Biology:Fukuiraptor
| Fukuiraptor | |
|---|---|
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| Reconstructed skeleton | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | Saurischia |
| Clade: | Theropoda |
| Clade: | †Megaraptora |
| Genus: | †Fukuiraptor Azuma & Currie, 2000 |
| Type species | |
| †Fukuiraptor kitadaniensis Azuma & Currie, 2000
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Fukuiraptor ("thief of Fukui") was a medium-sized megaraptoran theropod dinosaur of the Early Cretaceous epoch (either Barremian or Aptian) that lived in what is now Japan .[1] Fukuiraptor is known from the Kitadani Formation[2] and possibly also the Sebayashi Formation.[3]
History
The type specimen is a partial skeleton (designated FPDM-V97122) discovered in the Kitadani quarry near Katsuyama in the Fukui prefecture. It is thought that this specimen was not mature and an adult may have been larger. The remains of many other individuals have been found in the quarry, with numerous humeri, femurs, and teeth being assigned to this species.[2] However, the other individuals recovered from the same locality are mostly juveniles that were smaller than the holotype (Currie & Azuma, 2006), in the smallest case less than a quarter of the holotype's size. A tooth (NDC-P0001) discovered in a block of conglomerate from the Sebayashi Formation has been referred to Fukuiraptor as well.[4]
Description
As indicated by its slender phalanges, Fukuiraptor was a relatively lightly built animal, regardless of its maturity.[1] In 2010 Gregory Paul gave a length of 5 meters (16 ft) and a weight of 300 kg (660 lbs).[5] Molina-Pérez and Larramendi estimated a length of 4.3 meters (14.1 ft) and a weight of 590 kg (1,300 lbs) in 2016.[6]
The distinctive teeth of Fukuiraptor show similarities with both carcharodontosaurids (being very compressed and blade-like, as well as having wrinkled enamel) and tyrannosaurids (having oblique blood grooves near the serrations).[2] The holotype also had very large and flat manual unguals (hand claws), which played a role in its initial classification as a dromaeosaurid (as the hand claws were mistaken for foot claws) as well as its current classification as a megaraptoran.[7]
Classification
Initially considered a member of the Dromaeosauridae when first discovered, its initial describers considered it a carnosaur, related to Allosaurus. More recent studies consider it a megaraptoran, an enigmatic group which may have been part of the family Neovenatoridae.[7] However, more recently, another analysis has proposed that all megaraptorans are actually tyrannosauroids, which would reclassify Fukuiraptor as a tyrannosauroid coelurosaur.[8] Recent cladistic analysis of the theropod Gualicho has suggested that Fukuiraptor and other megaraptorans are either allosauroids, or non-tyrannosauroid basal coelurosaurs.[9]
Below is a cladogram reconstructing the position of Fukuiraptor in the Megaraptora as per Delcourt and Grillo, 2018.[10]
| Megaraptora |
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It has been suggested that Fukuiraptor is a close relative to the Australian Megaraptoran known as Australovenator, however some studies place Australovenator as a derived Megaraptoran which actually forms a clade with the South American Megaraptorans known as Megaraptoridae.
Palaeoecology
In the Kitadani Formation, where fossils of Fukuiraptor have been recovered,[1] fossils of other vertebrates have been preserved. Among the species that have been properly described and named are Fukuisaurus tetoriensis,[11] a styracostern ornithischian, Fukuititan nipponensis,[12] a titanosauriform sauropod, Koshisaurus katsuyama,[13] a hadrosauroid ornithischian, Fukuivenator paradoxus,[14] a therizinosaurian theropod, and Fukuipteryx prima,[15] an avialan as defined by the authors.
External links
- Image of the holotype skeleton, published by the twitter account of Thomas Holtz
- "Fukuiraptor kitadaniensis". Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. http://www.dinosaur.pref.fukui.jp/en/ddic/Fukuiraptor.html.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Azuma, Yoichi; Philip J., Currie (2000). "A new carnosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37 (12): 1735–1753. doi:10.1139/e00-064. Bibcode: 2000CaJES..37.1735A. http://doc.rero.ch/record/14299/files/PAL_E1450.pdf.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Currie, P.J.; Azuma, Y. (2006). "New specimens, including a growth series, of Fukuiraptor (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Quarry of Japan". J. Paleont. Soc. Korea 22 (1): 173–193. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40664042.
