Biology:Gyromitra
| Gyromitra | |
|---|---|
| |
| Gyromitra esculenta | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Pezizomycetes |
| Order: | Pezizales |
| Family: | Discinaceae |
| Genus: | Gyromitra Fr. (1849) |
| Type species | |
| Gyromitra esculenta (Pers.) Fr. (1849)
| |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Gyromitra (/ˌdʒaɪroʊˈmaɪtrə, ˌdʒɪrə-/[1]) is a genus of about 18 species of ascomycete fungi.[2] They are a false morel - a frequently toxic mushroom that can be mistaken for edible mushrooms of the genus Morchella (morels).
Taxonomy
The name Gyromitra comes from gyro meaning convoluted and mitra meaning turban.
Analysis of the ribosomal DNA of many of the Pezizales showed the genus Gyromitra to be most closely related to the genus Discina, and also Pseudorhizina, Hydnotrya, and only distantly related to Helvella. Thus the four genera are now included in the family Discinaceae.[3][4]
Species
The genus consists of the following species:
- Gyromitra ambigua
- Gyromitra anthracobia
- Gyromitra brunnea - known as a false morel
- Gyromitra bubakii
- Gyromitra californica
- Gyromitra caroliniana (North America)
- Gyromitra esculenta (Pers.) Fr. (1849) – a false morel
- Gyromitra fastigiata
- Gyromitra gigas – snow morel
- Gyromitra korfii – possibly a synonym of G. gigas
- Gyromitra montana – North American snow morel, possibly a synonym of G. gigas
- Gyromitra infula – elfin saddle
- Gyromitra leucoxantha
- Gyromitra perlata
- Gyromitra sphaerospora
- Gyromitra tasmanica
Toxicity
Some types of Gyromitra are highly poisonous when raw due to the presence of gyromitrin, although some species are edible when cooked and Gyromitra are sought after in Scandinavian countries. Widespread hemolysis has been reported from ingestion which can result in kidney failure. Methemoglobinemia has also been seen, although it is typically responsive to treatment with methylene blue. Seizures can also develop via inhibition of the neurotransmitter GABA.[5]
References
- ↑ "Gyromitra". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Gyromitra. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
- ↑ Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 2008. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
- ↑ "Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetous truffles and the true and false morels inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis". Mycologia 89 (1): 48–65. 1997. doi:10.2307/3761172.
- ↑ "Systematics of the Pezizomycetes—the operculate discomycetes". Mycologia 98 (6): 1029–1040. 2006. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.1029. PMID 17486978.
- ↑ Brozen, R. "Mushroom Toxicity - Gyromitra Toxin." Emedicine.com, Last updated: 2/29/08.
Wikidata ☰ Q580989 entry
 |  |
