Biology:Hebeloma sinapizans
| Hebeloma sinapizans | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Hymenogastraceae |
| Genus: | Hebeloma |
| Species: | H. sinapizans
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hebeloma sinapizans (Paulet) Gillet (1878)
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
 | |
 | gills on hymenium |
|---|---|
 | cap is convex |
 | hymenium is adnexed |
 | stipe is bare |
 | spore print is brown |
 | ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | edibility: poisonous |
Hebeloma sinapizans, commonly known as the scaly-stalked heboloma,[2] rough-stalked hebeloma or the bitter poisonpie, is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. It has a strong radish-like smell and a prominent bulbous stem base. H. sinapizans is found in Europe and North America and is poisonous.
Taxonomy
First described as Hypophyllum sinapizans by Jean-Jacques Paulet in 1793,[3] it was transferred to the genus Hebeloma by Claude Casimir Gillet in 1878.[4] It is commonly known as the "rough-stalked Hebeloma".[5]
Description
The fruit body has a cap that is initially convex before flattening out in age, reaching a diameter of 4–16 centimetres (1 1⁄2–6 1⁄2 inches).[2] The cap may have a shallow umbo. The cap surface is smooth, moist to sticky, and first with an inrolled margin then becoming uplifted. It is tannish, sometimes with pinkish grayish tints.[2] The gills have an adnate attachment to the stipe and have a notch just before the point of attachment; the gill edges have tiny fringes or serrations.[2] They are first whitish before turning pale brown in maturity.[2] The spore print is pale brown.[2]
The stipe measures 2–13 cm (1–5 in) long and 1–3 cm (1–3 cm) thick; it is roughly equal in width except for a swollen base.[2][5] The flesh is whitish, thick, and has a radish-like odor[2] and taste. The spores are elliptical with a rough surface texture and measure 10–14 by 6–8 μm.[5]
Similar species
It is similar to the more common H. crustuliniforme, a smaller relative[2] that is also poisonous.
Distribution and habitat
As of December 2022, the species has been found in 20 countries across Europe as well as in Asiatic Turkey and Lebanon.[6]
The fungus fruits on the ground in groups or fairy rings in deciduous and coniferous forests.[5]
Toxicity
H. sinapizans mushrooms are poisonous,[5] causing gastrointestinal upset.[2]
See also
References
- ↑ "Hebeloma sinapizans (Paulet) Gillet, Les Hyménomycètes ou Description de tous les Champignons qui Croissent en France: 527, 1878". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Table=Mycobank&Rec=12518&Fields=All.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. pp. 465. ISBN 978-0-89815-170-1. https://archive.org/details/arora-david-mushrooms-demystified-a-comprehensive-guide-to-the-fleshy-fungi-ten-speed-press-1986/page/465/mode/2up.
- ↑ Paulet JJ. (1793) (in French). Traité des champignons. 2. Paris: Louvre. plate 82.
- ↑ Gillet CC. (1878) (in French). Les Hyménomycètes ou Description de tous les Champignons qui Croissent en France. Alençon: Ch. Thomas. p. 527.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Mushrooms of the Southeastern United States. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. 2007. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-8156-3112-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=IB1Gv3jZMmAC&pg=PA137.
- ↑ "Hebeloma sinapizans". https://hebeloma.org/species/sinapizans.
Wikidata ☰ Q2714643 entry
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