Biology:Julidinae
The julidine wrasses are saltwater fish of the subfamily Julidinae, a subgroup of the wrasse family (Labridae).[1] It contains the highest number of genera and species out of all the wrasse tribes, with 20 genera and over 200 species,[2] comprising almost a third of all wrasse species.[3]
Taxonomy
A 2005 molecular phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the monophyly of this clade.[2][3] It was formerly treated as the tribe Julidini, but is now recognized as its own subfamily by Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes.[1][4]
It also found that the cleaner wrasse genera that traditionally comprised the tribe Labrichthyini (Labrichthys, Labropsis, Diproctacanthus, Larabicus, and Labroides), although forming a monophyletic group, were all nested within Julidini. Labrichthys is the sister group to the other cleaner wrasse genera,[2][3] and does not act as a cleaner; it is an obligate corallivore for its entire life.[5] Larabicus, Diproctacanthus, and Labropsis are cleaners only as juveniles and feed on corals as adults, while Labroides is a cleaner for its entire life.[5][6][7]
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The subfamily Pseudolabrinae is likely the sister group of Julidinae, if not nested within the Julidinae; the former is additionally supported by Hughes et al 2023.[2][3]
Several genera in this tribe are problematic. Most notably, Halichoeres and Coris are paraphyletic or polyphyletic.[2][3] Gomphosus has also been repeatedly found nested within Thalassoma.[3]
The difficulty in resolving relationships within Julidini is a result of the rapid speciation of julidine wrasses.[3]
Evolution
The tribe Julidini likely originated in the Eocene.[3] It is hypothesized that the relatively warm and stable climate that followed the Early Eocene Climactic Optimum may have played a part in the diversification of julidine wrasses. Fossil julidine wrasses such as †Coris sigismundi have been found in rocks dating to the Miocene.[3][4] Potential fossil julidines such as †Eocoris Bannikov & Sorbini, 2010 and †Paralabrus Bannikov & Zorzini, 2019 are known as early as the Eocene, though their placement in this subfamily is uncertain.[8]
Genera
Based on Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (2025):[9]
| Genera | Image |
|---|---|
| Anampses
Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 |
frameless |
| Coris
Lacépède, 1801 |
frameless
C. bulbifrons |
| Diproctacanthus
Bleeker, 1862 |
frameless |
| Frontilabrus
Randall & Condé, 1989 |
|
| Gomphosus
Lacépède, 1801 |
frameless |
| Halichoeres
Rüppell, 1835 |
frameless
H. hortulanus |
| Hemigymnus
Günther, 1861 |
frameless |
| Hologymnosus
Lacépède, 1801 |
frameless |
| Labrichthys
Bleeker, 1854 |
frameless |
| Labroides
Bleeker, 1851 |
frameless |
| Labropsis
P. J. Schmidt, 1931 |
frameless
L. alleni |
| Larabicus
Randall & Springer, 1973 |
frameless |
| Leptojulis
Bleeker, 1862 |
frameless |
| Macropharyngodon
Bleeker, 1862 |
frameless |
| Minilabrus
Randall & Dor, 1981 |
|
| Ophthalmolepis
Bleeker, 1862 |
frameless |
| Parajulis
Bleeker, 1865 |
frameless |
| Pseudocoris
Bleeker, 1862 |
frameless
P. bleekeri |
| Pseudojuloides
Fowler, 1949 |
frameless |
| Stethojulis
Günther, 1861 |
frameless |
| Thalassoma
Swainson, 1839 |
frameless |
| Xenojulis
de Beaufort, 1939 |
frameless |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Van der Laan, R. (2025). "ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION" (in en). https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Westneat, Mark W.; Alfaro, Michael E. (2005-03-11). "Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the reef fish family Labridae" (in en). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36 (2): 370–390. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.001. PMID 15955516. Bibcode: 2005MolPE..36..370W. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790305000400.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Hughes, Lily C; Nash, Chloe M; White, William T; Westneat, Mark W (2023-05-01). "Concordance and Discordance in the Phylogenomics of the Wrasses and Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae)". Systematic Biology 72 (3): 530–543. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac072. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 36331534. https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/72/3/530/6798871.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Brownstein, Chase D.; Harrington, Richard C.; Alencar, Laura R. V.; Bellwood, David R.; Choat, John H.; Rocha, Luiz A.; Wainwright, Peter C.; Tavera, Jose et al. (2025-05-07). "Phylogenomics establishes an Early Miocene reconstruction of reef vertebrate diversity". Science Advances 11 (19). doi:10.1126/sciadv.adu6149. PMID 40333985. Bibcode: 2025SciA...11.6149B.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cole, A. J. (2010-03-01). "Cleaning to corallivory: ontogenetic shifts in feeding ecology of tubelip wrasse" (in en). Coral Reefs 29 (1): 125–129. doi:10.1007/s00338-009-0563-z. ISSN 1432-0975. Bibcode: 2010CorRe..29..125C. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00338-009-0563-z.
- ↑ Grutter, Alexandra S.; Feeney, William E. (2016-09-01). "Equivalent cleaning in a juvenile facultative and obligate cleaning wrasse: an insight into the evolution of cleaning in labrids?" (in en). Coral Reefs 35 (3): 991–997. doi:10.1007/s00338-016-1460-x. ISSN 1432-0975. Bibcode: 2016CorRe..35..991G. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00338-016-1460-x.
- ↑ Baliga, Vikram B.; Law, Chris J. (2016-01-01). "Cleaners among wrasses: Phylogenetics and evolutionary patterns of cleaning behavior within Labridae". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94 (Pt A): 424–435. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.006. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 26458760. Bibcode: 2016MolPE..94..424B. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790315002729.
- ↑ BANNIKOV, ALEXANDRE F; ZORZIN, ROBERTO (2019). "Paralabrus rossiae, a new genus and species of putative labroid fish (Perciformes) from the Eocene of Bolca in northern Italy". Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca XIX (16): 39–47. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336367425.
- ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron; van der Laan, Richard, eds. "Genera in the family Julidinae". California Academy of Sciences. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=genus&family=Julidinae.
Wikidata ☰ Q132713077 entry
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