Biology:Kiliasia
Kiliasia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae.[1] It comprises seven species.[2]
Taxonomy
It was originally erected by Josef Hafellner in 1984 as a monospecific genus to accommodate the species Kiliasia athallina.[3] The genus was later included in Toninia by Einar Timdal in 1992.[4] However, molecular phylogenetics studies by Sonja Kistenich and colleagues (2018) have shown that Kiliasia represents a distinct lineage within the Ramalinaceae, leading to its resurrection as a separate genus. Several species now placed in Kiliasia were originally described in other genera such as Biatora, Catillaria, and Lecidea before being transferred to Toninia and then Kiliasia.[5]
Kiliasia corresponds partly to Timdal's (1992) Toninia groups 1, 3, and 7. It forms a distinct clade within the Toninia-group of the Ramalinaceae in molecular phylogenies.[5]
Description
The thallus (body) of Kiliasia species is typically crustose, meaning it forms a crust-like growth tightly attached to its [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. However, the genus shows some variation in growth forms, with some species being non-lichen forming (lacking the algal partner) and others forming [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (small, scale-like structures).[5]
The fruiting bodies (reproductive structures) of Kiliasia are apothecia, which are disc-shaped structures that produce spores. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] show variation within the genus. They range from ellipsoid (oval-shaped) and 1-septate (having one cross-wall) to shortly [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (short rod-shaped) and 3-septate (having three cross-walls).[5]
Some species in the genus may contain a green pigment in the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (the uppermost layer of the apothecium) and [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (the outer layer of the apothecium). This pigment does not change colour when treated with potassium hydroxide (K–) but turns violet when treated with nitric acid (N+ violet). This pigment is referred to as 'Bagliettoana-green' in lichenological literature.[5]
Species
As of October 2024[update], Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accept seven species of Kiliasia:[1]
- Kiliasia athallina (Hepp) Hafellner (1984)
- Kiliasia episema (Nyl.) Hafellner (1984)
- Kiliasia granulosa (Szatala) Timdal (2018)
- Kiliasia nordlandica (Th.Fr.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
- Kiliasia pennina (Schaer.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
- Kiliasia sculpturata (H.Magn.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
- Kiliasia superioris (Timdal) Timdal (2018)
The species once known as Kiliasia scotinodes (Nyl.) Coppins (1988) is now in the genus Catillaria, as C. scotinodes.[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Kiliasia". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/588R.
- ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K. et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere 13 (1): 53–453 [152]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358798332.
- ↑ Hafellner, J.. "Studien in Richtung einer natürlichen Gliederung der Sammelfamilien Lecanoracae und Lecideaceae" (in de). Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 79: 241–371.
- ↑ Timdal, E. (1992). "A monograph of the genus Toninia (Lecideaceae, Ascomycetes)". Opera Botanica 110: 1–137.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Kistenich, Sonja; Timdal, Einar; Bendiksby, Mika; Ekman, Stefan (2018). "Molecular systematics and character evolution in the lichen family Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota: Lecanorales)". Taxon 67 (5): 871–904. doi:10.12705/675.1.
- ↑ "Record Details: Kiliasia scotinodes (Nyl.) Coppins [as 'scotinoides', in Gilbert, Coppins & Fox, Lichenologist 20(3): 238 (1988)"]. Index Fungorum. https://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=133624.
Wikidata ☰ Q60181191 entry
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