Earth:Chandler Bridge Formation

From HandWiki
Chandler Bridge Formation
Stratigraphic range: Chattian (Arikareean)
~27–24 Ma
↓
TypeFormation
Unit ofCooper Group
UnderliesEdisto Formation
OverliesAshley Formation
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
Location
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 32°48′N 79°48′W / 32.8°N 79.8°W / 32.8; -79.8
Paleocoordinates [ ⚑ ] 32°54′N 74°12′W / 32.9°N 74.2°W / 32.9; -74.2
RegionSouth Carolina
CountryUnited States
Type section
Named forChandler Bridge
Lua error in Module:Location_map/multi at line 27: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/South Carolina" does not exist.

The Chandler Bridge Formation is a geologic formation in South Carolina. It preserves fossils dating back to the Chattian (Late Oligocene) of the Paleogene period, corresponding to the Arikareean in the NALMA classification.[1] The formation overlies the Ashley Formation and is overlain by the Edisto Formation.[2]

Vertebrate paleofauna

Mammals

Carnivorans

Carnivorans reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Phocidae Gen. et. sp. indeterminate Proximal portion of a right femur (ChM PV5712).[3] "A taxon closely comparable to the most specialized phocid, the modern genus Cystophora".

Cetaceans

Cetaceans reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Agorophiidae Upper sandy unit.[4] Referred to as Genus Y.
Agorophius A. sp. "ChM PV 4256 (a partial skull and mandible with isolated teeth and associated postcrania)".[5] An odontocete.
Ankylorhiza A. tiedemani Partial skeleton (CCNHM 103).[6] An odontocete also found in the Ashley and Belgrade formations.
Coronodon C. newtonorum A manmade exposure in the vicinity of North Charleston, South Carolina.[7] Partial skeleton (ChM PV 2778).[7] A toothed mysticete.
C. planifrons Drainage ditch in North Charleston, South Carolina.[7] Partial skeleton (CCNHM 166) & isolated upper right M3 (CCNHM 8732).[7] A toothed mysticete.
Cotylocara C. macei [8] A xenorophid.
Echovenator E. sandersi "Drainage ditch associated with Limehouse Branch Creek, Berkeley County, South Carolina".[9] A nearly-complete skull.[9] A xenorophid.
Eomysticetus E. carolinensis Bed 2.[10] A mysticete.
E whitmorei Bed 3, uppermost portion of the formation.[10] A mysticete.
cf. Eurhinodelphinidae Upper sandy unit.[4]
cf. Squalodelphinidae Upper sandy unit.[4]
Squalodon A premolar (BCGM 9198).[11]

Sirenians

Sirenians reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Crenatosiren C. olseni [12] A dugongid also known from the Ashley and Parachucla formations.
Metaxytherium M. albifontanum Remains of a subadult individual (SC 89.115) and a young adult individual (ChM PV4757).[13] A dugongid also found in the Parachucla Formation.
Priscosiren P. atlantica SC 89.254.[14] A dugongid.
Stegosiren S. macei [15] A dugongid also found in the Ashley Formation.

Reptiles

Birds

Template:Paleobiota-key-compact

Birds reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Palaeochenoides P. mioceanus Distal end of a tarsometatarsus.[16] A dubious pelagornithid, may instead be from the Cooper Formation.
Pelagornis P. sandersi Bed 2 near Charleston Airport.[17] A pelagornithid.
Sulidae Upper sandy unit.[4]
Tympanonesiotes T. wetmorei A very fragmentary piece of tarsometatarsus.[16] A dubious pelagornithid, may instead be from the Cooper Formation.

Crocodilians

Crocodilians reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Gavialosuchus G. carolinensis A tooth (BCGM 9197).[11] Now moved to the genus Thecachampsa.[18]
Thecachampsa T. carolinensis A tooth (BCGM 9197).[11] A gavialid.

