Biology:Austroboletus

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Short description: Genus of fungi

Austroboletus
Austroboletus eburneus 418196.jpg
Austroboletus eburneus
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Boletales
Family: Boletaceae
Genus: Austroboletus
(Corner) Wolfe (1980)
Type species
Austroboletus dictyotus
(Boedijn) Wolfe (1980)
Synonyms
  • Boletus subgen. Austroboletus Corner (1972)

Austroboletus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. The widely distributed genus contains species that form mycorrhizal relationships with plants.

Taxonomy

E. J. H. Corner originally defined Austroboletus as a subgenus of Boletus in his 1972 work Boletus in Malaysia, before it was raised to genus level in 1979 by mycologist Carl B. Wolfe.[1] The type species is Austroboletus dictyotus, a fungus originally described by Karel Bernard Boedijn in 1960 as a member of the genus Porphyrellus.[2] The generic name Austroboletus means "southern bolete".[3]

In a 2014 molecular genetics study, Wu and colleagues defined 22 clades within the Boletaceae. They found the genus as understood to be polyphyletic – composed of two distinct lineages. One with pitted stipes, which remained as Austroboletus, while those with smoother stipes were moved to Veloporphyrellus. They delineated a subfamily Austroboletoideae, which contained genera with pitted spores, including Austroboletus, Fistulinella, Mucilopilus and Veloporphyrellus. These genera were notable in the family in that their fruit bodies generally do not change colour when bruised.[4]

Description

Although they resemble other boletes macroscopically, Austroboletus is differentiated microscopically with spores that are pitted, rather than smooth.[5] The spore colour ranges from lilac- or pinkish-brown to wine-coloured.[6] The pores and tubes are whitish.[4] Members of the genus have a distinctive stipe marked by a coarse reticulate or lacunar (pitted) pattern—most prominent in species native to the western Pacific.[6] The caps are usually dry when young, and sometimes sticky in maturity, with a surface texture ranging from smooth to tomentose to scaly. Microscopically, Austroboletus lacks clamp connections in the hyphae, and the presence of pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia (cystidia on the pore face and edge, respectively) is variable.[7]

Habitat, distribution, and ecology

Members of the genus are found mainly in the tropics, as well as Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia in the southern hemisphere and Japan and North America in the Northern Hemisphere.[6] Two species are found in North America: A. gracilis and A. subflavidus.[3] The majority of Austroboletus species form mycorrhizal relationships with plant species.[4]

Species

(As of December 2023), Index Fungorum lists 38 valid species in the genus Austroboletus.[8]

