Biology:List of Nepenthes species

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Sympatric upper pitchers of N. jamban (left) and N. lingulata (right) in Sumatran upper montane forest

This list of Nepenthes species is a comprehensive listing of all known species of the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes. It includes 179 recognised extant species, 2 incompletely diagnosed taxa, and 3 nothospecies. Three possible extinct species are also covered.

The official IUCN conservation status of each species is taken from the latest edition of the IUCN Red List.[1] Unofficial assessments based on the IUCN criteria are also included, but are presented in italics. Unless otherwise noted, taxonomic determinations and all other information are sourced from Stewart McPherson's two-volume Pitcher Plants of the Old World, published in 2009.[2] Where recent literature provides an altitudinal distribution that falls outside the range given in Pitcher Plants of the Old World, the discrepancy is noted.

All major islands within a species's geographic range are included. Smaller surrounding islands are listed separately under "Minor islands", though these lists are not exhaustive. In the case of archipelagos such as the Philippines , the individual islands to which the species is native are shown in brackets.

Authorities are presented in the form of a standard author citation, using abbreviations specified by the International Plant Names Index.[3] Years given denote the year of the species's formal publication under the current name, thus excluding the earlier basionym date of publication if one exists.

Extant species

Species Authority Year Image Distribution Altitudinal distribution IUCN conservation status
Nepenthes abalata[4] Jebb & Cheek[4] 2013[4] Philippines (Culion, Cuyo, Malalison)[4] 0–20 m[4] Least Concern
Nepenthes abgracilis[5] Jebb & Cheek[5] 2013[5] Nepenthes abgracilis botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[5] 670 m[5] Critically Endangered[5]
Nepenthes adnata Tamin & M.Hotta ex Schlauer 1994          Nepenthesadnata2.jpg Sumatra 600–1200 m Endangered
Nepenthes aenigma[6] Nuytemans, W.Suarez & Calaramo[6] 2016[6] Philippines (Luzon)[6] c. 1200 m[6] Data Deficient[6]
Nepenthes alata Blanco 1837 Nepenthes alata ASR 062007 mt ambucao luzon.jpg Philippines (Luzon)[7][nb 1] 550–? m[nb 1] Least Concern
Nepenthes alba Ridl. 1924 Nepenthes alba3.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 1600–2187 m Least Concern
Nepenthes albomarginata T.Lobb ex Lindl. 1849 Nep alb265.jpg Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra

Minor islands: Nias, Penang		 0–1100 m[nb 2] Least Concern
Nepenthes alfredoi V.B.Amoroso, N.E.Lagunday, F.P. Coritico & R.D.Colong[9] 2017[9][10] Philippines (Mindanao)[9] 160–345 m[9] Critically Endangered[9]
Nepenthes alzapan[11] Jebb & Cheek[11] 2013[11] Nepenthes alzapan botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Luzon)[11] 1800 m[11] Data Deficient
Nepenthes ampullaria Jack 1835 Nep amp 295.jpg Borneo, Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand

Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Bengkalis, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[14] Riau Archipelago), Rupat		 0–2100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes andamana[15] M.Catal.[15] 2010[15] N. andamana2 cropped.jpg Thailand[15] 0–50 m[16]
Nepenthes angasanensis Maulder, D.Schub., B.R.Salmon & B.Quinn 1999 Sumatra 2200–2800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes appendiculata[17] Chi.C.Lee, Bourke, Rembold, W.Taylor & S.T.Yeo[17] 2011[17] Borneo[17] 1450–1700 m[17] Least Concern
Nepenthes argentii Jebb & Cheek 1997 Nepenthes argentii ASR 062007 mt guitingguiting sibuyan.jpg Philippines (Sibuyan) 1400–1900 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes aristolochioides Jebb & Cheek 1997 Nepenthes aristolochioides5.jpg Sumatra 1800–2500 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes armin[18] Jebb & Cheek[18] 2014[18] Philippines (Sibuyan)[18] 750 m[18] Least Concern
Nepenthes attenboroughii A.S.Rob., S.McPherson & V.B.Heinrich 2009 Attlwr.jpg Philippines (Palawan) 1450[19]–1726 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes barcelonae[20] Tandang & Cheek[20] 2015[20] Philippines (Luzon)[20] 1500–1700 m[20] Critically Endangered[20]
Nepenthes beccariana Macfarl. 1908 Nepenthes beccariana1.jpg Nias, Sumatra?[21] unknown
(0–<800 m)[22]		 Data Deficient[23]
Nepenthes bellii K.Kondo 1969 Nepenthes bellii upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao) 0–800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes benstonei C.Clarke 1999 Nbenstonei.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 150[24]–1350 m[25] Data Deficient[21][23]
Nepenthes berbulu H.L.Tan, G.Lim, Mey, Golos, Wistuba, S.McPherson & A.S.Rob. 2023[26] Peninsular Malaysia[26] 1400-2100 m[26] Endangered
Nepenthes biak[27] Jebb & Cheek[27] 2018[27] Nepinsignis8.jpg Schouten Islands (Biak)[27] sea level[27] Critically Endangered[27]
Nepenthes bicalcarata Hook.f. 1873 Nepenthesbicalcarata1.jpg Borneo 0–?950 m[nb 3] Vulnerable
Nepenthes bokorensis Mey 2009 Nepenthes bokorensis upper.jpg Cambodia 800–1080 m Endangered[28]
Nepenthes bongso Korth. 1839 Nepenthes carunculata upper pitcher.jpg Sumatra 1000–2700 m Least Concern
Nepenthes boschiana Korth. 1839 Nepenthes boschiana1.jpg Borneo 1200–1800 m[nb 4] Endangered
Nepenthes bracteosa Suran. & Nuanlaong 2022 Thailand 710-760 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes burbidgeae Hook.f. ex Burb. 1882 Pig Hill Kinabalu N. burbidgeae.jpg Borneo 1200–1800 m[nb 5] Endangered
Nepenthes burkei Hort.Veitch ex Mast. 1889 Nepenthes burkei ASR 062007 mt halcon mindoro.jpg Philippines (Mindoro, Panay?) 1100–2000 m Conservation Dependent[23]
Nepenthes cabanae[31] Lagunday, N. E. & Amoroso, V. B.[31] 2019 [31] Philippines (Mindanao)[31] 1020-1050 m[31] Critically Endangered[31]
Nepenthes calcicola[32][33] Gary W.Wilson, S.Venter & Damas[32][33] 2023[32][33] Papua New Guinea[32][33] 250–270 m[32] Vulnerable[32]
Nepenthes campanulata Sh.Kurata 1973 Nepenthes campanulata.jpg Borneo, Philippines (Palawan?[34]) 100–300 m[34] Vulnerable
Nepenthes candalaga Lagunday & V. B. Amoroso 2022 Philippines (Mindanao)[35] 1800 – 2100 m[35] Critically Endangered
Nepenthes ceciliae[36] Gronem., Coritico, Micheler, Marwinski, Acil & V.B.Amoroso[36] 2011[36] Nepenthes ceciliae upper pitchers.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[36] 1500–1880 m[36] Critically Endangered[37]
Nepenthes chang[38] M.Catal.[38] 2010[38] Nepenthes chang rosette cropped.jpg Thailand[38] 300–600 m[38]
Nepenthes chaniana C.Clarke, Chi.C.Lee & S.McPherson 2006 Nepenthes chaniana 1.jpg Borneo 1100–1800 m Endangered
Nepenthes cid[5] Jebb & Cheek[5] 2013[5] Nepenthes cid botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[5] 770 m[5] Critically Endangered[5]
Nepenthes clipeata Danser 1928 Nepenthes Clipeata.jpg Borneo 600–800 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes copelandii Merr. ex Macfarl. 1908 Nepenthes copelandii2.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 1100–2400 m[19] Least Concern
Nepenthes cornuta[39] Marwinski, Coritico, Wistuba, Micheler, Gronem., Gieray & V.B.Amoroso[39] 2014[39] Nepenthes cornuta lower pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[39] ~1000 m[39] Vulnerable[39]
Nepenthes danseri Jebb & Cheek 1997 Raja Ampat Islands (Waigeo)[40] 0–320 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes deaniana Macfarl. 1908 Nepenthes deaniana ASR 062007 pulgar palawan.jpg Philippines (Palawan) 1180–1296 m Near Threatened
Nepenthes densiflora Danser 1940 Nepenthes densiflora Mount Kemiri cropped.jpg Sumatra 1700–3200 m Least Concern
Nepenthes diabolica[41] A.Bianchi, Chi.C.Lee, Golos, Mey, M.Mansur & A.S.Rob.[41] 2020[41] Nepenthes hamata hairy pitcher.jpg Sulawesi[41] 2200–2300 m[41] Critically Endangered[41]
Nepenthes diatas Jebb & Cheek 1997 Nepenthes diatas.jpg Sumatra 2400–2900 m Least Concern
Nepenthes distillatoria L. 1753 Nepenthes distillatoria 5.jpg Sri Lanka 0–700 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes domei[42] M.N.Faizal, A.Amin, & A.Latiff[42] 2020[42] Peninsular Malaysia[42] 850-1000 m[42] Vulnerable[42]
Nepenthes dubia Danser 1928 Nepenthesdubia1.jpg Sumatra 1600–2700 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes edwardsiana H.Low ex Hook.f. 1859 Nepenthes edwardsiana entire ASR 052007 tambu.jpg Borneo 1600–2700 m[nb 6] Vulnerable
Nepenthes ephippiata Danser 1928 Nepenthes ephippiata.jpg Borneo 1300–2000 m[nb 7] Vulnerable
Nepenthes epiphytica[44] A.S.Rob., Nerz & Wistuba[44] 2011[44] Borneo[44] ~1000 m[44]
Nepenthes erucoides[45] A.S. Rob. & S.G. Zamudio[45] 2019[45] Nepenthes erucoides Alastair Robinson.jpg Philippines (Dinagat Islands)[45] 800-929 m[45] Critically endangered[45]
Nepenthes eustachya Miq. 1858 Nepeustachya5.jpg Sumatra 0–1600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes extincta[46] Jebb & Cheek[46] 2013[46] Nepenthes extincta botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[46] c. 400 m[46] Critically Endangered[46]
Nepenthes eymae Sh.Kurata 1984 Nepenthes eymae upper pitcher.jpg Sulawesi 1000–2000 m Least Concern
Nepenthes faizaliana J.H.Adam & Wilcock 1991 Pinnacles N. faizaliana 10.jpg Borneo 400–1600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes flava Wistuba, Nerz & A.Fleischm. 2007 Nepenthes flava13.jpg Sumatra 1800–2200 m
Nepenthes fractiflexa[47] Golos, A.S.Rob. & Barer[47] 2020[47] Borneo[47] 1400–2150 m[47] Near Threatened[47]
Nepenthes fusca Danser 1928 N.fusca up3.jpg Borneo 300[48]–2500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes gantungensis[49] S.McPherson, Cervancia, Chi.C.Lee, Jaunzems, Mey & A.S.Rob.[49] 2010[49] Nepenthes gantungensis1.jpg Philippines (Palawan)[49] 1600–1784 m[49] Vulnerable
Nepenthes glabrata J.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton 1984 Nepglabrata5.jpg Sulawesi 1600–2100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes glandulifera Chi.C.Lee 2004 Borneo 1100–1700 m
Nepenthes graciliflora[7] Elmer[7] 1912[7] Nepenthes alata ASR 062007 mt halcon mindoro.jpg Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Panay, Samar, Sibuyan)[7] 300–1280 m[7] Least Concern
Nepenthes gracilis Korth. 1839 Pitcher plant2.JPG Borneo, Cambodia,[50] Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand

Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka, Belitung[51]), Batu Islands, Bengkalis, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Labuan,[52] Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Musala, Nias, Penang, Phuket, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[14] Riau Archipelago), Rupat		 0–1100 m[nb 8] Least Concern
Nepenthes gracillima Ridl. 1908 Nepenthes gracillima1.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 1400–2000 m[24] Least Concern
Nepenthes gymnamphora Reinw. ex Nees 1824 Nepenthes pectinata11.jpg Java, Sumatra 600–2800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes halmahera[40] Cheek[40] 2015[40] Maluku Islands (Halmahera)[40] 10–760 m[40] Least Concern
Nepenthes hamata J.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton 1984 Nepenthes hamata upper pitcher.jpg Sulawesi 1400–2500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes hamiguitanensis[53] Gronem., Wistuba, V.B.Heinrich, S.McPherson, Mey & V.B.Amoroso[53] 2010[53] Nepenthes hamiguitanensis.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[53] 1200–1600 m[53] Vulnerable[53]
Nepenthes harauensis[54] Hernawati, R.Satria & Chi.C.Lee [54] 2022 [54] Sumatra[54] 1100–1400 m [54] Unassessed(?)[54]
Nepenthes hemsleyana[55] Macfarl.[55] 1908[55] Nepenthes rafflesiana var. elongata upper pitcher.jpg Borneo[55] 0–200 m[56] Conservation Dependent[57]
Nepenthes hirsuta Hook.f. 1873 Nep hir274.jpg Borneo 200–1100 m[nb 9] Least Concern
Nepenthes hirtella Nuanlaong & Suran. 2022 Thailand 348 - 355 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes hispida Beck 1895 Lambir Hills N. hispida 3.jpg Borneo 100–800 m Conservation Dependent
Nepenthes holdenii[59] Mey[59] 2010[59] Nepenthes holdenii lower pitcher.jpg Cambodia[59] 600–800 m[59] Near Threatened[59]
Nepenthes hurrelliana Cheek & A.L.Lamb 2003 Murud N. hurreliana.jpg Borneo 1300[48]–2400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes inermis Danser 1928 Nepenthes inermis5.jpg Sumatra 1500–2600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes insignis Danser 1928 N. insignis3.jpg New Guinea[27] 0–850 m Least Concern
Nepenthes izumiae Troy Davis, C.Clarke & Tamin 2003 Nepenthes izumiae4.jpg Sumatra 1700–1900 m Least Concern
Nepenthes jacquelineae C.Clarke, Troy Davis & Tamin 2001 Nepjacq2.jpg Sumatra 1700–2200 m Data Deficient[21][23] / Conservation Dependent[60]
Nepenthes jamban Chi.C.Lee, Hernawati & Akhriadi 2006 Nepenthesjamban3.jpg Sumatra 1800–2100 m
Nepenthes junghuhnii sensu Macfarl. in sched. nom.nud. 1917 Sumatra 1220 m Data Deficient[23]
Nepenthes justinae[6] Gronem., Wistuba, Mey & V.B.Amoroso[6] 2016[6] Nepenthes Mount Hamiguitan Range7.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[6] 1000–1620 m[6] Vulnerable[6]
Nepenthes kampotiana Lecomte 1909 Nepenthes kampotiana1.jpg Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam[61] 0–600 m[24] Least Concern
Nepenthes kerrii[62] M.Catal. & Kruetr.[62] 2010[62] Nepenthes kerrii.jpg Thailand

