Biology:Bairdemys

Bairdemys is an extinct genus of side-necked turtles in the family Podocnemididae. The genus existed from the Late Oligocene to Late Miocene and its fossils have been found in South Carolina, Puerto Rico, Panama and Venezuela. The genus was described in 2002 by Gaffney & Wood and the type species is B. hartsteini.

Taxonomy

Bairdemys belonged to the Stereogenyini, a tribe of the subfamily Erymnochelyinae that had adapted to coastal marine habitats and was successful from the late Oligocene through much of the Neogene. This tribe was primarily diverse along the coastlines of the Tethys (and later Indian) ocean of Africa and Asia, with Bairdemys being the only genus inhabiting the coastlines of the western Atlantic Ocean along the Americas. The separation between the Afro-Asian Stereogenyita and the American Bairdemydita (containing only Bairdemys) appears to have occurred at the start of the Late Oligocene.

Description

The first species in the genus described was B. venezuelensis as Podocnemis venezuelensis by Wood and Díaz de Gamero in 1971.

Species

• †B. hartsteini Gaffney & Wood 2002
• †B. healeyorum Weems & Knight 2013
• †B. sanchezi Gaffney et al. 2008
• †B. thalassica Ferreira et al. 2015
• †B. venezuelensis Wood & Díaz 1971
• †B. winklerae Gaffney et al. 2008

Phylogeny

Bairdemys was placed phylogenetically by Ferreira et al. in 2015.

Distribution

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Bairdemys fossil locations
10px Urumaco Formation
10px Alajuela Formation
10px Capadare & Castillo Formations
10px Cibao Formation
10px Chandler Bridge Formation

Fossils of Bairdemys have been found in:

Late Oligocene

• Chandler Bridge Formation, Arikareean, South Carolina

Early-Mid Miocene

• Cibao Formation, Hemingfordian, Puerto Rico
• El Miedo Cave, Capadare and Castillo Formations, Laventan, Venezuela

Late Miocene

• Alajuela Formation, earliest Clarendonian, Panama
• Urumaco Formation, Chasicoan, Venezuela

See also

• Carbonemys
• Stupendemys

References

Bibliography

• Domning, D.P (1997), "Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean Region. VI. Crenatosiren olseni (Reinhart, 1976)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17 (2): 397–412, doi:10.1080/02724634.1997.10010984, Bibcode: 1997JVPal..17..397D, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254313640, retrieved 2019-02-20 
• Ferreira, Gabriel S.; Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; Langer, Max C. (2015), "The last marine pelomedusoids (Testudines: Pleurodira): a new species of Bairdemys and the paleoecology of Stereogenyina", PeerJ 3: 1–29, doi:10.7717/peerj.1063, PMID 26157628, PMC 4493680, https://peerj.com/articles/1063.pdf, retrieved 2019-02-20 
• Gaffney, E.S.; Scheyer, T.M.; Johnson, K.G.; Bocquetin, J.; Aguilera, O.A. (2008), "Two new species of the side necked turtle genus, Bairdemys (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae), from the Miocene of Venezuela", Paläontologische Zeitschrift 82 (2): 209–229, doi:10.1007/BF02988411, Bibcode: 2008PalZ...82..209G, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226504310, retrieved 2019-02-20 
• Gaffney, Eugene S.; Wood, Roger C. (2008), "Bairdemys, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Podocnemididae) from the Miocene of the Caribbean", American Museum Novitates (3359): 1–28, doi:10.1206/607.1, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.575.7289&rep=rep1&type=pdf, retrieved 2019-02-20 
• Lundberg, J.G.; Aguilera, O.A. (2003), "The late Miocene Phractocephalus catfish (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from Urumaco, Venezuela: additional specimens and reinterpretation as a distinct species", Neotropical Ichthyology 1 (2): 97–109, doi:10.1590/S1679-62252003000200004, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238068190, retrieved 2019-02-20 
• MacFadden, Bruce J.; Jones, Douglas S.; Jud, Nathan A.; Moreno Bernal, Jorge W.; Morgan, Gary S.; Portell, Roger W.; Pérez, Victor J.; Moran, Sean M. et al. (2017), "Integrated Chronology, Flora and Faunas, and Paleoecology of the Alajuela Formation, Late Miocene of Panama", PLoS ONE 12 (1): 1–27, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170300, PMID 28107398, Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1270300M 
• MacPhee, R.D.E.; Wyss, A.R. (1990), "Oligo-Miocene vertebrates from Puerto Rico, with a catalog of localities", American Museum Novitates (2965): 1–45, http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5121?show=full, retrieved 2019-02-20 
• Sánchez Villagra, M.R.; Burnham, R.J.; Campbell, D.C.; Feldmann, R.M.; Gaffney, E.S.; Kay, R.S.; Lozsan, R.; Purdy, R. et al. (2000), "A new near-shore marine fauna and flora from the early Neogene of northwestern Venezuela", Journal of Paleontology 74 (5): 957–968, doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2000)074<0957:ANNSMF>2.0.CO;2, Bibcode: 2000JPal...74..957S, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305884262, retrieved 2019-02-20 
• Scheyer, T.M.; Delfino, M. (2016), "The late Miocene caimanine fauna (Crocodylia: Alligatoroidea) of the Urumaco Formation, Venezuela", Palaeontologia Electronica 19: 1–57, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316507002, retrieved 2019-02-20 
• Scheyer, T.M.; Aguilera, O.A.; Delfino, M.; Fortier, D.C.; Carlini, A.A.; Sánchez, R.; Carrillo Briceño, J.D.; Quiroz, L. et al. (2013), "Crocodylian diversity peak and extinction in the late Cenozoic of the northern Neotropics", Nature Communications 4: 1–9, doi:10.1038/ncomms2940, PMID 23695701, Bibcode: 2013NatCo...4.1907S, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236929713, retrieved 2019-02-20 

Further reading

• Wood, R.C.; Díaz, M.L. (1971), "Podocnemis venezuelensis, a new fossil pelomedusid (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Pliocene of Venezuela and a review of the history of Podocnemis in South America", Breviora 376: 1–23 

Wikidata ☰ Q21356524 entry