Image Scientific Name Taxon author Year Distribution
A. albidus Yan C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2021 China (Jiangxi)
A. albovirescens Yan C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2021 China
A. amazonicus A.M. Vasco-Pal. & C. López-Quint. 2014 Colombia
A. appendiculatus Semwal, D. Chakr., K. Das, Indoliya, D. Chakrabarty, S. Adhikari & Karun. 2017 India
A. asper K. Syme, Bonito, T. Lebel, Fechner & Halling 2020 Queensland
A. austrovirens N.A. Fechner, Bougher, Bonito & Halling 2017 Queensland
A. brunneisquamus N.K. Zeng, Chang Xu & S. Jiang 2021 China
A. cornalinus (Perr.-Bertr. & R.Heim) E.Horak 1980 Gabon
A. dictyotus (Boedijn) Wolfe 1980 China (Hunan)
Austroboletus eburneus 418197.jpg A. eburneus Watling & N.M.Greg. 1986 Queensland
A. festivus (Singer) Wolfe 1980 Brazil
Austroboletus fusisporus 1996 0922.jpg A. fusisporus (Kawam. ex Imazeki & Hongo) Wolfe 1980 China (Yunnan)
A. graciliaffinis Singer 1988 north of Brazil and in Colombia and Venezuela
Austroboletus gracilis 258298.jpg A. gracilis (Peck) Wolfe 1980 Mexico to Costa Rica
A. heterospermus (R.Heim & Perr.-Bertr.) Singer 1983
Austroboletus lacunosus (Kuntze) T.W. May & A.E. Wood 856692.jpg A. lacunosus (Kuntze) T.W.May & A.E.Wood 1995 Australia, New caledonia and New Zealand
A. latitubulosus E.Horak 1980 Papua New Guinea
A. malaccensis (Pat. & C.F.Baker) Wolfe 1980
A. mucosus (Corner) Wolfe 1980
A. mutabilis Halling, Osmundson & M.A. Neves 2006 northern Australia
A. neotropicalis Singer, J.García & L.D.Gómez 1991 Costa Rica
Austroboletus occidentalis Watling 878530.jpg A. occidentalis Watling & N.M.Greg. 1986 Western Australia and southeastern Tasmania
A. olivaceobrunneus Yan C. Li & Zhu L. Yang 2021 China
A. olivaceoglutinosus K.Das & Dentinger 2015 India (Sikkim), China (Yunnan)
A. olivaceus Singer 1983
A. purpurascens (Heinem.) E.Horak 1980 Zaire
Austroboletus rarus (Corner) E. Horak 323381.jpg A. rarus (Corner) E.Horak 1980 Singapore and Australia
A. rionegrensis (Singer & I.J.Araujo) Singer 1983 Brazil.
Austroboletus roseialbus 577509.jpg A. roseialbus N.A. Fechner, Bonito, T. Lebel & Halling 2017 eastern New South Wales
2021-07-24 Austroboletus rostrupii (Syd. & P. Syd.) E. Horak 1356943.jpg A. rostrupii (Syd. & P.Syd.) E.Horak 1980 Thailand, Singapore
A. rubiicolor (Corner) E.Horak 1980 Singapore
A. schichianus (Teng & L.Ling) E.Horak 1980 China
Austroboletus subflavidus 436542.jpg A. subflavidus (Murrill) Wolfe 1980 United States(New Jersey to Florida and Texas) and Central America
Austroboletus subvirens オオヤシャイグチ PA029721.jpg A. subvirens (Hongo) Wolfe 1980 Japan, Papua New Guinea
A. trinitatensis Wolfe 1988
A. tristis (Pat. & C.F.Baker) Wolfe 1980
A. viscidoviridis N.A. Fechner, Bonito, T. Lebel & Halling 2017 Queensland
A. yourkae F.E. Guard, McMull.-Fish., Van Wyk, T. Lebel & Halling 2021 Queensland

References

  1. Wolfe CB. (1979). "Austroboletus and Tylopilus subgenus Porphyrellus, with emphasis on North American taxa". Bibliotheca Mycologica 69: 1–148. ISBN 978-3-7682-1251-9. https://archive.org/details/austroboletustyl0000wolf/page/1. 
  2. Boedijn KB. (1960). "The Strobilomycetaceae of Indonesia". Persoonia 1 (3): 315–18. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/61056/0001/003/0315.htm. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 North American Boletes: A Color Guide to the Fleshy Pored Mushrooms. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. 2000. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-8156-0588-1. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Molecular phylogenetic analyses redefine seven major clades and reveal 22 new generic clades in the fungal family Boletaceae". Fungal Diversity 69 (1): 93–115. 2014. doi:10.1007/s13225-014-0283-8. 
  5. Kuo M. "Boletellus and Austroboletus". MushroomExpert.Com. http://www.mushroomexpert.com/boletellus.html. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Austroboletus mutabilis sp nov from northern Queensland". Muelleria 24: 31–36. 2006. doi:10.5962/p.291583. http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/documents/Muelleria_24_p31-36_Halling_et_a__Austroboletus_mutabilis.pdf. 
  7. The Macrofungus Flora of China's Guangdong Province. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. 1993. p. 458. 
  8. Kirk PM.. "Species Fungorum (version 17 December 2023).". https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q1934080 entry