Biology:Haplogroup HIJK
| Haplogroup HIJK | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | Approx. 49,000-59,000 BP+ BCE (i.e. similar to estimates for Haplogroups GHIJK, H and IJK)[1][verification needed] |
| Possible place of origin | Eurasia |
| Ancestor | Haplogroup GHIJK |
| Descendants | H, IJK |
| Defining mutations | F929/M578/PF3494/S6397[2] |
Haplogroup HIJK, defined by the SNPs F929, M578, PF3494 and S6397,[2] is a common Y-chromosome haplogroup. Like its parent macrohaplogroup GHIJK, Haplogroup HIJK and its subclades comprise the vast majority of the world's male population.
HIJK branches subsequently into two direct descendants: IJK (L15/M523/PF3492/S137) and H (L901/M2939). IJK in turn splits into IJ (F-L15) and K (M9). The descendants of Haplogroup IJ are haplogroups I and J, while Haplogroup K is, ultimately, the ancestor of major haplogroups M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, L, and T.
Distribution
HIJK has not been reported in modern populations or in ancient human remains. Previously basal paragroup HIJK* was reported in a Mesolithic European (Magdalenian), GoyetQ-2, and Upper Paleolithic European (Gravettian), Vestonice16.[3] Later study in 2023 with high quality sequencing of Magdalenian, GoyetQ-2, Gravettian, Vestonice16 were assigned with Haplogroup I.[4]
Populations with high proportions of males who belong to descendant major haplogroups of Haplogroup HIJK live across widely dispersed areas and populations.
Males belonging to other subclades of IJK are concentrated in, for example:
- Europe and Central Asia (e. g. haplogroups I, J, N, Q and R);
- the Middle East and North East Africa (e. g. haplogroups J and T);
- South Asia (e.g. haplogroups H, J, L and R);
- Southeast Asia and East Asia (e.g. haplogroup N, O, P)
- Oceania (e. g. haplogroups P, K, M, O and S) and;
- many Native American peoples (e. g. haplogroup Q).
Footnotes
- ↑ Fu, Qiaomei et al. (October 2014). "Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia". Nature 514 (7523): 445–449. doi:10.1038/nature13810. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25341783. Bibcode: 2014Natur.514..445F.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2018". 24 April 2018. https://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_YDNATreeTrunk.html.
- ↑ Fu, Qiaomei et al. (2016). "The genetic history of Ice Age Europe". Nature 534 (7606): 200–205. doi:10.1038/nature17993. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 27135931. Bibcode: 2016Natur.534..200F.
- ↑ Posth, Cosimo et al. (March 2023). "Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers" (in en). Nature 615 (7950): 117–126. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 36859578. Bibcode: 2023Natur.615..117P.
See also
Genetics
Backbone Tree
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