Biology:GALNT3

Generic protein structure example

Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GALNT3 gene.

This gene encodes UDP-GalNAc transferase 3, a member of the polypeptide GalNAc transferase (GalNAc-T) family. This family transfers an N-acetyl galactosamine to the hydroxyl group of a serine or threonine residue in the first step of O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Individual GalNAc-transferases have distinct activities and initiation of O-glycosylation is regulated by a repertoire of GalNAc-transferases. The protein encoded by this gene is highly homologous to other family members; however, the enzymes have different substrate specificities.

Further reading

• "cDNA cloning and expression of a novel human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine. Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, GalNAc-t3". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (29): 17006–12. 1996. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.29.17006. PMID 8663203. 
• Wandall HH; Hassan H; Mirgorodskaya E et al. (1997). "Substrate specificities of three members of the human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family, GalNAc-T1, -T2, and -T3". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (38): 23503–14. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.38.23503. PMID 9295285. 
• Röttger S; White J; Wandall HH et al. (1998). "Localization of three human polypeptide GalNAc-transferases in HeLa cells suggests initiation of O-linked glycosylation throughout the Golgi apparatus". J. Cell Sci. 111 (1): 45–60. doi:10.1242/jcs.111.1.45. PMID 9394011. 
• Mandel U; Hassan H; Therkildsen MH et al. (1999). "Expression of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases in stratified epithelia and squamous cell carcinomas: immunohistological evaluation using monoclonal antibodies to three members of the GalNAc-transferase family". Glycobiology 9 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1093/glycob/9.1.43. PMID 9884405. 
• Dosaka-Akita H; Kinoshita I; Yamazaki K et al. (2002). "N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase-3 is a potential new marker for non-small cell lung cancers". Br. J. Cancer 87 (7): 751–5. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600536. PMID 12232759. 
• Strausberg RL; Feingold EA; Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M. 
• Argüeso P; Tisdale A; Mandel U et al. (2003). "The cell-layer- and cell-type-specific distribution of GalNAc-transferases in the ocular surface epithelia is altered during keratinization". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44 (1): 86–92. doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0181. PMID 12506059. 
• Onitsuka K; Shibao K; Nakayama Y et al. (2003). "Prognostic significance of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-3 (GalNAc-T3) expression in patients with gastric carcinoma". Cancer Sci. 94 (1): 32–6. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2003.tb01348.x. PMID 12708471. 
• Yamamoto S; Nakamori S; Tsujie M et al. (2004). "Expression of uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 3 in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas". Pathobiology 71 (1): 12–8. doi:10.1159/000072957. PMID 14555840. 
• Gu C; Oyama T; Osaki T et al. (2004). "Low expression of polypeptide GalNAc N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase-3 in lung adenocarcinoma: impact on poor prognosis and early recurrence". Br. J. Cancer 90 (2): 436–42. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601531. PMID 14735190. 
• Miyahara N; Shoda J; Kawamoto T et al. (2004). "Expression of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine-polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase isozyme 3 in the subserosal layer correlates with postsurgical survival of pathological tumor stage 2 carcinoma of the gallbladder". Clin. Cancer Res. 10 (6): 2090–9. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-1024-03. PMID 15041730. 
• Gerhard DS; Wagner L; Feingold EA et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334. 
• "The expression pattern of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine-polypeptide N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase-3 in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus". Pathobiology 72 (3): 139–45. 2005. doi:10.1159/000084117. PMID 15860931. 
• Kimura K; Wakamatsu A; Suzuki Y et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: Large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMID 16344560. 
• Kato K; Jeanneau C; Tarp MA et al. (2006). "Polypeptide GalNAc-transferase T3 and familial tumoral calcinosis. Secretion of fibroblast growth factor 23 requires O-glycosylation". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (27): 18370–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M602469200. PMID 16638743. 
• Ichikawa S; Imel EA; Sorenson AH et al. (2007). "Tumoral calcinosis presenting with eyelid calcifications due to novel missense mutations in the glycosyl transferase domain of the GALNT3 gene". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91 (11): 4472–5. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1247. PMID 16940445. 
• "Two novel nonsense mutations in GALNT3 gene are responsible for familial tumoral calcinosis". J. Hum. Genet. 52 (5): 464–8. 2007. doi:10.1007/s10038-007-0126-5. PMID 17351710. 
• Inoue T; Eguchi T; Oda Y et al. (2007). "Expression of GalNAc-T3 and its relationships with clinicopathological factors in 61 extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas analyzed using stepwise sections - special reference to its association with lymph node metastases-". Mod. Pathol. 20 (2): 267–76. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800700. PMID 17361208.