Biography:Uwe Bergmann

Uwe Bergmann
Bergmann 2026
Alma mater	State University of New York at Stony Brook (Ph.D.) University of Hamburg (Diplom) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Pre-Diplom)
Known for	Development of synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser techniques
Scientific career
Fields	Physics Ultrafast X-ray science X-ray spectroscopy
Institutions	University of Wisconsin-Madison SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Website	bergmann.physics.wisc.edu

Uwe Bergmann is a German-American physicist and the Martin L. Perl Endowed Professor in Ultrafast X-ray Science in the Department of Physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His research focuses on the development and application of synchrotron radiation and X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) techniques, including X-ray emission spectroscopy, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, and X-ray fluorescence imaging.

Bergmann held senior leadership roles at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, including Deputy Director (2009-2013) and Interim Director (2013-2014) of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), the world’s first hard X-ray free-electron laser.

Early life and education

Bergmann is from Karlsruhe, Germany. He earned a Pre-Diplom in Physics from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (1986), a Diplom in Physics from the University of Hamburg (1990), and a Ph.D. in Physics from Stony Brook University in 1994.

Career

Following his Ph.D., Bergmann completed postdoctoral research at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France (1994-1996) and at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1996-1999). He subsequently held positions as a scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1999-2003), Staff Scientist and Senior Staff Scientist at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (2003-2015), Deputy Director of the LCLS (2009-2013), and Interim Director of the LCLS (2013-2014).

In 2020, he joined the University of Wisconsin-Madison as Professor of Physics and was appointed the Martin L. Perl Endowed Professor in Ultrafast X-ray Science. He maintains affiliate faculty appointments in the departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering at UW-Madison, as well as a visiting professorship at SLAC.

Research

Bergmann’s research centers on advancing synchrotron and XFEL-based X-ray techniques for time-resolved spectroscopy and imaging, often in large international collaborations. Key contributions include:

• X-ray fluorescence imaging of cultural heritage - He led the development of rapid-scan X-ray fluorescence imaging at SSRL, which non-destructively revealed hidden text in the Archimedes Palimpsest, a 10th-century parchment overwritten with medieval prayers.

• Ultrafast studies of photosynthesis - Using XFEL pulses, his collaborations have captured structural intermediates in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II during water oxidation.

• Stimulated X-ray emission and attosecond pulses - Recent work demonstrated the first attosecond-scale hard X-ray lasing.

His techniques have also been applied to the structure of water and aqueous solutions, functional 2D materials, hydrocarbons, and paleontological specimens such as the Archaeopteryx fossil.

Selected publications

• Linker, T. M. (2025). "Attosecond inner-shell lasing at ångström wavelengths". Nature 642: 934–940. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09105-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09105-9. 
• Bhowmick, A. (2023). "Structural evidence for intermediates during O₂ formation in photosystem II". Nature 617 (7961): 629–636. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06038-z. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06038-z. 
• Bergmann, U. (2021). "Using X-ray free-electron lasers for spectroscopy of molecular catalysts and metalloenzymes". Nature Reviews Physics 3 (4): 264–282. doi:10.1038/s42254-021-00289-3. PMC 8245202. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-021-00289-3. 
• Lancaster, K. M. (2011). "X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy Evidences a Central Carbon in the Nitrogenase Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor". Science 334 (6058): 974–977. doi:10.1126/science.1206445. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1206445. 
• Bergmann, U. (2010). "Archaeopteryx feathers and bone chemistry fully revealed via synchrotron imaging". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (20): 9060–9065. doi:10.1073/pnas.1001569107. PMC 2889062. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1001569107. 
• Bergmann, U. (2007). "Archimedes brought to light". Physics World 20 (11): 39. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/20/11/39. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/20/11/39. 
• Glatzel, P.; Bergmann, U. (2005). "High resolution 1s core hole x-ray spectroscopy in 3d transition metal complexes – Electronic and Structural Information". Coordination Chemistry Reviews 249 (1-2): 65–95. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2004.04.011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2004.04.011. 
• Wernet, Ph. (2004). "The Structure of the First Coordination Shell in Liquid Water". Science 304 (5673): 995–999. doi:10.1126/science.1096205. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1096205. 
• Bergmann, U. (1999). "Dependence of Interatomic X-Ray Transition Energies and Intensities – A Study of Mn Kβ'' and Kβ2,5 Spectra". Chemical Physics Letters 302 (1-2): 119–124. doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00095-0. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00095-0. 
• Hastings, J. B. (1991). "Mössbauer Spectroscopy using Synchrotron Radiation". Physical Review Letters 66 (6): 770–773. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.770. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.770.