Biography:Gregg L. Semenza

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Short description: American physician
Gregg L. Semenza
Nobel 9 Dec 2019 012 copy (49204052292) (cropped).jpg
Semenza in Stockholm, December, 2019
Born
Gregg Leonard Semenza

(1956-07-12) July 12, 1956 (age 67)
New York City . New York, U.S.
EducationHarvard University (AB)
University of Pennsylvania (MD, PhD)
Known forHypoxia-inducible factors
Spouse(s)Laura Kasch-Semenza
AwardsAlbert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research (2016)
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2019)
Scientific career
InstitutionsJohns Hopkins School of Medicine
ThesisMolecular genetic analysis of the silent carrier of beta thalassemia (haplotype) (1984)
Doctoral advisorsElias Schwartz
Saul Surrey

Gregg Leonard Semenza (born July 12, 1956) is a pediatrician and Professor of Genetic Medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. He serves as the director of the vascular program at the Institute for Cell Engineering.[1] He is a 2016 recipient of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research.[2] He is known for his discovery of HIF-1, which allows cancer cells to adapt to oxygen-poor environments. He shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability" with William Kaelin Jr. and Peter J. Ratcliffe.[3][4] Semenza has had ten research papers retracted due to falsified data.

Early life

Semenza was born on July 12, 1956,[5] in Flushing, New York City; he and his four siblings grew up in Westchester County, New York.[6]

Education and career

Semenza grew up in Westchester County, New York and attended Washington Irving Intermediate School in Tarrytown, New York. He then attended Sleepy Hollow High School where he was a mid-fielder on the soccer team and graduated in 1974.[6] As an undergraduate at Harvard University, he studied medical genetics and mapped genes on chromosome 21.[6] For his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania, he sequenced genes linked to the recessive genetic disorder, beta-thalassemia.[6][7][8] Semenza subsequently completed his Pediatrics residency at Duke University[9] before completing a postdoctoral fellowship at Johns Hopkins University.[6] Semenza became the founding director of the Vascular Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering following his post-doctorate.[6]

Research

Illustration of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability

While a post-doctorate researcher at Johns Hopkins, Semenza evaluated gene expression in transgenic animals to determine how this affected the production of erythropoietin (EPO), known to be part of the means for the body to react to hypoxia, or low oxygen levels in the blood.[10] Semenza identified the gene sequences that expressed hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) proteins. Semenza's work showed that the HIF proteins consisted of two parts; HIF-1β, a stable base to most conditions, and HIF-1α that deteriorated when nominal oxygen levels were present. HIF-1α was further found essential to the EPO production process, as test subjects modified to be deficient in HIF-1α were found to have malformed blood vessels and decreased EPO levels. These HIF proteins were found across multiple test animals.[10] Semenza further found that HIF-1α overproduction could lead to cancer in other subjects.[10]

Semenza's research overlapped with that of William Kaelin and Peter J. Ratcliffe on determining the mechanism of oxygen detection in cells, and how EPO production is regulated by HIF and other factors. This has led to the development of drugs that help regulate these processes for patients with anaemia and kidney failure.[11]

Retractions

In 2011 Semenza retracted from Biochemical Journal one paper coauthored with Naoki Mori (and other collaborators), and in 2022 retracted four papers from PNAS according to Retraction Watch.[12] As of 2022, concerns about the integrity of images in 52 articles coauthored by Semenza have been raised on PubPeer. This has led to investigations by the journals where these articles appeared, resulting in many corrections, retractions and expressions of concern.[13]

In 2023, additional papers in PNAS[14] and Oncogene[15] were retracted.

As of 2023, Semenza has had 10 of his research papers retracted due to data falsification via improper manipulation and/or duplication of images.[16][17][18]

Personal life

Semenza is married to Laura Kasch-Semenza, whom he had met while at Johns Hopkins, and who currently operates one of the university's genotyping facilities.[6]

Awards

  • 1989: Lucille P. Markey Scholar Award in Biomedical Science, Markey Trust[19]
  • 1995: Elected Member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation[20]
  • 2000: E. Mead Johnson Award for Research in Pediatrics, Society for Pediatric Research[21]
  • 2008: Elected Member of the National Academy of Sciences[22]
  • 2008: Elected Member of the Association of American Physicians[23][19]
  • 2010: Gairdner Foundation International Award[24]
  • 2012: Elected to the Institute of Medicine[25]
  • 2012: The Scientific Grand Prize of the Lefoulon-Delalande Foundation[26]
  • 2012: Stanley J. Korsmeyer Award, American Society for Clinical Investigation[27]
  • 2014: Wiley Prize[28]
  • 2016: Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research (with William Kaelin and Peter J. Ratcliffe)[10][29]
  • 2019: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (with William Kaelin and Peter J. Ratcliffe), awarded by the Nobel Prize committee "for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability."[4][30][31]

