Biology:Fissurina simplex
| Fissurina simplex | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Graphidaceae |
| Genus: | Fissurina |
| Species: | F. simplex
|
| Binomial name | |
| Fissurina simplex B.O.Sharma, Khadilkar & Makhija (2012)
| |
Fissurina simplex is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae.[1] Described in 2012 from specimens collected in Kerala's Silent Valley National Park, this lichen forms brown, glossy crusts on tree bark in humid evergreen and deciduous forests of the Western Ghats. It is distinguished by its variable ascospore number (one to four per reproductive cell rather than the typical eight), large spores divided into brick-like compartments, and the presence of stictic acid compounds in its tissues.
Taxonomy
Fissurina simplex is a member of the family Graphidaceae that was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar and Urmila Makhija. The holotype was collected on 31 December 1981 in Silent Valley, Kerala, India. The authors noted that the species is readily distinguished from other Fissurina taxa by its combination of stictic-series acids, swollen [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]s, 1–4-spored asci and comparatively large [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] spores.[2]
Description
The thallus forms a brown, glossy crust that cracks and becomes wart-like ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]); a narrow black [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] outlines its edge. Fruit bodies are [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]—narrow, slit-like structures—0.5–1.5 mm long, usually straight but sometimes curved. They are the same colour as the thallus, begin immersed and become slightly raised as the surrounding tissue swells and splits. Each lirella ends in an acute tip and has a non-[[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] orange-brown [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]; the swollen [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] overlies an orange-brown corticiform layer 10–12 micrometres (μm) thick that contains crystals.[2]
Inside, the clear hymenium is 120–150 μm high. Asci contain one to four colourless, muriform ascospores measuring 70–78 × 20–25 μm; a thin gelatinous [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] surrounds each spore. Chemical tests detect stictic and hypostictic acids in the thallus.[2]
Habitat and distribution
Confirmed collections come from the evergreen forest of Kerala and the moist deciduous forest of Karnataka in the Western Ghats of southern India. Specimens have been gathered at Silent Valley (Kerala) and Anmod Ghat and other localities in Karnataka, where the lichen grows on the bark of living trees in humid, shaded woodland.[2]
References
- ↑ "Fissurina simplex B.O. Sharma, Khadilkar & Makhija". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6J5K9.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Sharma, B.O.; Khadilkar, P.; Makhija, U. (2012). "New species and new combinations in the lichen genera Fissurina and Hemithecium from India". The Lichenologist 44 (3): 339–362. doi:10.1017/S0024282911000752. Bibcode: 2012ThLic..44..339S.
Wikidata ☰ Q107675400 entry
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