Biology:ACTL6A
 Generic protein structure example |
Actin-like protein 6A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTL6A gene.[1][2][3]
Function
This gene encodes a family member of actin-related proteins (ARPs), which share significant amino acid sequence identity to conventional actins. Both actins and ARPs have an actin fold, which is an ATP-binding cleft, as a common feature. The ARPs are involved in diverse cellular processes, including vesicular transport, spindle orientation, nuclear migration and chromatin remodeling. This gene encodes a 53 kDa subunit protein of the BAF (BRG1/brm-associated factor) complex in mammals, which is functionally related to SWI/SNF complex in S. cerevisiae and Drosophila; the latter is thought to facilitate transcriptional activation of specific genes by antagonizing chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression. Together with beta-actin, it is required for maximal ATPase activity of BRG1, and for the association of the BAF complex with chromatin/matrix. Three transcript variants that encode two different protein isoforms have been described.[3]
Clinical significance
ACTL6A is amplified in head and squamous cancers and confers poor prognosis in patients. This is also the first report of amplification of an epigenetic factor by Saladi SV.[4] In hepatocellular carcinomas, it promotes metastasis.[5]
Interactions
ACTL6A has been shown to interact with SMARCA2,[6][7][8] Myc,[7] Transformation/transcription domain-associated protein,[7] RuvB-like 1[7] and SMARCA4.[1][6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Rapid and phosphoinositol-dependent binding of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex to chromatin after T lymphocyte receptor signaling". Cell 95 (5): 625–36. December 1998. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81633-5. PMID 9845365.
- ↑ "Two isoforms of a human actin-related protein show nuclear localization and mutually selective expression between brain and other tissues". Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 63 (5): 917–23. July 1999. doi:10.1271/bbb.63.917. PMID 10380635.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: ACTL6A actin-like 6A". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=86.
- ↑ "ACTL6A Is Co-Amplified with p63 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Drive YAP Activation, Regenerative Proliferation, and Poor Prognosis". Cancer Cell 31 (1): 35–49. 2017. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2016.12.001. PMID 28041841.
- ↑ "Actin-like 6A predicts poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition". Hepatology 63 (4): 1256–71. 2016. doi:10.1002/hep.28417. PMID 26698646.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Purification and biochemical heterogeneity of the mammalian SWI-SNF complex". EMBO J. 15 (19): 5370–82. October 1996. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00921.x. PMID 8895581.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "BAF53 forms distinct nuclear complexes and functions as a critical c-Myc-interacting nuclear cofactor for oncogenic transformation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (5): 1307–16. March 2002. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.5.1307-1316.2002. PMID 11839798.
- ↑ "Brain-specific expression of the nuclear actin-related protein ArpNalpha and its involvement in mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 299 (2): 328–34. November 2002. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02637-2. PMID 12437990.
Further reading
- "Actin-related proteins.". Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 15: 341–63. 2000. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.15.1.341. PMID 10611965.
- "The highly conserved and multifunctional NuA4 HAT complex.". Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 14 (2): 147–54. 2004. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2004.02.009. PMID 15196461.
- "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–4. 1994. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene 200 (1–2): 149–56. 1997. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- "A human RNA polymerase II complex containing factors that modify chromatin structure". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (9): 5355–63. 1998. doi:10.1128/MCB.18.9.5355. PMID 9710619.
- "Reconstitution of a core chromatin remodeling complex from SWI/SNF subunits". Mol. Cell 3 (2): 247–53. 1999. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80315-9. PMID 10078207.
- "Involvement of the TIP60 histone acetylase complex in DNA repair and apoptosis". Cell 102 (4): 463–73. 2000. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00051-9. PMID 10966108.
- "The human SWI/SNF-B chromatin-remodeling complex is related to yeast rsc and localizes at kinetochores of mitotic chromosomes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (24): 13015–20. 2001. doi:10.1073/pnas.240208597. PMID 11078522. Bibcode: 2000PNAS...9713015X.
- "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs". Genome Res. 11 (3): 422–35. 2001. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMID 11230166.
- "Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing". EMBO Rep. 1 (3): 287–92. 2001. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058. PMID 11256614.
- "Identification of a nuclear protein ArpN as a component of human SWI/SNF complex and its selective association with a subset of active genes". Mol. Cells 11 (1): 75–81. 2001. doi:10.1016/S1016-8478(23)17006-3. PMID 11266125.
- "Identification of the human crooked neck gene by comparative gene identification". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1517 (3): 449–54. 2001. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00295-5. PMID 11342225.
- "The p400 complex is an essential E1A transformation target". Cell 106 (3): 297–307. 2001. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00450-0. PMID 11509179.
- "SYT associates with human SNF/SWI complexes and the C-terminal region of its fusion partner SSX1 targets histones". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (7): 5498–505. 2002. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108702200. PMID 11734557.
- "BAF53 forms distinct nuclear complexes and functions as a critical c-Myc-interacting nuclear cofactor for oncogenic transformation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (5): 1307–16. 2002. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.5.1307-1316.2002. PMID 11839798.
- "Alternative splicing products of the gene for a human nuclear actin-related protein, hArpNbeta/Baf53, that encode a protein isoform, hArpNbetaS, in the cytoplasm". Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66 (8): 1740–3. 2003. doi:10.1271/bbb.66.1740. PMID 12353638.
- "Brain-specific expression of the nuclear actin-related protein ArpNalpha and its involvement in mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 299 (2): 328–34. 2003. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02637-2. PMID 12437990.
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