Testudines

Testudines reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Ashleychelys A. palmeri Multiple specimens.[19] A cheloniid also found in the Ashley Formation.
Bairdemys B. healeyorum A largely complete skeleton and a partial anterior carapace.[20] A podocnemid.
Carolinochelys C. wilsoni Upper sandy unit.[4] Multiple specimens.[19] A cheloniid.
cf. Egyptemys cf. E. sp. Bed 1.[21] CCNHM 4289 (a ridged carapacial ossicle).[21] A dermochelyid.
Natemys N. sp. 1 CCNHM 4405.1–4405.5 (five associated non-ridged carapacial ossicles); CCNHM 5540, 5541, and 5542 (three non-ridged carapacial ossicles).[21] A dermochelyid, also known from the Ashley Formation.
Procolpochelys P. charlestonensis ChM PV6056 (a largely complete carapace associated with a few fragmentary vertebrae, pectoral girdle elements, humerus, and femur) and a skull fragment.[19] A cheloniid.
cf. Psephophorus cf. P. sp. Bed 1.[21] CCNHM 5543 (an isolated ridged ossicle).[21] A dermochelyid, also found in the Ashley Formation.

Fish

Bony fish

Template:Paleobiota-key-compact

Bony Fish reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Aglyptorhynchus A. sp. 2 isolated vertebral centra.[11]
Cylindracanthus C. sp. Upper sandy unit.[4] A billfish.
Histiophorus H. rotundus ChM PV4864.[22] A swordfish, now reassigned to Xiphiorhynchus.[22]
Xiphiorhynchus X. cf. X. aegyptiacus "McKewn Subdivision, North Charleston, Dorchester County, South Carolina".[4] A partial rostrum.[4] A swordfish.
X. rotundus ChM PV4864.[22] A swordfish.

Rays

Rays reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Anoxypristis A single rostral spine.[11] A sawfish.
Dasyatidae Dasyatidae gen. et. sp. indet. Teeth (BCGM 9100 and 9101, SC 2009.18.19).[11] A stingray.
Dasyatis D. cavernosa Teeth (BCGM 9096, 9097, and 9103, SC 2009.18.17).[11] A stingray.
D. rugosa BCGM 9098 and 9099, SC 2009.18.18.[11] A stingray.
Gymnura G. sp. A tooth (BCGM 9107).[11] A butterfly ray.
Mobula M. cf. M. loupianensis BCGM 9133–9142, SC 2009.18.20.[11]
Myliobatinae Myliobatinae gen. indet. Partial medial teeth and complete lateral teeth (BCGM 9114–9117, SC 2009.18.22).[11] An eagle ray.
Paramobula P. fragilis Teeth (BCGM 9111–9113, SC 2009.18.21).[11]
Plinthicus P. stenodon Upper sandy unit.[4] BCGM 9118–9121, SC 2009.18.23[11] The oldest record of this species.
Raja Raja mccollumi "Summerville, Dorchester County, South Carolina".[11] Teeth.[11] A skate also found in the Ashley Formation.
R. sp. Teeth (BCGM 9087–9089, SC 2009.18.16).[11] A skate with teeth twice as large as those of R. mccollumi, but far less common.[11]
Rhinoptera R. cf. R. studeri Teeth (BCGM 9122 and 9123, SC 2009.18.24).[11] A cownose ray.
R. sp. Upper sandy unit.[4] A cownose ray.
Rhynchobatus R. pristinus Teeth (BCGM 9084–9086, SC 2009.18.14).[11] A wedgefish.

