Biology:Actinopteri
Actinopteri (/æktɪˈnɒptəraɪ/) is the sister group of Cladistia (bichirs) in the class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish).
Dating back to the Permian period, the Actinopteri comprise the Chondrostei (sturgeons and paddlefish), the Holostei (bowfins and gars), and the teleosts; in other words, all extant ray-finned fish other than the bichirs.
In this clade the lungs have evolved into a swim bladder.[1]
Characters of Actinopteri include [2] paired fin structure, a single dorsal fin, fulcra, a large median gular and numerous branchiostegals, ganoid scales, and a valvula cerebelli in the brain.
Classification
The following cladogram[3][4][5][6] summarizes the evolutionary relationships of extant Actinopteri. Divergence time for each clade in mya are based on:[7]
| Actinopteri 400 mya |
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References
- ↑ Funk, Emily; Lencer, Ezra; McCune, Amy (September 2020). "Dorsoventral inversion of the air-filled organ (lungs, gas bladder) in vertebrates: RNA-sequencing of laser capture microdissected embryonic tissue". Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B, Molecular and Developmental Evolution 334 (6): 325–338. doi:10.1002/jez.b.22998. PMID 32864827. Bibcode: 2020JEZB..334..325F.
- ↑ Patterson, Colin (1982). "Morphology and Interrelationships of Primitive Actinopterygian Fishes". American Zoologist 22 (241): 241–259. doi:10.1093/icb/22.2.241.
- ↑ Betancur-R (2016). "Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes Version 4". https://sites.google.com/site/guilleorti/classification-v-4.
- ↑ Nelson, Joseph, S. (2016). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 9781118342336.
- ↑ "Actinopterygii". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161061.
- ↑ R. Froese and D. Pauly, ed (February 2006). "FishBase". http://www.fishbase.org.
- ↑ Thomas J. Near (2012). "Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification". PNAS 109 (34): 13698–13703. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206625109. PMID 22869754. Bibcode: 2012PNAS..10913698N.
Template:Actinopterygii Wikidata ☰ Q343460 entry
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