Biology:4-aminobutyrate—pyruvate transaminase
| 4-aminobutyrate---pyruvate transaminase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC number | 2.6.1.96 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
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4-aminobutyrate---pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.96, aminobutyrate aminotransferase, gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransaminase, gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase, gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase, gamma-aminobutyric acid pyruvate transaminase, gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase, gamma-aminobutyric transaminase, 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, 4-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase, aminobutyrate transaminase, GABA aminotransferase, GABA transaminase, GABA transferase, POP2 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 4-aminobutanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase.[1][2][3][4] This enzyme is a type of GABA transaminase, which degrades the neurotransmitter GABA. The enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
- (1) 4-aminobutanoate + pyruvate [math]\displaystyle{ \rightleftharpoons }[/math] succinate semialdehyde + L-alanine
- (2) 4-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate [math]\displaystyle{ \rightleftharpoons }[/math] succinate semialdehyde + glycine
This enzyme requires pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
Clinical significance
Phenylethylidenehydrazine, the active metabolite of phenelzine, inhibits gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase and subsequently increases GABA concentrations in the central nervous system. This may contribute to the notable anxiolytic effects of phenelzine.[5]
References
- ↑ Van Cauwenberghe, O.R.; Shelp, B.J. (1999). "Biochemical characterization of partially purified gaba:pyruvate transaminase from Nicotiana tabacum". Phytochemistry 52: 575–581. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00301-5.
- ↑ "Pollen tube growth and guidance is regulated by POP2, an Arabidopsis gene that controls GABA levels". Cell 114 (1): 47–59. July 2003. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00479-3. PMID 12859897.
- ↑ "Biochemical characterization, mitochondrial localization, expression, and potential functions for an Arabidopsis gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase that utilizes both pyruvate and glyoxylate". Journal of Experimental Botany 60 (6): 1743–57. 2009. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp044. PMID 19264755.
- ↑ "Subcellular localization and expression of multiple tomato gamma-aminobutyrate transaminases that utilize both pyruvate and glyoxylate". Journal of Experimental Botany 60 (11): 3255–67. 2009. doi:10.1093/jxb/erp161. PMID 19470656.
- ↑ "Chronic administration of the antidepressant phenelzine and its N-acetyl analogue: effects on GABAergic function". Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementum 41: 115–22. 1994. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-9324-2_15. ISBN 978-3-211-82521-1. PMID 7931216.
External links
- 4-aminobutyrate---pyruvate+transaminase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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