Minor islands: Langkawi?[63]		 400–500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes khasiana Hook.f. 1873 Nepenthes khasiana.jpg India 500–1500 m Endangered
Nepenthes kitanglad[46] Jebb & Cheek[46] 2013[46] Nepenthes kitanglad upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[46] 1800–2100 m[46] Critically Endangered[46]
Nepenthes klossii Ridl. 1916 Nepenthes klossii upper pitcher.jpg New Guinea 930[64]–2000 m Endangered
Nepenthes kongkandana M.Catal. & Kruetr.[65] 2015[65] N. kongkandana2.jpg Thailand 0–50 m
Nepenthes krabiensis[66] Nuanlaong, Onsanit, Chusangrach & Suraninpong[66] 2016[66] Thailand[66] 600–700 m[66] Critically Endangered[66]
Nepenthes lamii Jebb & Cheek 1997 Nlamiiupper2800.jpg New Guinea 3200–3520 m[67] Least Concern
Nepenthes latiffiana[42] M.N.Faizal, A.Amin & N.Dome[42] 2020[42] Peninsular Malaysia[42] 1000-1100 m[42] Vulnerable[42]
Nepenthes lavicola Wistuba & Rischer 1996 Sumatra 2000–2600 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes leonardoi[68] S.McPherson, Bourke, Cervancia, Jaunzems & A.S.Rob.[68] 2011[68] Nepenthes leonardoi.jpg Philippines (Palawan)[68] 1300–1490 m[68] Least Concern
Nepenthes leyte[46] Jebb & Cheek[46] 2013[46] Nepenthes leyte botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Leyte)[46] 900 m[46] Critically Endangered[46]
Nepenthes limiana[69] Wistuba, Mey, Golos, S. McPherson & A.S. Rob.[69] 2023[69] Malaysia[69] 700-2171 m [69] Data Deficient[69]
Nepenthes lingulata Chi.C.Lee, Hernawati & Akhriadi 2006 Nepentheslingulata4.jpg Sumatra 1700–2100 m
Nepenthes longifolia Nerz & Wistuba 1994 Nepenthes longifolia.jpg Sumatra 300–1100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes longiptera Victoriano 2021 Nepenthes longiptera.jpg Sumatra[70] 750 - 1600 m Endangered[70]
Nepenthes lowii Hook.f. 1859 Murud N. lowii 30.jpg Borneo 1650–2600 m[nb 10] Vulnerable
Nepenthes macfarlanei Hemsl. 1905 N. macfarlanei1.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 900–2150 m Least Concern
Nepenthes macrophylla (Marabini) Jebb & Cheek 1997 N.macrophylla.jpg Borneo 2200–2642 m[nb 11] Critically Endangered
Nepenthes macrovulgaris J.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton 1988 Nepenthes macrovulgaris upper2.jpg Borneo 300–1200 m[nb 12] Least Concern
Nepenthes madagascariensis Poir. 1797 Nepenthes madagascariensis.jpg Madagascar 0–500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes malayensis[73] A.Amin, M.N.Faizal & Dome 2020[73] N.m upper pitcher.jpg Peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu) 800-1000 m[73] Critically Endangered[73]
Nepenthes malimumuensis[74] Lagunday, Acma, Cabana, Sabas & V.B. Amoroso 2017 Philippines (Mindanao) 1000–1020 m Critically Endangered[74]
Nepenthes manobo[74] Lagunday, Acma, Cabana, Sabas & V.B. Amoroso 2017 Philippines (Mindanao) 1000–1020 m Critically Endangered[74]
Nepenthes mantalingajanensis Nerz & Wistuba 2007 Nepenthes mantalingajanensis ASR 072007 mantalingahan palawan.jpg Philippines (Palawan) 1700–2085 m Least Concern
Nepenthes mapuluensis J.H.Adam & Wilcock 1990 Nepenthes mapuluensis lower pitcher.jpg Borneo 700–800 m Endangered
Nepenthes maryae[75] Jebb & Cheek[75] 2016[75] Sulawesi[75] 2100 m[75] Vulnerable[75]
Nepenthes masoalensis Schmid-Hollinger 1977 Madagascar 0–400 m Endangered
Nepenthes maxima Reinw. ex Nees 1824 Nepenthes maxima Sulawesi1.jpg D'Entrecasteaux Islands,[76] Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Sulawesi

