Biology:Carnotaurinae
| Carnotaurines | |
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| Mounted cast of a Carnotaurus sastrei skeleton, Chlupáč Museum, Prague | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | Saurischia |
| Clade: | Theropoda |
| Family: | †Abelisauridae |
| Subfamily: | †Carnotaurinae Sereno, 1998 |
| Type species | |
| †Carnotaurus sastrei Bonaparte, 1985
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| Subgroups | |
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See text. | |
Carnotaurinae is a subfamily of the theropod dinosaur family Abelisauridae. It includes the dinosaurs Aucasaurus (from Argentina ), Carnotaurus (from Argentina). The group was first proposed by American paleontologist Paul Sereno in 1998, defined as a clade containing all abelisaurids more closely related to Carnotaurus than to Majungasaurus.[1]
Classification
- Subfamily Carnotaurinae[2]
- Brachyrostra
- Ekrixinatosaurus (Argentina)[3]
- Elemgasem (Argentina)[4]
- Guemesia (Argentina)[5]
- Ilokelesia (Argentina)[3]
- Niebla (Argentina)[5]
- Skorpiovenator (Argentina)[3]
- Thanos (Brazil)[6]
- Furileusauria
- Llukalkan (Argentina)
- Viavenator (Argentina)
- Pycnonemosaurus (Brazil)
- Quilmesaurus (Argentina)[7]
- Carnotaurini
- Carnotaurus (Argentina)
- Abelisaurinae
- Aucasaurus (Argentina)
- Abelisaurus (Argentina)
- Brachyrostra
Phylogeny
In 2008, Canale et al. published a phylogenetic analysis focusing on the South American carnotaurines. In their results, they found that all South American forms (including Ilokelesia) grouped together as a sub-clade of Carnotaurinae, which they named Brachyrostra, meaning "short snouts." They defined the clade Brachyrostra as "all the abelisaurids more closely related to Carnotaurus sastrei than to Majungasaurus crenatissimus."[3]
| Carnotaurinae |
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An analysis conducted by Tortosa et al. in 2013 moved several carnotaurine taxa into the newly named Majungasaurinae, and moved many abelisaurids into Carnotaurini.
| Abelisauridae |
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Carnotaurinae in cladogram according to Wang et al. 2017.[8]
| Abelisauridae |
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See also
References
- ↑ Sereno, Paul C. (10 November 1998). "A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 210 (1): 41–83. doi:10.1127/njgpa/210/1998/41.
- ↑ Delcourt, Rafael (27 June 2018). "Ceratosaur palaeobiology: new insights on evolution and ecology of the southern rulers". Scientific Reports 8 (1): 9730. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28154-x. PMID 29950661. Bibcode: 2018NatSR...8.9730D.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Canale, Juan I.; Scanferla, Carlos A.; Agnolin, Federico L.; Novas, Fernando E. (5 December 2008). "New carnivorous dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of NW Patagonia and the evolution of abelisaurid theropods". Naturwissenschaften 96 (3): 409–414. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0487-4. PMID 19057888. Bibcode: 2009NW.....96..409C.
- ↑ Baiano, Mattia A.; Pol, Diego; Bellardini, Flavio; Windholz, Guillermo J.; Cerda, Ignacio A.; Garrido, Alberto C.; Coria, Rodolfo A (2022-09-05). "Elemgasem nubilus: a new brachyrostran abelisaurid (Theropoda, Ceratosauria) from the Portezuelo Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia, Argentina". Papers in Palaeontology 8 (5): e1462. doi:10.1002/spp2.1462.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Agnolín, Federico L.; Cerroni, Mauricio A.; Scanferla, Agustín; Goswami, Anjali; Paulina-Carabajal, Ariana; Halliday, Thomas; Cuff, Andrew R.; Reuil, Santiago (2022-02-10). "First definitive abelisaurid theropod from the Late Cretaceous of Northwestern Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 41 (4): e2002348. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.2002348. ISSN 0272-4634. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2021.2002348.
- ↑ Delcourt, Rafael; Iori, Fabiano Vidoi (16 November 2018). "A new Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from São José do Rio Preto Formation, Upper Cretaceous of Brazil and comments on the Bauru Group fauna". Historical Biology 32 (7): 917–924. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1546700.
- ↑ Tortosa, Thierry; Buffetaut, Eric; Vialle, Nicolas; Dutour, Yves; Turini, Eric; Cheylan, Gilles (January 2014). "A new abelisaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of southern France: Palaeobiogeographical implications". Annales de Paléontologie 100 (1): 63–86. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2013.10.003.
- ↑ Wang, Shuo; Stiegler, Josef; Amiot, Romain; Wang, Xu; Du, Guo-hao; Clark, James M.; Xu, Xing (January 2017). "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod". Current Biology 27 (1): 144–148. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043. ISSN 0960-9822.
Further reading
- Sampson, S. D. (15 May 1998). "Predatory Dinosaur Remains from Madagascar: Implications for the Cretaceous Biogeography of Gondwana". Science 280 (5366): 1048–1051. doi:10.1126/science.280.5366.1048. PMID 9582112. Bibcode: 1998Sci...280.1048S. http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/45e8/c38b33bafbb7893fb97c771450bf013481b5.pdf.
- Lamanna, Matthew C.; Martínez, Rubén D.; Smith, Joshua B. (14 March 2002). "A definitive abelisaurid theropod dinosaur from the early Late Cretaceous of Patagonia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 (1): 58–69. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0058:ADATDF2.0.CO;2].
Wikidata ☰ Q134391 entry
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