Biology:Enterogastric reflex
From HandWiki
The enterogastric reflex is one of the three extrinsic reflexes of the gastrointestinal tract, the other two being the gastroileal reflex and the gastrocolic reflex.[1] The enterogastric reflex is stimulated by duodenal distension.[2] It can also be stimulated by a pH of 3-4 in the duodenum and by a pH of 1.5 in the stomach. Upon initiation of the reflex, the release of gastrin by G-cells in the antrum of the stomach is shut off. This in turn inhibits gastric motility and the secretion of gastric acid (HCl).[1]
Emptying inhibitory factors
The stomach's contents are inhibited from emptying into the small intestine by:
- duodenal distension[3][2]
- duodenal acidic pH[4]
- duodenal hypertonicity[5][6]
- increased osmolarity of gastric chyme[5][6]
- sympathetic stimulation[citation needed]
- Cholecystokinin, Secretin, Vasoactive intestinal peptide
- Nitric oxide, somatostatin from D cells
Emptying stimulatory factors
The stomach's contents empty through the pylorus, allowing digestion to proceed, when there is:
- parasympathetic stimulation[citation needed]
- increased volume and fluidity of gastric contents[7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Gastrointestinal Reflex Pathways". 22 July 2018. https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/22%3A_Digestive_System/22.02%3A_Nervous_System_of_the_Digestive_System/22.2B%3A_Gastrointestinal_Reflex_Pathways.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Enterogastric Reflex". https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/enterogastric-reflex. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
- ↑ Holzer, H. H.; Raybould, H. E. (April 1992). "Vagal and splanchnic sensory pathways mediate inhibition of gastric motility induced by duodenal distension". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 262 (4): G603–G608. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1992.262.4.G603. PMID 1566842.
- ↑ Hunt, J. N.; Knox, M. T. (1969). "The slowing of gastric emptying by nine acids". The Journal of Physiology 201 (1): 161–179. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008749. PMID 5773550.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Factors That Regulate Gastric Emptying". http://physiologyplus.com/factors-that-regulate-gastric-emptying/. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Meeroff, J. C.; Go, V. L.; Phillips, S. F. (May 1975). "Control of gastric emptying by osmolality of duodenal contents in man". Gastroenterology 68 (5 Pt 1): 1144–51. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(75)80228-9. PMID 1126594. https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(75)80228-9/pdf. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ↑ "Nervous System of the Digestive System - Gastrointestinal Reflex Pathways". https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/the-digestive-system-23/nervous-system-of-the-digestive-system-217/gastrointestinal-reflex-pathways-1070-8607/. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
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