Biology:Gelastocoris oculatus
| Gelastocoris oculatus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Gelastocoridae |
| Genus: | Gelastocoris |
| Species: | G. oculatus
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| Binomial name | |
| Gelastocoris oculatus (Fabricius, 1798)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Gelastocoris oculatus, the big-eyed toad bug, is a species of toad bug in the family Gelastocoridae. It is found in Central America and North America.[1][2][3] North of Mexico, it is found in 28 continental United States and 3 provinces of Canada.[4] They are riparian insects that are found near the shores of freshwater lentic and lotic systems. They prefer damp substrates over saturated substrates.[5] Their coloration, morphology, and hopping behavior resembles toads. Toad bugs use their cryptic coloration to blend in with the sand, soil, or pebble-rich substrate of their habitats to avoid predation.[6] They are able to leap many times their body length to avoid predation, and can swim short distances. Both G. oculatus adults and nymphs capture smaller insects by jumping on them, and consume them with their piercing sucking mouthparts.[6] Females lay their eggs under rocks or in sand or mud, and nymphs have 5 instars.
They are most active in spring to autumn and those in the northern range hibernate. Adults have been known to congregate sometimes.
Subspecies
These two subspecies belong to the species Gelastocoris oculatus:
- Gelastocoris oculatus oculatus (Fabricius, 1798)
- Gelastocoris oculatus variegatus (Guérin-Méneville, 1844)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Gelastocoris oculatus Report". https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=103772.
- ↑ "Gelastocoris oculatus". https://www.gbif.org/species/2020230.
- ↑ "Gelastocoris oculatus species Information". https://bugguide.net/node/view/9175.
- ↑ Freese, Edwin L.; Chordas, Stephen W. (28 April 2022). "New State Records for the Toad Bug Gelastocoris oculatus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gelastocoridae)". Entomological News 130 (2): 207. doi:10.3157/021.130.0208. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367722995.
- ↑ Deonier, D. L.; Kincaid, S. P.; Scheiring, J. F. (November–December 1976). "Substrate and Moisture preferences in common toad bug, Gelastocoris oculatus (Hemiptera: Gelastocoridae)". Entomological News 87: 262. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16344445.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Big-Eyed Toad Bug" (in en). https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/big-eyed-toad-bug.
Further reading
- Todd, Edward L. (1955). "A Taxonomic Revision of the Family Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera)". The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 37 (11): 277–475. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.1590. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4378383#page/285/mode/1up.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q13541901 entry
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