Biology:Human Cell Atlas
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The Human Cell Atlas is a project to describe all cell types in the human body. The initiative was announced by a consortium after its inaugural meeting in London in October 2016, which established the first phase of the project.[1][2] Aviv Regev and Sarah Teichmann defined the goals of the project at that meeting,[3] which was convened by the Broad Institute, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and Wellcome Trust.[4] Regev and Teichmann lead the project.[5]
Description
The Human Cell Atlas will catalogue a cell based on several criteria, specifically the cell type, its state, its location in the body, the transitions it undergoes, and its lineage.[6] It will gather data from existing research, and integrate it with data collected in future research projects.[2] Among the data it will collect is the fluxome, genome, metabolome, proteome, and transcriptome.[2]
Its scope is to categorize the 37 trillion cells of the human body to determine which genes each cell expresses by sampling cells from all parts of the body.[7]
All aspects of the project will be made "available to the public for free", including software and results.[8]
By April 2018, the project included more than 480 researchers conducting 185 projects.[9]
Funding
In October 2017, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative announced funding for 38 projects related to the Human Cell Atlas.[10] Among them was a grant of undisclosed value to the Zuckerman Institute of the Columbia University Medical Center at Columbia University.[8] The grant, titled "A strategy for mapping the human spinal cord with single cell resolution", will fund research to identify and catalogue gene activity in all spinal cord cells.[8] The Translational Genomics Research Institute received a grant to develop a standard for the "processing and storage of solid tissues for single-cell RNA sequencing", compared to the typical practice of relying on the average of sequencing multiple cells.[10] Project home pages are available at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative's website.[11]
The program is also backed by European Union, the National Institutes of Health in the United States, and the Manton Foundation.[7]
Data
In April 2018, the first data set from the project was released, representing 530,000 immune system cells collected from bone marrow and cord blood.[9]
A research program at the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics published an atlas of the cells of the liver, using single-cell RNA sequencing on 10,000 normal cells obtained from nine donors.[12]
The Tabula Sapiens data was published on a dedicated website[13]
See also
- List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
- ENCODE - Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE)
- Human Genome Project
- Human Protein Atlas
- Human Biomolecular Atlas Program
Notes
- ↑ Preidt 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Yup 2017.
- ↑ Sample 2016.
- ↑ Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute 2016.
- ↑ Nowogrodzki 2017.
- ↑ Regev, p. 4.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Apple 2018.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Silva 2017.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Daley 2018.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 AZ Big Media 2017.
- ↑ from https://www.czbiohub.org/tabula-projects/
- ↑ Aizarani et al. 2019.
- ↑ "The Tabula Sapiens: A multiple-organ, single-cell transcriptomic atlas of humans". Science 376 (6594): eabl4896. May 2022. doi:10.1126/science.abl4896. PMID 35549404.
References
- Aizarani, Nadim; Saviano, Antonio; Sagar, Laurent Mailly; Durand, Sarah; Herman, Josip S.; Pessaux, Patrick; Baumert, Thomas F.; Grün, Dominic (10 July 2019). "A human liver cell atlas reveals heterogeneity and epithelial progenitors". Nature 572 (7768): 199–204. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1373-2. PMID 31292543.
- Apple, Sam (22 August 2018). "The cartographer of cells". MIT Technology Review. September 2018. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/611786/the-cartographer-of-cells/.
- Daley, Jason (19 April 2018). "Human Cell Atlas releases first major data set". Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/human-cell-atlas-releases-first-major-data-set-180968831/. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
- Farivar, Cyrus (30 September 2017). "To better grok how all 37 trillion human cells work, we need new tools". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/09/to-better-grok-how-all-37-trillion-human-cells-work-we-need-new-tools/.
- Nowogrodzki, Anna (5 July 2017). "How to build a human cell atlas". Nature 547 (7661): 24–26. doi:10.1038/547024a. PMID 28682347. Bibcode: 2017Natur.547...24N.
- Preidt, Robert (17 October 2016). "Scientists plan to map every cell in the human body". CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/scientists-plan-map-of-every-cell-in-the-human-body/.
- Regev, Aviv. "The Human Cell Atlas". Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. https://www.genome.gov/multimedia/slides/gspfuture2014/10_regev.pdf.
- Sample, Ian (14 October 2016). "Human Cell Atlas project aims to map the human body's 35 trillion cells". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/oct/14/human-cell-atlas-project-aims-to-map-the-human-bodys-35-trillion-cells.
- Silva, Catarina (20 October 2017). "Columbia researchers receive funding from Facebook founder to create atlas of spinal cord cells". ALS News Today. https://alsnewstoday.com/2017/10/20/als-research-to-benefit-from-facebook-founder-funded-atlas-of-spinal-cord-cells/.
- Yup, Sang (26 June 2017). "Human Cell Atlas Opens a New Window to Health and Disease". Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-human-cell-atlas/. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
- "TGen develops processing procedures for 'single-cell' sequencing". AZ Big Media. 19 October 2017. https://azbigmedia.com/tgen-develops-processing-procedures-single-cell-sequencing/.
- "International Human Cell Atlas Initiative" (Press release). Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. 14 October 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
Further reading
- Rozenblatt-Rosen, O.; Stubbington, M.J.T.; Regev, A.; Teichmann, S.A. (18 October 2017). "The Human Cell Atlas: from vision to reality". Nature 550 (7677): 451–453. doi:10.1038/550451a. PMID 29072289. Bibcode: 2017Natur.550..451R.
External links
- No URL found. Please specify a URL here or add one to Wikidata.
- Regev A, Teichmann SA, Lander ES, Amit I, Benoist C, Birney E, et al. (Human Cell Atlas Meeting Participants) (8 May 2017). "The Human Cell Atlas". bioRxiv 10.1101/121202.
- Ledford, Heidi (23 February 2017). "The race to map the human body — one cell at a time". Nature 542 (7642): 404–405. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.21508. PMID 28230136. Bibcode: 2017Natur.542..404L.
- Cepelewicz, Jordana (12 July 2017). "Cell Atlases Reveal Biology's Frontiers". Quanta Magazine. https://www.quantamagazine.org/cell-atlases-reveal-biologys-frontiers-20170712/. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
- "Human Cell Atlas data platform kicks off with support from CZI" (Press release). Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. 1 June 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
- Regev, Aviv (June 2017). "Creating a census of human cells". Nautilus. http://alliance.nautil.us/article/220/creating-a-census-of-human-cells. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
- Yong, Ed (14 October 2016). "A Google Maps for the human body". The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/10/a-google-maps-for-the-human-body/504002/. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
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