Biology:Isoschizomer

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Isoschizomers are pairs of restriction enzymes specific to the same recognition sequence.[1] The term is derived from gre iso 'same', and skihzo 'to split'.[2][3]

The first enzyme discovered which recognizes a given sequence is known as the prototype; all subsequently identified enzymes that recognize that sequence are isoschizomers.[4] For example, the prototype SphI (CGTAC/G) has the isoschizomers BbuI (CGTAC/G) and PaeI.[5]

In some cases, only one out of a pair of isoschizomers can recognize both the methylated and unmethylated forms of restriction sites, whereas the other enzyme recognizes only the unmethylated form.[6] This property of isoschizomers allows for the identification of methylation states. For example, the isoschizomers HpaII and MspI both recognize the sequence 5'-CCGG-3' when it is unmethylated.[7] However, when the second C of the sequence is methylated, only MspI can recognize it.

An enzyme that recognizes the same sequence but cuts it in a different position is a neoschizomer.[1][4] Neoschizomers are a subset of isoschizomers. For example, SmaI (CCC/GGG) and XmaI (C/CCGGG) are neoschizomers of each other. Similarly KpnI (GGTAC/C) and Acc65I (G/GTACC) are neoschizomers of each other. An enzyme that recognizes a slightly different sequence, but produces the same ends is an isocaudomer.[8]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gowers, Darren M.; Halford, Stephen E. (2004). "DNA Restriction and Modification: Type II Enzymes". in Lennarz, William J.; Lane, M. Daniel. Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier. p. 772. ISBN 978-0-08-054775-6. 
  2. ↑ Pingoud, Alfred; Wilson, Geoffrey G.; Wende, Wolfgang (July 2014). "Type II restriction endonucleases--a historical perspective and more". Nucleic Acids Research 42 (12): 7489–7527. doi:10.1093/nar/gku447. ISSN 1362-4962. PMID 24878924. 
  3. ↑ Berger, Shelby L. (October 1994). "Expanding the Potential of Restriction Endonucleases: Use of Hapaxoterministic Enzymes". Analytical Biochemistry 222 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1006/abio.1994.1445. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Roberts, Richard J.; Belfort, Marlene; Bestor, Timothy; Bhagwat, Ashok S.; Bickle, Thomas A.; Bitinaite, Jurate; Blumenthal, Robert M.; Degtyarev, Sergey Kh et al. (1 April 2003). "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Research 31 (7): 1805–1812. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg274. ISSN 1362-4962. PMID 12654995. PMC 152790. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC152790/. 
  5. ↑ Roberts, Richard J.; Macelis, Dana (11 May 1992). "Restriction enzymes and their isoschizomers". Nucleic Acids Research 20 (suppl): 2167–2180. doi:10.1093/nar/20.suppl.2167. 
  6. ↑ Nelson, M.; McClelland, M. (1 January 1987). "The effect of site-specific methylation on restriction-modification enzymes". Nucleic Acids Research 15. doi:10.1093/nar/15.suppl.r219. PMID 3033612. 
  7. ↑ Harrison, Alan; Parle-McDermott, Anne (2011). "DNA Methylation: A Timeline of Methods and Applications". Frontiers in Genetics 2. doi:10.3389/fgene.2011.00074. 
  8. ↑ Glick, Bernard R.; Patten, Cheryl L. (2022). Molecular biotechnology: principles and applications of recombinant DNA (Sixth ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-ASM Press. p. 15. ISBN 9781683673668. 

See also



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