between 25 and 30 M☉ when it first formed on the main sequence, but now much less.[12] Analysis of its period and photospheric abundances suggest that it has evolved through a red supergiant stage and has now expelled its outer atmosphere and increased its temperature again.[15]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 (2): 653–664. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. Bibcode: 2007A&A...474..653V. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Samus, N. N. et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S 1: B/gcvs. Bibcode: 2009yCat....102025S. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues 2237: 0. Bibcode: 2002yCat.2237....0D. 
  4. ↑ Nazé, Y.; Rauw, G.; Hutsemékers, D. (2012). "The first X-ray survey of Galactic luminous blue variables". Astronomy & Astrophysics 538: A47. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118040. Bibcode: 2012A&A...538A..47N. 
  5. ↑ Kharchenko, N. V.; Scholz, R.-D.; Piskunov, A. E.; Röser, S.; Schilbach, E. (2007). "Astrophysical supplements to the ASCC-2.5: Ia. Radial velocities of ˜55000 stars and mean radial velocities of 516 Galactic open clusters and associations". Astronomische Nachrichten 328 (9): 889. doi:10.1002/asna.200710776. Bibcode: 2007AN....328..889K. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Brown, A. G. A. (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics 616: A1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Bibcode: 2018A&A...616A...1G.  Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Van Genderen, A. M.; Van Den Bosch, F. C.; Dessing, F.; Fehmers, G. C.; Van Grunsven, J.; Van Der Heiden, R.; Janssens, A. M.; Kalter, R. et al. (1992). "Light variations of massive stars (Alpha Cygni variables). XIII - the B-type hypergiants R81 (LBV), HD 80077 (LBV?), HD 168607 = V 4029 Sagittarii (LBV) and HD 168625 = V 4030 Sagittarii". Astronomy and Astrophysics 264: 88. Bibcode: 1992A&A...264...88V. 
  8. ↑ "ASAS All Star Catalogue". The All Sky Automated Survey. http://www.astrouw.edu.pl/asas/?page=aasc. 
  9. ↑ Chentsov, E.L.; Gorda, E.S. (2004). "Spatial Closeness of the White Hypergiants HD 168607 and HD 168625". Astronomy Letters 30 (7): 145–180. doi:10.1134/1.1774398. Bibcode: 2004AstL...30..461C. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 van Genderen, A.M. (2001). "S Doradus variables in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds". Astronomy & Astrophysics 366 (2): 508–531. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000022. Bibcode: 2001A&A...366..508V. 
  11. ↑ Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Fouesneau, M.; Mantelet, G.; Andrae, R. (2018). "Estimating Distance from Parallaxes. IV. Distances to 1.33 Billion Stars in Gaia Data Release 2". The Astronomical Journal 156 (2): 58. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aacb21. Bibcode: 2018AJ....156...58B. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Sterken, C.; Arentoft, T.; Duerbeck, H.W.; Brogt, E. (1999). "Light variations of the blue hypergiants HD 168607 and HD 168625 (1973-1999)". Astronomy & Astrophysics 349: 532–536. Bibcode: 1999A&A...349..532S. 
  13. ↑ Hutsemekers, D.; vanDrom, E.; Gosset, E.; Melnick, J. (1994). "A dusty nebula around the luminous blue variable candidate HD 168625". Astronomy and Astrophysics 2904: 906–914. Bibcode: 1994A&A...290..906H. 
  14. ↑ "V4029 Sgr". https://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=31729. 
  15. ↑ Saio, Hideyuki; Georgy, Cyril; Meynet, Georges (2013). "Evolution of blue supergiants and α Cygni variables: Puzzling CNO surface abundances". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 433 (2): 1246–1257. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt796. Bibcode: 2013MNRAS.433.1246S. 



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