Biology:Eldonia
Eldonia is an extinct soft-bodied[1] cambroernid[2] best known from the Fossil Ridge outcrops of the Burgess Shale, particularly in the 'Great Eldonia layer' in the Walcott Quarry.[3] In addition to over 550 specimens collected by Walcott,[4] 224 specimens of Eldonia are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.43% of the community. Species also occur in the Chengjiang biota,[5] and Siberia.[6]
Description
It takes the form of a round, medusoid disk (which originally led to suggestions of a jellyfish affinity)[5] with a C-shaped gut trace. The gut is recalcitrant and can be extracted using Hydrofluoric acid.[7]
A specimen from the Lower Ordovician Madaoyu Formation in Hunan, South China, can be interpreted as the incomplete body of Eldonia or the similar animal. However, its annulation, the structure of the intestine and the shape of the body are more similar to those of Ottoia.[8]
Classification
Walcott's original interpretation as a holothurian was rapidly disputed.[9] Alternative affinities to be suggested, which did not stand the test of time, included the siphonophores[10][11][12] and a coelenterate medusa.[13]
Eldonia and the other Eldoniidae form a clade, Eldonioidea, with the Rotadiscidae and the informal group known as the paropsonemids.[14] The Eldonioidea are, in turn, part of the stem-ambulacrarian clade Cambroernida.[2]
Some authors consider E. eumorpha to be a distinct genus, Stellostomites, as S. eumorphus.[15]
"Eldonia berbera",[16] from Upper Ordovician strata of Morocco, was determined to be a junior synonym of the paropsonemid Discophyllum peltatum in 2026.[17]
Paleoecology
The organism is frequently found in association with the lobopod Microdictyon, which is presumed to have fed on Eldonia.[18]
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Eldonia ludwigii, Walcott Quarry. About 4 cm long
Occurrences
E. ludwigi is known from the Middle Cambrian (Wuliuan to Drumian) Burgess Shale, Spence Shale, and Marjum Formation, all along the Cambrian coast of Laurentia. E. eumorpha extends the range of this genus back to Cambrian Stage 3 Chiungchussu Formation, South China.[14]
See also
- Paleobiota of the Burgess Shale
- Paleobiota of the Maotianshan Shales
References
- ↑ Chen, Zhu & Zhou 1995, p. 214
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Li et al. 2023, pp. 2362–2364
- ↑ Gabbott, Zalasiewicz & Collins 2008, p. 311, 316–317
- ↑ Durham 1974, p. 752
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Chen, Zhu & Zhou 1995, p. 213
- ↑ Friend, Zhuravlev & Solov'ev 2002, p. 463
- ↑ Butterfield 1990
- ↑ Fang et al. 2022, p. 5
- ↑ Clark 1912, pp. 276–278
- ↑ Madsen 1957, p. 281
- ↑ Madsen 1962
- ↑ Madsen 1956
- ↑ Henning 1960
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Schroeder, Paterson & Brock 2018, p. 80–81
- ↑ Caron et al. 2010
- ↑ Alessandrello & Bracchi 2003
- ↑ García-Bellido, Romero & Gutiérrez-Marco 2026
- ↑ Zhang & Hou 2007, pp. 448–449
Works cited
- Alessandrello, Anna; Bracchi, Giacomo (2003). "Eldonia berbera n. sp., a new species of the enigmatic genus Eldonia Walcott, 1911 from the Rawtheyan (Upper Ordovician) of little Atlas (Erfoud, Tafilalt, Morocco)". Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano (Milano) 144 (2): 337–358. ISSN 0037-8844. https://dn790008.ca.archive.org/0/items/biostor-266993/biostor-266993.pdf.
- Butterfield, N. J. (1 July 1990). "Organic Preservation of Non-Mineralizing Organisms and the Taphonomy of the Burgess Shale". Paleobiology 16 (3): 247–399. doi:10.1017/s0094837300009994. ISSN 0094-8373. Bibcode: 1990Pbio...16..272B.
- Caron, J.; Conway Morris, S.; Shu, D.; Soares, D. (2010). Soares, Daphne. ed. "Tentaculate fossils from the Cambrian of Canada (British Columbia) and China (Yunnan) interpreted as primitive deuterostomes". PLOS ONE 5 (3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009586. PMID 20221405. Bibcode: 2010PLoSO...5.9586C.
- Chen, Jun-yuan; Zhu, Mao-yan; Zhou, Gui-qing (1995). "The early Cambrian medusiform metazoan Eldonia from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte.". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 40 (3): 213–244. http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app40/app40-213.pdf.