Minor islands: Wowoni?[77]		 40[78]–2600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes maximoides[79] King & Cheek[79] 2020[79] Philippines (Luzon, possibly Mt. Banahaw)[79] Critically Endangered(possibly Extinct)[79]
Nepenthes merrilliana Macfarl. 1911 Nepenthes merrilliana lower pitcher.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao, Samar[80]) 0–1100 m[19] Vulnerable
Nepenthes micramphora V.B.Heinrich, S.McPherson, Gronem. & V.B.Amoroso 2009 Nepenthes micramphora.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 1100–1635 m Critically Endangered[37]
Nepenthes mikei B.R.Salmon & Maulder 1995 N. mikei3.jpeg Sumatra 1100–2800 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes mindanaoensis Sh.Kurata 2001 Nepenthes mindanaoensis ASR 072007 legaspi mindanao.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao) 0–1400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes minima[81] Jebb & Cheek[81] 2016[81] Sulawesi[81] 1000–1700 m[81] Vulnerable[81]
Nepenthes mira Jebb & Cheek 1998 Nepenthes mira2.jpg Philippines (Palawan) 1550–1605 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Rafarin[82] 1869[82] Apes abroad - Jug Plant (by-sa).jpg Australia , Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Islands (Palau, Yap), China (Guangdong Province, Hainan,[83] Hong Kong, Macau), D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Java, Laos, Louisiade Archipelago, Maluku Islands, Myanmar, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao), Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam

