Biology:Streptophyta
| Streptophyta | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
| (unranked): | Archaeplastida |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967,[1] sensu Leliaert et al. 2012 |
| Subdivisions | |
| Synonyms | |
sister: chlorophyta | |
Streptophyta (/strɛpˈtɒfɪtə, ˈstrɛptoʊfaɪtə/), informally the streptophytes (/ˈstrɛptəfaɪts/, from the Greek strepto 'twisted', for the morphology of the sperm of some members), is a clade of plants. The composition of the clade varies considerably between authors, but the definition employed here includes land plants and all green algae except the Chlorophyta and the more basal Prasinodermophyta.[3]
Classifications
The composition of Streptophyta and similar groups (Streptophytina, Charophyta) varies in each classification.[4][citation needed] Some authors are more restrictive, including only the Charales and Embryophyta (e.g., Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967; Adl et al. 2012, Streptophytina Lewis & McCourt 2004), others include more groups (e.g., Charophyta Lewis & McCourt 2004; Karol et al. 2009; Adl et al. 2012, Streptophyta Bremer, 1985; de Reviers 2002; Leliaert et al. 2012, Streptobionta Kenrick & Crane 1997; some authors use this broader definition, but exclude the Embryophyta, e.g., Charophyta Cavalier-Smith 1993;[5] Leliaert et al. 2012, Charophyceae Mattox & Stewart, 1984, Streptophycophytes de Reviers, 2002).
The organism, streptophyta, includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms. All living green plants belong to the major phyla including Streptophyta and chlorophyta. The Streptophyta phylum contains the charophyte green algae in freshwater habitat and also all land plants. Another thing about streptophyta is that this organism reproduces sexually by conjugation. There is another organism that is very similar to streptophyta is the Mesostigma viride organism and it is a green flagellate. Streptophyta include the charophycean lineage along with bryophytes and tracheophytes. Bryophytes are land plants that include liverworts, hornworts and mosses, and tracheophytes are vascular plants. The organism, streptophyta, was also found in Bahia, Brazil, and is characterized by having cell walls composed of a single unit, without pores or other ornamentations. The phylum Streptophyta comprises all land plants and six monophyletic groups of charophycean green algae.[6]
These earlier classifications have not taken into account that the Coleochaetophyceae and the Zygnemophyceae appear to have emerged in the Charophyceae + Embryophyta clade, resulting in the synonymy of the Phragmoplastophyta and Streptophytina/Streptophyta sensu stricto (a.k.a. Adl 2012) nomenclature.[7]
Jeffrey, 1967
- Streptophyta
Lewis & McCourt 2004
- Division Charophyta (charophyte algae and embryophytes)
- Class Mesostigmatophyceae (mesostigmatophytes)
- Class Chlorokybophyceae (chlorokybophytes)
- Class Klebsormidiophyceae (klebsormidiophytes)
- Class Zygnemophyceae (conjugates)
- Order Zygnematales (filamentous conjugates and saccoderm desmids)
- Order Desmidiales (placoderm desmids)
- Class Coleochaetophyceae (coleochaetophytes)
- Order Coleochaetales
- Subdivision Streptophytina
- Class Charophyceae (same as the Smith system, 1938)
- Order Charales (charophytes sensu stricto)
- Class Embryophyceae (embryophytes)
- Class Charophyceae (same as the Smith system, 1938)
Leliaert et al. 2012
- Streptophyta
- charophytes
- Mesostigmatophyceae
- Chlorokybophyceae
- Klebsormidiophyceae
- Charophyceae
- Zygnematophyceae
- Coleochaetophyceae
- Embryophyta (land plants)
- charophytes
Adl et al. 2012
- Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005
- Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)
- Chlorophyta Pascher 1914, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004
- Charophyta Migula 1897, emend. Karol et al. 2009 (Charophyceae Smith 1938, Mattox & Stewart 1984)
- Chlorokybus Geitler 1942
- Mesostigma Lauterborn 1894
- Klebsormidiophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995
- Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Guyander 2006
- Zygnematophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995, emend. Hall et al. 2009
- Coleochaetophyceae Jeffrey 1982
- Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967
- Charophyceae Smith 1938, emend. Karol et al. 2009 (Charales Lindley 1836; Charophytae Engler 1887)
- Embryophyta Engler 1886, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004 (Cormophyta Endlicher 1836; Plantae Haeckel 1866)
- Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)
Adl et al. 2019
- Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005
- Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)
- Phylum Streptophyta [Charophyta]
- Chlorokybus atmophyticus
- Mesostigma viridae
- Family Klebsomidiophyceae
- Class Phragmoplastophyta
- Family Zygnemataceae
- Order Coleochaetophyceae
- Family Characeae
- Kingdom Embryophyta
- Phylum Streptophyta [Charophyta]
- Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)
Phylogeny
Below is a reconstruction of Streptophyta relationships, based on genomic data.[8][9][10]
| Streptophyta/ |
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| charophyta |
The newly found streptofilum appears to bring in a new branching[11]
| Streptophyta/ |
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| charophyta |
References
- ↑ Jeffrey C (1967). "The origin and differentiation of the Archegoniate land plants: A second contribution". Kew Bull. 21 (2): 335–349. doi:10.2307/4108533.
