Biology:Angiopteris
Angiopteris is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands.
They feature a large, erect, woody rhizome with a wide base supported by thick roots. The fronds are deltoid, pinnate, 5–8 metres (16–26 ft) long, with spreading leaflets.[1] At the base of the fronds is a pair of thick, leathery stipules — in the case of A. canaliculata, measuring up to 15 cm (5.9 in) long and wide.[2] Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometimes segregated into the genus Archangiopteris, and a once-pinnate monotypic segregate genus has been called Macroglossum, but molecular data supports inclusion of these taxa within a broad concept of Angiopteris.[3]
Angiopteris is unique among ferns in having explosively dispersed spores, thought to be caused by the cavitation of an airspace between spore layers.[4] The basal chromosome number for this genus is 2n=80. The type species is Angiopteris evecta.[3]
Angiopteris evecta has been introduced and naturalized in Hawaii,[5] Jamaica, and parts of Central America, where it has become an invasive weed in lower elevation drainages.[citation needed]
Taxonomy
The Smith et al. classification of 2006, based on molecular phylogeny, placed Angiopteris in Marattiaceae.[6] Subsequent classifications have maintained this placement.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag[7]
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Unassigned species:
- †Angiopteris angustifoliopsis Kuzitchkina
- Angiopteris brooksii Copel.
- Angiopteris cadierei (C.Chr. & Tardieu) Govaerts & Christenh.
- Angiopteris chongsengiana Senterre & I.Fabre
- Angiopteris confertinervia Ching ex C.Chr. & Tardieu
- Angiopteris crassipes Wall.
- Angiopteris danaeoides Z.R.He & Christenh.
- Angiopteris elliptica Alderw.
- Angiopteris ferox Copel.
- Angiopteris holttumii C.Chr.
- †Angiopteris iberica Delle & Doludenko
- Angiopteris javanica C.Presl
- Angiopteris latipinna (Ching) Z.R.He, W.M.Chu & Christenh.
- Angiopteris microura Copel.
- Angiopteris oblanceolata Ching & Chu H.Wang
- Angiopteris opaca Copel.
- †Angiopteris parvispinellatus (Maljavkina) Faddeeva
- Angiopteris paucinervis W.M.Chu & Z.R.He
- Angiopteris remota Ching & Chu H.Wang
- †Angiopteris richthofenii von Schenk
- Angiopteris sparsisora Ching
- Angiopteris subrotundata (Ching) Z.R.He & Christenh.
- †Angiopteris taeniopteroides Yang
- Angiopteris sugongii Gui L.Zhang, J.Y.Xiang & Ting Wang
- Angiopteris undulatostriata Hieron.
- Angiopteris versteegii Alderw.
- Angiopteris winkleri Rosenst.
References
- ↑ Ellison, Don (1999) Cultivated Plants of the World. London: New Holland (1st ed.: Brisbane: Flora Publications International, 1995)
- ↑ Holttum, R.E. (1978). "Morphology and Anatomy of Angiopteris with Description of a New Species". Kew Bulletin 32: 592. doi:10.2307/4109664.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Murdock, Andrew G. (2008). "A taxonomic revision of the eusporangiate fern family Marattiaceae, with description of a new genus Ptisana". Taxon 57 (3): 737–755. doi:10.1002/tax.573007. Bibcode: 2008Taxon..57..737M.
- ↑ Hovenkamp, Peter (June 2009). "Spore movement driven by the spore wall in an eusporangiate fern". Grana 48 (2): 122–127. doi:10.1080/00173130902804331. Bibcode: 2009Grana..48..122H.
- ↑ Murdock, Andrew G. (2008). "Phylogeny of marattioid ferns (Marattiaceae) inferring a root in the absence of a closely related outgroup.". American Journal of Botany 95 (5): 626–641. doi:10.3732/ajb.2007308. PMID 21632388. Bibcode: 2008AmJB...95..626M.
- ↑ Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Korall, Petra; Schneider, Harald; Wolf, Paul G. (2006). "A classification for extant ferns". Taxon 55 (3): 705–731. doi:10.2307/25065646. Bibcode: 2006Taxon..55..705S. https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/9/95/Smith_et_al_2006.pdf.
- ↑ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". 2024. https://fernphy.github.io/viewer.html.
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<ref> tag with name "WF_g36" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.Template:Fern classification Wikidata ☰ Q4763285 entry
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