Biology:Chlorurus frontalis

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Short description: Species of ray-finned fishes

Chlorurus frontalis
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Labriformes
Family: Scaridae
Genus: Chlorurus
Species:
C. frontalis
Binomial name
Chlorurus frontalis
(Valenciennes, 1840)
Synonyms
  • Scarus frontalis Valenciennes, 1840

Chlorurus frontalis, also known as Pacific slopehead parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish from the family Scaridae.[2][3]

Distribution

At the Cook Islands

The main habitat of this species is in north to the Ryukyu Islands to the Line and Ducie islands and south to the Great Barrier Reef, Pacific Ocean.[2][4]

This species is also found in Wake Island,[5] Tonga,[6] Tahiti,[7] Solomon Island, Pitcairn Island,[8] Samoa,[9] Papua New Guinea,[10] Northern Marianas,[11] Marshall Islands,[11] Palau,[5] New Caledonia,[12] Micronesia,[13] French Polynesia,[14] Kiribati,[11] Palau,[5] Guam,[11] Cook Island,[15] Australia,[16] American Samoa,[9] Taiwan,[17] Vietnam,[18] Japan,[19] Philippines,[11] Palau,[5] Coral Sea,[20] Kuroshio Current,[21] Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea,[22] South China Sea,[23] Yellow Sea,[23] and Tubbataha Reefs.[24][25]

Description

Chlorurus frontalis has nine dorsal spines, ten dorsal soft rays, three anal spines and nine anal soft rays. Coloration changes slowly with growth. The light green patch on the caudal peduncle is present on individuals as small as 15 cm (5.9 in) and the distinctive tan facial markings are on most individuals above 20 cm (7.9 in). Large males develop a near-vertical forehead profile and long lobes and a well-developed lunate caudal fin.[26][27][2]

Biology and environment

Biology

This species is often seen in small schools on exposed reef flats and seaward reefs.[28] They feed on benthic algae.[29]

Environment

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Chlorurus frontalis in a reef

It is a tropical, marine, reef-associated fish. This species is usually found 10m to 40m below sea level. Its ideal range is between 30°N to 25°S.[30]

Reproduction

This species is monogamous and oviparous. They pair up distinctly during breeding.[31][32][33][34]

Relationship with humans

This species is sometimes kept in aquariums.[2] There have been reports of ciguatera poisoning after eating the fish.[35]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Choat, J.H.; Carpenter, K.E.; Clements, K.D.; Rocha, L.A.; Russell, B.; Myers, R.; Lazuardi, M.E.; Muljadi, A. et al. (2012). "Chlorurus frontalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T190762A17775510.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/190762/17775510. Retrieved 30 January 2025. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2025). "Chlorurus frontalis" in FishBase. January 2025 version.
  3. ↑ Bailly, Nicolas (2008). "Chlorurus frontalis (Valenciennes, 1840)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=277506. 
  4. ↑ "Reference Summary - Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?ID=9710. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Reference Summary - Myers, R.F., 1999". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=37816&speccode=5547. 
  6. ↑ "Reference Summary - Randall, J.E., J.T. Williams, D.G. Smith, M. Kulbicki, G.M. Tham, P. Labrosse, M. Kronen, E. Clua and B.S. Mann, 2003". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=53797&speccode=5547. 
  7. ↑ "Reference Summary - Randall, J.E., 1997". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=28618&speccode=5547. 
  8. ↑ "Reference Summary - Friedlander, A.M., J.E. Caselle, E. Ballesteros, E.K. Brown, A. Turchik and E. Sala, 2014". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121505&speccode=5547. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Reference Summary - Wass, R.C., 1984". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=592&speccode=5547. 
  10. ↑ "Reference Summary - Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann, 2012". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90102&speccode=5547. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 "Reference Summary - Myers, R.F., 1991". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602&speccode=5547. 
  12. ↑ "Reference Summary - Kulbicki, M., J.E. Randall and J. Rivaton, 1994". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11897&speccode=5547. 
  13. ↑ "Reference Summary - Smith, A. and P. Dalzell, 1993". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3807&speccode=5547. 
  14. ↑ "Reference Summary - Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre, 2006". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=89972&speccode=5547. 
  15. ↑ "Reference Summary - McCormack, G., 2000". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34027&speccode=5547. 
  16. ↑ "Reference Summary - Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen, 2006". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75154&speccode=5547. 
  17. ↑ "Reference Summary - Shao, K.-T., S.-C. Shen, T.-S. Chiu and C.-S. Tzeng, 1992". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4868&speccode=5547. 
  18. ↑ "Reference Summary - Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58534&speccode=5547. 
  19. ↑ "Reference Summary - Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&speccode=5547. 
  20. ↑ "Reference Summary - Myers, R.F., 1991". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602. 
  21. ↑ "Reference Summary - Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559. 
  22. ↑ "Reference Summary - Dantis, A.L. and P.M. Aliño (comps.), 2002". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45419. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Reference Summary - Shao, K.-T., S.-C. Shen, T.-S. Chiu and C.-S. Tzeng, 1992". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4868. 
  24. ↑ "Reference Summary - Songco, A., 2019". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121724. 
  25. ↑ "Country List - Chlorurus frontalis". https://fishbase.se/country/CountryList.php?ID=5547&GenusName=Chlorurus&SpeciesName=frontalis. 
  26. ↑ "Reference Summary - Myers, R.F., 1991". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1602. 
  27. ↑ "Morphology Summary - Chlorurus frontalis". https://fishbase.se/physiology/MorphDataSummary.php?genusname=Chlorurus&speciesname=frontalis&autoctr=3399. 
  28. ↑ "Reference Summary - Myers, R.F., 1991". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?ID=1602. 
  29. ↑ "Reference Summary - Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre, 2006". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?ID=89972. 
  30. ↑ "Reference Summary - Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?ID=9710. 
  31. ↑ "Reference Summary - Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen, 1966". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?ID=205. 
  32. ↑ "Reproduction Summary - Chlorurus frontalis". https://fishbase.se/Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5547&GenusName=Chlorurus&SpeciesName=frontalis&fc=364&StockCode=5837. 
  33. ↑ "Reference Summary - SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations, 2018". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118580. 
  34. ↑ "Reference Summary - Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen, 1966". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205. 
  35. ↑ "Reference Summary - Rongo, T. and R. van Woesik, 2011". https://fishbase.se/references/FBRefSummary.php?ID=130160. 

 This article incorporates text by FishBase available under the CC BY 4.0 license.


Wikidata ☰ Q2895944 entry



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