- ↑ Sluiman H. J. (1985). "A cladistic evaluation of the lower and higher green plants (Viridiplantae)". Plant Syst. Evol. 149 (3–4): 217–232. doi:10.1007/bf00983308.
- ↑ Sánchez-Baracaldo, Patricia; Raven, John A.; Pisani, Davide; Knoll, Andrew H. (2017-09-12). "Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (37): E7737–E7745. doi:10.1073/pnas.1620089114. PMID 28808007. PMC 5603991. Bibcode: 2017PNAS..114E7737S. https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/ws/files/132985852/pnas.1620089114.sapp.pdf.
- ↑ "Die Schwestergruppe der Landpflanzen" (in de). https://www.protisten.de/german/docs/Phylogeny_in_Streptophyta.pdf.
- ↑ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1993). The origin, losses and gains of chloroplasts. In: Origins of plastids (pp. 291-348). Springer US.
- ↑ {Kapraun, D. F. (2007). Nuclear DNA content estimates in green algal lineages: Chlorophyta and Streptophyta. Annals of botany, 99(4), 677-701. Liang, Z., Geng, Y., Ji, C., Du, H., Wong, C. E., Zhang, Q., ... & Yu, H. (2020). Mesostigma viride genome and transcriptome provide insights into the origin and evolution of Streptophyta. Advanced Science, 7(1), 1901850. Nedelcu, A. M., Borza, T., & Lee, R. W. (2006). A land plant–specific multigene family in the unicellular Mesostigma argues for its close relationship to Streptophyta. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 23(5), 1011-1015. Oliveira, I. B. D., Bicudo, C. E. D. M., & Moura, C. W. D. N. (2013). First records of Zygnematales (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) for the state of Bahia, Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 27(4), 743-750.}
- ↑ Lemieux, Claude; Otis, Christian; Turmel, Monique (2016). "Comparative Chloroplast Genome Analyses of Streptophyte Green Algae Uncover Major Structural Alterations in the Klebsormidiophyceae, Coleochaetophyceae and Zygnematophyceae" (in en). Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 697. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00697. ISSN 1664-462X. PMID 27252715.
- ↑ Linzhou Li; Sibo Wang; Hongli Wang; Sunil Kumar Sahu; Birger Marin; Haoyuan Li; Yan Xu; Hongping Liang et al. (22 June 2020). "The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants". Nature Ecology & Evolution 4 (9): 1220–1231. doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7. PMID 32572216.
- ↑ Puttick, Mark N.; Morris, Jennifer L.; Williams, Tom A.; Cox, Cymon J.; Edwards, Dianne; Kenrick, Paul; Pressel, Silvia; Wellman, Charles H. et al. (2018). "The Interrelationships of Land Plants and the Nature of the Ancestral Embryophyte". Current Biology 28 (5): 733–745.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.063. PMID 29456145.
- ↑ Sánchez-Baracaldo, Patricia; Raven, John A.; Pisani, Davide; Knoll, Andrew H. (2017-09-12). "Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (37): E7737–E7745. doi:10.1073/pnas.1620089114. PMID 28808007. PMC 5603991. Bibcode: 2017PNAS..114E7737S. https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/ws/files/132985852/pnas.1620089114.sapp.pdf.
- ↑ Glass, Sarah E.; McCourt, Richard M.; Gottschalk, Stephen D.; Lewis, Louise A.; Karol, Kenneth G. (2023-08-07). "Chloroplast genome evolution and phylogeny of the early‐diverging charophycean green algae with a focus on the Klebsormidiophyceae and Streptofilum" (in en). Journal of Phycology. doi:10.1111/jpy.13359. ISSN 0022-3646. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpy.13359.
- Bremer, K. (1985) Summary of green plant phylogeny and classification. Cladistics 1:369-385.
- Lewis L.A.; McCourt R.M. (October 2004). "Green algae and the origin of land plants". American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1535–1556. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535. PMID 21652308.
- Adl, S.M.; Simpson, A.G.B.; Lane, C.E.; Lukeš, J.; Bass, D.; Bowser, S.S.; Brown, M.W.; Burki, F. et al. (September 2012), "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes", Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–514, doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x, PMID 23020233
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q133527 entry
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