Sharks

Sharks reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Alopias A. cf. A. vulpinus Teeth (BCGM 9046–9048, SC 2009.18.3).[11] A thresher shark.
Bythaelurus B. sp. A fragmentary tooth (BCGM 9074).[11] A catshark.
Carcharias C. cuspidatus Teeth (BCGM 9051 and 9052).[11] A sand shark.
C. sp. A posterior tooth (BCGM 9053) and a lateral tooth from a very young individual (BCGM 9054).[11] A sand shark.
Carcharhinus C. gibbesi BCGM 9056–9062, SC 2009.18.6.[11] The most abundant non-batoid elasmobranch in the Chandler Bridge sample.[11]
C. leucas Upper sandy unit.[4] The bull shark.
Carcharocles C. angustidens Upper sandy unit.[4] Teeth.[23] Reassigned to the genus Otodus.
C. sp. Teeth (BCGM 9055, SC 2009.18.5).[11] Reassigned to the genus Otodus.
Cetorhinus ?C. parvus Scales (BCGM 9049 and 9050, SC 2009.18.4).[11] A basking shark.
Galeocerdo G. 'casei' Upper sandy unit.[4]
Galeorhinus G. sp. Teeth (BCGM 9080–9083, SC 2009.18.13).[11] A houndshark.
Hemipristis H. serra Teeth (BCGM 9071–9073, SC 2009.18.10).[11] A weasel shark.
Nebrius N. cf. N. serra A tooth (SC 2009.18.1).[11] A nurse shark.
Otodus O. angustidens Upper sandy unit.[4] Teeth.[23] Assemblages dominated by teeth of juveniles and neonates, with few adults present, suggesting a nursery area for the species.[23]
O. sp. Teeth (BCGM 9055, SC 2009.18.5).[11] A megatooth shark.
Physogaleus P. aduncus Teeth (BCGM 9063–9066, SC 2009.18.7).[11] A ground shark.
P. contortus Upper sandy unit.[4] A ground shark.
P. sp. Broken and/or abraded teeth (BCGM 9067 and 9068, SC 2009.18.8).[11] A ground shark.
Rhincodon R. cf. R. typus Teeth (BCGM 9044 and 9045, SC 2009.18.2).[11] The oldest fossil record of the whale shark.
Rhizoprionodon R. sp. Small, imperfectly preserved teeth (BCGM 9069 and 9070, SC 2009.18.9).[11] A sharpnose shark.
Sphyrna S. cf. S. media BCGM 9075–9077, SC 2009.18.11.[11] A hammerhead shark.
S. zygaena BCGM 9078 and 9079, SC 2009.18.12.[11] The more common of the two hammerhead shark species found in the formation.[11]
Squatina S. cf. S. angeloides BCGM 9042 and 9043.[11] An angelshark.

See also

  • List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Carolina
  • Paleontology in South Carolina