- ↑ "A tooth of Fukuiraptor aff. F. kitadaniensis from the Lower Cretaceous Sebayashi Formation, Sanchu Cretaceous, Japan: 東京学芸大学リポジトリ". http://ir.u-gakugei.ac.jp/handle/2309/107121.
- ↑ Molnar, Ralph E.; Obata, Ikuwo; Tanimoto, Masahiro; Matsukawa, Masaki (2009). "A tooth of Fukuiraptor aff. F. kitadaniensis from the Lower Cretaceous Sebayashi Formation, Sanchu Cretaceous, Japan". Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University, Division of Natural Sciences 61: 105–117. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43696092.
- ↑ Paul, Gregory S. (2010). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 98.
- ↑ Molina-Pérez & Larramendi (2016). Récords y curiosidades de los dinosaurios Terópodos y otros dinosauromorfos. Barcelona, Spain: Larousse. pp. 263.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Benson, R. B. J.; Carrano, M. T.; Brusatte, S. L. (2010). "A new clade of archaic large-bodied predatory dinosaurs (Theropoda: Allosauroidea) that survived to the latest Mesozoic". Naturwissenschaften 97 (1): 71–78. doi:10.1007/s00114-009-0614-x. PMID 19826771. Bibcode: 2010NW.....97...71B. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272152523.
- ↑ Novas, F. E.; Agnolín, F. L.; Ezcurra, M. D.; Canale, J. I.; Porfiri, J. D. (2012). "Megaraptorans as members of an unexpected evolutionary radiation of tyrant-reptiles in Gondwana". Ameghiniana 49 (4(R): Suplemento Resúmenes [Abstracts]): R33. http://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/868/1618.
- ↑ Apesteguía, Sebastián; Smith, Nathan D.; Valieri, Rubén Juárez; Makovicky, Peter J. (13 July 2016). "An Unusual New Theropod with a Didactyl Manus from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina". PLOS ONE 11 (7): e0157793. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157793. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 27410683. Bibcode: 2016PLoSO..1157793A.
- ↑ Delcourt, Rafael; Grillo, Orlando Nelson (2018-12-15). "Tyrannosauroids from the Southern Hemisphere: Implications for biogeography, evolution, and taxonomy" (in en). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 511: 379–387. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.003. ISSN 0031-0182. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018218302566.
- ↑ Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Azuma, Yoichi (2003-04-11). [166:anidof2.0.co;2 "A new iguanodontian (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation of Fukui Prefecture, Japan"]. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 (1): 166–175. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2003)23[166:anidof2.0.co;2]. ISSN 0272-4634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2003)23[166:anidof]2.0.co;2.
- ↑ Azuma, Yoichi; Shibata, Masateru (2010). "Fukuititan nipponensis, A New Titanosauriform Sauropod from the Early Cretaceous Tetori Group of Fukui Prefecture, Japan" (in en). Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 84 (3): 454–462. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00268.x. ISSN 1755-6724. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00268.x.
- ↑ "New basal hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation, Fukui, central Japan". Zootaxa. https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2015/f/z03914p440f.pdf.
- ↑ Azuma, Yoichi; Xu, Xing; Shibata, Masateru; Kawabe, Soichiro; Miyata, Kazunori; Imai, Takuya (2016-02-23). "A bizarre theropod from the Early Cretaceous of Japan highlighting mosaic evolution among coelurosaurians" (in en). Scientific Reports 6 (1): 20478. doi:10.1038/srep20478. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 26908367.
- ↑ Imai, Takuya; Azuma, Yoichi; Kawabe, Soichiro; Shibata, Masateru; Miyata, Kazunori; Wang, Min; Zhou, Zhonghe (2019-11-14). "An unusual bird (Theropoda, Avialae) from the Early Cretaceous of Japan suggests complex evolutionary history of basal birds" (in en). Communications Biology 2 (1): 399. doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0639-4. ISSN 2399-3642. PMID 31754639.
Wikidata ☰ Q132536 entry
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