Biology:Haplogroup GHIJK

Haplogroup GHIJK
Possible time of origin	approx. 49,000-59,000 BP+ BCE (i.e. similar to estimates for F and G)
Possible place of origin	{{{origin-place}}}
Ancestor	F (F-M89)
Descendants	G, HIJK
Defining mutations	M3658/F1329/PF2622/YSC0001299, CTS2254/M3680/PF2657, FGC2045/Z12203

Haplogroup GHIJK, defined by the SNPs M3658, F1329, PF2622, and YSC0001299, is a common Y-chromosome haplogroup. This macrohaplogroup and its subclades contain the vast majority of the world's existing male population.

Phylogeny

GHIJK is the major clade of Haplogroup F (F-M89). It branches subsequently into two direct descendants: Haplogroup G (M201/PF2957) and Haplogroup HIJK (F929/M578/PF3494/S6397). The other haplotypes of Haplogroup F are F1, F2, and F3.

Subclades of GHIJK, under the HIJK lineage, include: H (L901/M2939) and IJK (F-L15). The downstream descendants of Haplogroup IJK include the major haplogroups I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and T.

Distribution

The basal paragroup GHIJK* has not been identified in living males or ancient remains.

Populations with high proportions of descendant haplogroups were predominant, before the modern era, in males across widely-dispersed areas and populations. These include:

• the Caucasus and West Asia (e. g. haplogroups G, J, and R);
• South Asia (e. g. haplogroups H, J, L, and R);
• Europe (e. g. haplogroups G, I, J, Q, R and N);
• East Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania (e.g. haplogroups K, M, N, P, O, S)
• Central Asia (e. g. haplogroups J, P, Q, and R) and;
• most Native American peoples (e. g. haplogroup Q and R)