References

  1. ↑ Chandler Bridge Formation at Fossilworks.org
  2. ↑ Albright et al., 2019, p.84
  3. ↑ J., Ray, Clayton Edward. Emry, Robert (2002). Cenozoic mammals of land and sea: tributes to the career of Clayton E. Ray. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 179–183. OCLC 1035595001. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267408194. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 McCuen, William; Ishimori, Aika; Boessenecker, Robert (2020-07-13). "A New Specimen of Xiphiorhynchus sp. cf. aegyptiacus (Istiophoriformes, Xiphioidei, Xiphiidae) and Billfish Diversity in the Oligocene of South Carolina". Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology 8: 98–104. doi:10.18435/vamp29367. ISSN 2292-1389. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344408980. 
  5. ↑ Boessenecker, Robert W.; Geisler, Jonathan H. (2018-09-28). "New records of the archaic dolphin Agorophius (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the upper Oligocene Chandler Bridge Formation of South Carolina, USA". PeerJ 6: e5290. doi:10.7287/peerj.5290v0.1/reviews/2. PMID 30280011. 
  6. ↑ Boessenecker, Robert W.; Churchill, Morgan; Buchholtz, Emily A.; Beatty, Brian L.; Geisler, Jonathan H. (2020-08-17). "Convergent Evolution of Swimming Adaptations in Modern Whales Revealed by a Large Macrophagous Dolphin from the Oligocene of South Carolina" (in en). Current Biology 30 (16): 3267–3273.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.012. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 32649912. Bibcode: 2020CBio...30E3267B. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Boessenecker, Robert.W; Beatty, Brian.L.; Geiser, Johnathan.H. (April 2023). "New specimens and species of the Oligocene toothed baleen whale Coronodon from South Carolina and the origin of Neoceti". Palaeontology and Evolutionary Science 11. doi:10.7717/peerj.14795. https://peerj.com/articles/14795. 
  8. ↑ Geisler, Jonathan H.; Colbert, Matthew W.; Carew, James L. (April 2014). "A new fossil species supports an early origin for toothed whale echolocation". Nature 508 (7496): 383–386. doi:10.1038/nature13086. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 24670659. Bibcode: 2014Natur.508..383G. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13086. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Churchill, Morgan; Martinez-Caceres, Manuel; de Muizon, Christian; Mnieckowski, Jessica; Geisler, Jonathan H. (2016-08-22). "The Origin of High-Frequency Hearing in Whales" (in en). Current Biology 26 (16): 2144–2149. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.004. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 27498568. Bibcode: 2016CBio...26.2144C. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Sanders, A. E.; Barnes, L. G. (2002-09-14). "Paleontology of the late Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge Formations of South Carolina, 3: Eomysticetidae, a new family of primitive mysticetes" (in en). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 93: 313–356. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/266341#page/321/mode/1up. 
  11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.20 11.21 11.22 11.23 11.24 11.25 11.26 11.27 11.28 11.29 11.30 11.31 11.32 11.33 11.34 11.35 11.36 11.37 11.38 "Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" (in en). https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app20080077.html. 
  12. ↑ Domning, Daryl P. (1997-06-19). "Fossil Sirenia of the west Atlantic and Caribbean region. VI. Crenatosiren olseni (Reinhart, 1976)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17 (2): 397–412. doi:10.1080/02724634.1997.10010984. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 1997JVPal..17..397D. 
  13. ↑ VÉLEZ-JUARBE, JORGE; DOMNING, DARYL P. (2014). "Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean Region. Ix. Metaxytherium Albifontanum, Sp. Nov". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (2): 444–464. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.799072. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 2014JVPal..34..444V. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24523238. 
  14. ↑ Vélez-Juarbe, Jorge; Domning, Daryl P. (2014-06-07). "Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region: X. Priscosiren atlantica, gen. et sp. nov.". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (4): 951–964. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.815192. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 2014JVPal..34..951V. 
  15. ↑ Domning, Daryl P.; Beatty, Brian L. (October 2019). "Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean Region. XII. Stegosiren macei, gen. et sp. nov.". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 39 (3). doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1650369. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 2019JVPal..39E0369D. https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-vertebrate-paleontology/volume-39/issue-3/02724634.2019.1650369/Fossil-Sirenia-of-the-West-Atlantic-and-Caribbean-Region-XII/10.1080/02724634.2019.1650369.full. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Olsen, Storrs L. (1985). Avian Biology, Vol. Vlll: Chapter 2 - THE FOSSIL RECORD OF BIRDS - Smithsonian Institution. Academic Press. pp. 79–252. ISBN 0-12-249408-3. https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/6553/VZ_167_Fossil_Record_of_Birds.pdf. 
  17. ↑ Ksepka, Daniel T. (2014-07-22). "Flight performance of the largest volant bird" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 (29): 10624–10629. doi:10.1073/pnas.1320297111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 25002475. Bibcode: 2014PNAS..11110624K. 
  18. ↑ Paolo, Piras. Phylogenetic position of the crocodylian megadontosuchus arduini and tomistomine palaeobiogeography.. OCLC 631972719. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279594733. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Weems, Robert E.; Sanders, Albert E. (January 2014). "Oligocene pancheloniid sea turtles from the vicinity of Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A.". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (1): 80–99. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.792826. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 2014JVPal..34...80W. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263409112. 
  20. ↑ Palaeontology), Gaffney Turtle Symposium (2009 : Royal Tyrrell Museum of (2013). Morphology and evolution of turtles: proceedings of the Gaffney Turtle Symposium (2009) in honor of Eugene S. Gaffney. Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-4308-3. OCLC 1107732024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236019551. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 Fallon, Bailey; Boessenecker, Robert (2020). "Multispecies leatherback assemblage from the Chandler Bridge and Ashley formations (Oligocene) of South Carolina, USA". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 65. doi:10.4202/app.00740.2020. ISSN 0567-7920. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Monsch, Kenneth A.; Fierstine, Harry L.; Weems, Robert E. (2005-06-27). "Taxonomic revision and stratigraphic provenance of '†Histiophorus rotundus' Woodward 1901 (Teleostei, Perciformes)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (2): 274–279. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0274:traspo2.0.co;2]. ISSN 0272-4634. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249023506. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Miller, A. E.; Gibson, M. L.; Boessenecker, R. W. (2021). "A megatoothed shark (Carcharocles angustidens) nursery in the Oligocene Charleston Embayment, South Carolina, USA". Palaeontologia Electronica 24 (2): Article number 24.2.a19. doi:10.26879/1148. 

Bibliography



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Earth:Chandler_Bridge_Formation&oldid=4160151"