- Clark, H. L. (1912). "Fossil Holothurians". Science 35 (894): 274–278. doi:10.1126/science.35.894.274-a. PMID 17809248. https://archive.org/details/jstor-1638409. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
- Durham, J. W. (1974). "Systematic Position of Eldonia ludwigi Walcott". Journal of Paleontology 48 (4): 750–755. Bibcode: 1974JPal...48..524M.
- Fang, Xiang; Mao, Yingyan; Liu, Qi; Yuan, Wenwei; Chen, Zhongyang; Wu, Rongchang; Li, Lixia; Zhang, Yuchen et al. (2022). "The Liexi fauna: a new Lagerstätte from the Lower Ordovician of South China" (in en). Proceedings of the Royal Society B 289 (1978): 1—8. doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.1027. PMID 35858062. PMC 9277276. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361971078. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
- Friend, D.; Zhuravlev, A. Yu.; Solov'ev, I. A. (2002). "Middle Cambrian Eldonia from the Siberian Platform". Paleontological Journal 36 (1): 20–24. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287522296. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
- Gabbott, S. E.; Zalasiewicz, J.; Collins, D. (2008). "Sedimentation of the Phyllopod Bed within the Cambrian Burgess Shale Formation of British Columbia". Journal of the Geological Society 165 (1): 307–318. doi:10.1144/0016-76492007-023. Bibcode: 2008JGSoc.165..307G.
- García-Bellido, Diego C.; Romero, Sara; Gutiérrez-Marco, Juan Carlos (2026-02-24). "Discophyllum, a common large eldonioid (problematic discoidal fossil) from sandstone strata bearing the Tafilalt Biota (Late Ordovician) of Morocco" (in en). Journal of Iberian Geology. doi:10.1007/s41513-025-00331-8. ISSN 1886-7995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-025-00331-8.
- Henning, Lemche (1960). "A possible central place for Stenethecoides Resser, 1939 and Cambridium Horny, 1957 (Mollusca Monoplacophora) in invertebrate phylogeny.". Rep. Int. Geol. Congr. XXI Session, Norden (Pt. 22): 92–101.
- Li, Yujing; Dunn, Frances S.; Murdock, Duncan J.E.; Guo, Jin; Rahman, Imran A.; Cong, Peiyun (May 10, 2023). "Cambrian stem-group ambulacrarians and the nature of the ancestral deuterostome". Current Biology 33 (12): 2359–2366.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.048. PMID 37167976. Bibcode: 2023CBio...33E2359L.
- Madsen, F. J. (1956). "Eldonia, a Cambrian Siphonophore-formerly interpreted as a Holoturian[sic].". Videnskabelige Meddelelser Fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening I Københaven 118: 7–14.
- Madsen, F. J. (1957). "On Walcott's Supposed Cambrian Holothurians". Journal of Paleontology 31 (1): 281–282. Bibcode: 1974JPal...48..524M.
- Madsen, F. J. (1962). "The systematic position of the Middle Cambrian fossil Eldonia". Medd. Dan. Geol. Foren 15: 87–89. http://2dgf.dk/xpdf/bull-1962-15-1-87-89.pdf.
- Schroeder, Natalie I.; Paterson, John R.; Brock, Glenn A. (2018). "Eldonioids with associated trace fossils from the lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale Konservat-Lagerstätte of South Australia" (in en). Journal of Paleontology 92 (1): 80–86. doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.6. ISSN 0022-3360. Bibcode: 2018JPal...92...80S. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/eldonioids-with-associated-trace-fossils-from-the-lower-cambrian-emu-bay-shale-konservatlagerstatte-of-south-australia/05F449A7147B8DB89E74F26E2A443E88.
- Signor, P. W.; Vermeij, G. J. (1 July 1994). "The Plankton and the Benthos: Origins and Early History of an Evolving Relationship". Paleobiology 20 (3): 259–406. doi:10.1017/s0094837300012793. ISSN 0094-8373. Bibcode: 1994Pbio...20..297S.
- Zhang, X-G; Hou, X-G (Dec 2007). "Gravitational Constraints on the Burial of Chengjiang Fossils". PALAIOS 22 (6): 513–518. doi:10.2110/palo.2006.p06-085r. ISSN 0172-4622. Bibcode: 2007Palai..22..448Z. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255684157. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
External links
- "Eldonia ludwigi". Burgess Shale Fossil Gallery. Virtual Museum of Canada. 2011. http://burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/en/fossil-gallery/view-species.php?id=50.
Wikidata ☰ Q1421766 entry
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