Biology:Chlorurus perspicillatus
| Chlorurus perspicillatus | |
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| Terminal phase | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Labriformes |
| Family: | Scaridae |
| Genus: | Chlorurus |
| Species: | C. perspicillatus
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| Binomial name | |
| Chlorurus perspicillatus (Steindachner, 1879)
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Chlorurus perspicillatus, known officially by the English name, spectacled parrotfish, given by professional ichthyologists and Ichthyology or uhu-uliuli as a well-established Hawaiian name for many hundreds of years, is a species of marine fish in the family Scaridae.[3] Found only in the Eastern Central Pacific Hawaiian Islands, it inhabits lagoons and seaward reefs[4]
Description
This species can reach 30 centimeters (1 foot) in length and has a blunt oval-shaped head, square tail, and smooth jaws. The species vary in color with males being primarily blue with thin bright pink scale edges that layer the head, while females are dark purple-grey in color with red fins and a white section on the tail where it meets the rest of the body.[5] These fish commonly start life as female and transition to male over the span of their lives, which usually brings along a color or pattern change.[6]
Young fish are brown with white dots and three white stripes and can reach a maximum size of 24 inches length when fully grown.[7]
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Biology
The spectacled parrotfish inhabits coral and seaward reefs to depths of 60 meters.[8] They help maintain the health of coral reefs by their herbivorous diet of algae, keeping it from overgrowing.[9] Unlike other species of parrotfish, the spectacled parrotfish tend to stay independent or are sometimes found in small groups.[10]
It has been known to hybridize with Chlorurus sordidus.[2]
They have been recorded living for up to 18 years.[11]
Conservation status
This species is endemic to Hawaii. They currently face a recreational and commercial overfishing threat[8] which has declined their population in the Hawaiian Islands.[12]
References
- ↑ Choat, J.H.; Carpenter, K.E.; Clements, K.D.; Rocha, L.A.; Russell, B.; Lazuardi, M.E.; Myers, R.; Muljadi, A. et al. (2012). "Chlorurus perspicillatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T190718A17794587.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/190718/17794587. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). "Chlorurus perspicillatus" in FishBase. August 2019 version.
- ↑ "Chlorurus perspicillatus. uhu uliuli. spectacled parrotfish - Fishes of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park". botany.hawaii.edu. 2014. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/basch/uhnpscesu/htms/kahofish/fish_pops/scarid/parrot01.htm.
- ↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chlorurus perspicillatus (Steindachner, 1879)". marinespecies.org. 2014. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=277509.
- ↑ "Spectacled Parrotfish, Chlorurus perspicillatus". https://www.marinelifephotography.com/fishes/parrotfishes/chlorurus-perspicillatus.htm.
- ↑ "Uhu Spectacled Parrotfish, Hawaii - Hawaii Pictures" (in en-US). 2012-06-13. http://www.hawaiipictureoftheday.com/uhu-spectacled-parrotfish-hawaii/.
- ↑ Stender, Keoki (2013). "Spectacled Parrotfish, Chlorurus perspicillatus". marinelifephotography.com. https://www.marinelifephotography.com/fishes/parrotfishes/chlorurus-perspicillatus.htm. "Attains 24 inches."
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Parrotfishes". 2015-10-01. https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/wildlife/files/2019/03/SWAP-2015-Parrotfishes-Final.pdf.
- ↑ Fisheries, NOAA (2021-01-06). "A Fish That Shapes The Reef | NOAA Fisheries" (in en). https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/science-blog/fish-shapes-reef.
- ↑ "Spectacled Parrotfish (Chlorurus perspicillatus)" (in en-US). 2015-09-07. https://www.karollewall.com/spectacled-parrotfish/.
- ↑ DeMartini, Edward E.; Andrews, Allen H.; Howard, Kathrine G.; Taylor, Brett M.; Lou, Dong-Chun; Donovan, Mary K. (2018). "Comparative growth, age at maturity and sex change, and longevity of Hawaiian parrotfishes, with bomb radiocarbon validation" (in en). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75 (4): 580–589. doi:10.1139/cjfas-2016-0523. ISSN 0706-652X. https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0523.
- ↑ "Spectacled Parrotfish (Chlorurus perspicillatus)" (in en-US). 2015-09-07. https://www.karollewall.com/spectacled-parrotfish/.
Wikidata ☰ Q2551614 entry
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