Biology:Flavoplaca limonia
| Flavoplaca limonia | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Teloschistales |
| Family: | Teloschistaceae |
| Genus: | Flavoplaca |
| Species: | F. limonia
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| Binomial name | |
| Flavoplaca limonia (Nimis & Poelt) Arup, Frödén & Søchting (2013)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Flavoplaca limonia is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae.[2] It was first formally described as a new species in 1994 by lichenologists Pier Luigi Nimis and Josef Poelt.[3] Ulf Arup and colleagues transferred the taxon to the genus Flavoplaca in 2013, following a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the family Teloschistaceae.[4]
Initially thought to be a southern European species, it has since been shown to have a broader distribution, having been reported from Morocco, Denmark, and Sweden. It can be differentiated from the similar-looking species Flavoplaca citrina by having larger [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], which are [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] rather than soredia, averaging 85±54 μm in size.[5]
Description
Caloplaca limonia is a crustose lichen species characterised by its wide-spreading thallus (main body) that can reach up to 10 cm in diameter. Initially pale yellow in colour, the thallus develops a distinctive cracked-[[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] pattern, with thin, relatively flat segments (areoles) measuring about 1–2 mm across. These areoles have irregular shapes and often display finely [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]d (scalloped) to slightly lobed margins, particularly at the edges of the thallus.[3]
A distinctive feature of this species is its early and abundant development of yellow [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (small vegetative propagules) across the surface of the areoles. These blastidia are relatively large (40–80 μm in diameter) and irregularly rounded, giving the thallus a distinctive textured appearance. The blastidia have an incomplete protective layer of fungal hyphae ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) and are covered with relatively large crystals that dissolve completely in hydrochloric acid.[3]
The reproductive structures (apothecia) are scattered and sparse. They first appear partially immersed in the thallus, later becoming more prominent with a constricted base. The apothecia are relatively thick, measuring about 0.5–1 mm in diameter, and round in shape. They have a flat, light brown [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] surrounded by a thick margin that initially matches the colour of the disc. As the apothecia mature, they develop a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] structure (having both a proper margin and a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]), with the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] becoming thinner and coloured like the disc, while the thicker outer thalline margin, initially smooth, may develop blastidia.[3]
Internally, the hymenium (reproductive layer) measures about 100 μm in height. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (sterile filaments between reproductive cells) are loosely arranged, about 1.5 μm thick, with the uppermost 2–3 cells becoming progressively swollen. The apical cells reach about 8 μm in thickness and are more or less spherical, covered with [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] deposits. The spores number eight per ascus (spore-producing sac) but have very irregular forms, ranging from narrowly to broadly elliptical or almost rounded, measuring 8–16 by 4–8 μm, with thick cross-walls (septa) measuring 3–5 μm.[3]
References
- ↑ "Synonymy. Current Name: Flavoplaca limonia (Nimis & Poelt) Arup, Frödén & Søchting, Nordic Jl Bot. 31(1): 45 (2013)". Species Fungorum. https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=802073.
- ↑ "Flavoplaca limonia (Nimis & Poelt) Arup, Frödén & Søchting". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6J9BY.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Nimis, P.L.; Poelt, J.; Tretiach, M.; Ottonello, D.; Puntillo, D.; Vezda, A. (1994). "Contributions to lichen floristics in Italy. VII – The lichens of Marettimo (Egadi Islands, Sicily)". Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence 45: 247–262.
- ↑ Arup, Ulf; Søchting, Ulrik; Frödén, Patrik (2013). "A new taxonomy of the family Teloschistaceae". Nordic Journal of Botany 31 (1): 16–83 [45]. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00062.x.
- ↑ Arup, U. (2011). "Contributions to the knowledge of Caloplaca in the Nordic countries". Graphis Scripta 23: 10–20.
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