References

  1. ↑ "Gregg L. Semenza, M.D., Ph.D.". http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/0800056/gregg-semenza. 
  2. ↑ Foundation, Lasker. "Oxygen sensing – an essential process for survival – The Lasker Foundation". http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/show/oxygen-sensing-essential-process-survival/. 
  3. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019" (in en-US). https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2019/summary/. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kolata, Gina; Specia, Megan (October 7, 2019). "Nobel Prize in Medicine Awarded for Research on How Cells Manage Oxygen – The prize was awarded to William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza for discoveries about how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/07/health/nobel-prize-medicine.html. 
  5. ↑ "Gregg L. Semenza: Facts". https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2019/semenza/facts/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 "Profile of Gregg L. Semenza". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107 (33): 14521–14523. August 17, 2010. doi:10.1073/pnas.1009481107. PMID 20679204. Bibcode: 2010PNAS..10714521A. 
  7. ↑ "Johns Hopkins geneticist Gregg Semenza wins Lasker Award for insights into how cells sense oxygen". September 13, 2016. http://hub.jhu.edu/2016/09/13/gregg-semenza-wins-lasker-award/. 
  8. ↑ Semenza, Gregg Leonard (1984). Molecular genetic analysis of the silent carrier of beta thalassemia (haplotype) (Ph.D. thesis). University of Pennsylvania. OCLC 1049531609 – via ProQuest.
  9. ↑ "Gairdner Award". October 7, 2019. https://gairdner.org/award_winners/gregg-l-semenza/. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Hurst, Jillian H. (September 13, 2016). "William Kaelin, Peter Ratcliffe, and Gregg Semenza receive the 2016 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 126 (10): 3628–3638. doi:10.1172/JCI90055. ISSN 0021-9738. PMID 27620538. "Further support for an oxygen-sensing mechanism was provided by the discovery of erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production [...] During the same time period in which Semenza was developing EPO-transgenic mice, Peter Ratcliffe, a physician and kidney specialist, was establishing a laboratory in Oxford University’s Nuffield Department of Medicine to study the regulation of EPO". 
  11. ↑ Ledford, Heidi; Callaway, Ewen (October 7, 2019). "Biologists who decoded how cells sense oxygen win medicine Nobel". Nature 574 (7777): 161–162. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02963-0. PMID 31595071. Bibcode: 2019Natur.574..161L. 
  12. ↑ "Nobel Prize winner Gregg Semenza retracts four papers". Retraction Watch. 2022-09-03. https://retractionwatch.com/2022/09/03/nobel-prize-winner-gregg-semenza-retracts-four-papers/. 
  13. ↑ Else, Holly (2022-10-21). "Dozens of papers co-authored by Nobel laureate raise concerns". Nature (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 611 (7934): 19–20. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-03032-9. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 36271037. Bibcode: 2022Natur.611...19E. 
  14. ↑ "Retraction for Lee et al., Acriflavine inhibits HIF-1 dimerization, tumor growth, and vascularization" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120 (18): e2305537120. 2023-05-02. doi:10.1073/pnas.2305537120. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 37099630. Bibcode: 2023PNAS..12005537.. 
  15. ↑ Zhang, H.; Wong, C. C. L.; Wei, H.; Gilkes, D. M.; Korangath, P.; Chaturvedi, P.; Schito, L.; Chen, J. et al. (2023-05-23). "Retraction Note: HIF-1-dependent expression of angiopoietin-like 4 and L1CAM mediates vascular metastasis of hypoxic breast cancer cells to the lungs" (in en). Oncogene 42 (28): 2234. doi:10.1038/s41388-023-02720-8. ISSN 1476-5594. PMID 37221224. 
  16. ↑ Ellie Kincaid (October 2, 2023). "Nobel Prize winner Gregg Semenza tallies tenth retraction". Retraction Watch. https://retractionwatch.com/2023/10/02/nobel-prize-winner-gregg-semenza-tallies-tenth-retraction. 
  17. ↑ "Retraction Watch Database". Center for Scientific Integrity. http://retractiondatabase.org/RetractionSearch.aspx#?auth%3dSemenza%252c%2bGregg%2bL. 
  18. ↑ "Nobel Prize winner Gregg Semenza retracts another study" (in en). https://cen.acs.org/people/nobel-prize/Nobel-Prize-winner-Gregg-Semenza/101/web/2023/06. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Gregg L. Semenza, M.D., Ph.D.". Johns Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/0800056/gregg-semenza. 
  20. ↑ "Gregg L. Semenza, MD, PhD". https://www.the-asci.org/controllers/asci/AsciProfileController.php?pid=160306. 
  21. ↑ "E. Mead Johnson Award in Pediatric Research". https://www.aps-spr.org/SPR/Awards/EMJ/PastRecipients.asp. 
  22. ↑ "72 New Members Chosen By Academy". http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=04292008. 
  23. ↑ "2008 Elected Members". Association of American Physicians. December 20, 2019. http://aap-online.org/. 
  24. ↑ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to 2010 Gairdner Laureates". October 7, 2019. https://gairdner.org/nobel-prize-physiology-medicine-awarded-2010-gairdner-laureates//. 
  25. ↑ "Two NAM Members Receive Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award". September 15, 2016. https://nam.edu/two-nam-members-receive-albert-lasker-basic-medical-research-award/. 
  26. ↑ "Gregg L. Semenza". Institut de France. Grands Prix des Fondations. April 21, 2015. http://www.grands-prix-institut-de-france.fr/gregg-l-semenza. 
  27. ↑ "The 2012 Stanley J. Korsmeyer Award: William G. Kaelin, Jr., MD, and Gregg L. Semenza, MD, PhD". https://www.the-asci.org/awards/korsmeyer/2012-william-g-kaelin-jr-and-gregg-l-semenza/. 
  28. ↑ "Wiley: The 13th Annual Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences Awarded for Advancements in Oxygen Sensing Systems". https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-110266.html. 
  29. ↑ Foundation, Lasker. "Oxygen sensing – an essential process for survival" (in en). http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/show/oxygen-sensing-essential-process-survival/. 
  30. ↑ Gallagher, James (October 7, 2019). "How cells sense oxygen wins Nobel prize" (in en-GB). https://www.bbc.com/news/health-49959737. 
  31. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019". https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2019/summary/. 

External links

  • Miss nobel-id as parameter including the Nobel Lecture on 7 December 2019 Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Physiology and Medicine



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