Minor islands:[12] Babi, Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Banyak Islands, Batu Islands, Bengkalis, Enggano, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (North Pagai, Siberut, Sipura, South Pagai), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Phuket, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Riau Archipelago), Rupat, Tawi-Tawi,[46] Wowoni?[77]		 0–1500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes mollis Danser 1928 Borneo ~1800 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes monticola[67] A.S.Rob., Wistuba, Nerz, M.Mansur & S.McPherson[67] 2011[67] Nepentheslamiiupperpitcher2800.jpg New Guinea[67] 1400–2620 m[67] Least Concern
Nepenthes muluensis M.Hotta 1966 Murud N. muluensis 10.jpg Borneo 1700–2400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes murudensis Culham ex Jebb & Cheek 1997 Murud N. murudensis 14.jpg Borneo 2000–2423 m Least Concern
Nepenthes naga Akhriadi, Hernawati, Primaldhi & M.Hambali 2009 Nepsumatra5.jpg Sumatra 1500–2000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes nebularum[84] G.Mansell & W.Suarez[84] 2016[84] Philippines (Mindanao)[84] ≤1800 m[84] Data Deficient[84]
Nepenthes negros[7] Jebb & Cheek[7] 2013[7] Philippines (Biliran, Negros)[7] Critically Endangered[7]
Nepenthes neoguineensis Macfarl. 1911 N. neoguineensis6.jpg D'Entrecasteaux Islands, New Guinea, Raja Ampat Islands (Misool?[64]) 0–1400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes nigra[85] Nerz, Wistuba, Chi.C.Lee, Bourke, U.Zimm. & S.McPherson[85] 2011[85] Nepenthes from Sulawesi4.jpg Sulawesi[85] 1500–2700 m[85] Least Concern
Nepenthes northiana Hook.f. 1881 N.northaiana.jpg Borneo 0–500 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes ovata Nerz & Wistuba 1994 Nepenthes ovata2.jpg Sumatra 1700–2100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes palawanensis[86] S.McPherson, Cervancia, Chi.C.Lee, Jaunzems, Mey & A.S.Rob.[86] 2010[86] Nepenthes palawanensis1.jpg Philippines (Palawan)[86] 1100–1236 m[86] Endangered
Nepenthes paniculata Danser 1928 Nepenthes paniculata lower pitcher.jpg New Guinea ~1460 m Endangered
Nepenthes pantaronensis[39] Gieray, Gronem., Wistuba, Marwinski, Micheler, Coritico & V.B.Amoroso[39] 2014[39] Nepenthes pantaronensis upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[39] "intermediate altitudes"[39] Least Concern
Nepenthes papuana Danser 1928 Nepenthes papuana lower pitcher.jpg New Guinea 0–1300 m Least Concern
Nepenthes parvula[87] Gary W.Wilson & S.Venter[87] 2016 Australia [87] Least Concern
Nepenthes peltata Sh.Kurata 2008 Nepenthes peltata2.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 865–1635 m Critically Endangered[37]
Nepenthes pervillei Blume 1852 Nepenthes pervillei1.jpg Seychelles 350–750 m Least Concern
Nepenthes petiolata Danser 1928 Nepenthes petiolata upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 1450–1900 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes philippinensis Macfarl. 1908 Nepenthes philippinensis ASR 072007 bacungan palawan.jpg Philippines (Busuanga, Coron, Culion, Linapacan, Palawan)[19][88] 0–600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes pilosa Danser 1928 Nepenthes pilosa2.jpg Borneo ~1600 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes pitopangii Chi.C.Lee, S.McPherson, Bourke & M.Mansur[89] 2009[89] SulawesiNepenthes7.jpg Sulawesi 1400–1800 m[63] Vulnerable
Nepenthes platychila Chi.C.Lee 2002 Borneo 900–1400 m
Nepenthes pulchra[90] Gronem., S.McPherson, Coritico, Micheler, Marwinski & V.B.Amoroso[90] 2011[90] Nepenthes pulchra aerial pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[90] 1300–1800 m[90] Critically Endangered[37]
Nepenthes putaiguneung Metusala, Farishy, & Jebb[91] 2020[91] Indonesia (Sumatra)[91]
Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack 1835 Nepenthes rafflesiana ant.jpg Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra

Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Labuan,[52] Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[14] Riau Archipelago)		 0–1200 m[nb 13] Least Concern
Nepenthes rajah Hook.f. 1859 Nepenthes rajah.png Borneo 1500–2650 m Endangered
Nepenthes ramispina Ridl. 1909 N.ramispina2.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 900–2000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes ramos[92] Jebb & Cheek[92] 2013[92] Nepenthes ramos upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[92]

Minor islands: Camiguin, other neighbouring islands[6]		 at least 670–1400 m[nb 14] Critically Endangered[92] / Near Threatened[6]
Nepenthes reinwardtiana Miq. 1852 Nepreinwardtiana.jpg Borneo, Sumatra

Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Nias, Riau Islands (Natuna Islands[14])		 0–2200 m Least Concern
Nepenthes rhombicaulis Sh.Kurata 1973 Nepenthes rhombicaulis1.jpg Sumatra 1600–2000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes rigidifolia Akhriadi, Hernawati & Tamin 2004 Nepenthes rigidifolia.jpg Sumatra 1000–1600 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes robcantleyi Cheek[93] 2011[93] Nepenthes truncata 2011 Chelsea Flower Show-2.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[93] ~1800 m[93] Critically Endangered[93]
Nepenthes rosea[94] M.Catal. & Kruetr.[94] 2014[94] Nepenthes rosea - lower pitcher.jpg Thailand[94] 450–520 m[94]
Nepenthes rowaniae F.M.Bailey 1897 Nepenthes rowanae2.jpg Australia 0–80 m Least Concern
Nepenthes samar[95] Jebb & Cheek[95] 2013[95] Philippines (Samar)[95] "low elevation"[95] Critically Endangered[95]
Nepenthes sanguinea Lindl. 1849 N. sanguinea1.jpg Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand 300–1800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes saranganiensis Sh.Kurata 2003 Philippines (Mindanao) 1800–2100 m Endangered[37]
Nepenthes sericea[96] Golos, Wistuba, G.Lim, Mey, S.McPherson & A.S.Rob.[96] 2023[96] Peninsular Malaysia[96] 1300–2183 m[96] Least Concern[96]
Nepenthes sibuyanensis Nerz 1998 Nepenthes sibuyanensis ASR 062007 guiting2 sibuyan.jpg Philippines (Sibuyan) 1250–1500 m[nb 15] Vulnerable
Nepenthes singalana Becc. 1886 Nepenthes singalana2.jpg Sumatra 2000–2900 m Least Concern
Nepenthes smilesii Hemsl. 1895 N. smilesii pitchers.jpg Cambodia,[99] Laos, Thailand, Vietnam[100] 0[99]–1500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes spathulata Danser 1935 Nepspathulata2.jpg Sumatra 1100–2900 m Least Concern
Nepenthes spectabilis Danser 1928 Nepenthes spectabilis 2.JPG Sumatra 1400–2200 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes stenophylla Mast. 1890 N.fallax.jpg Borneo 800–2600 m[nb 16] Least Concern
Nepenthes sumagaya[101] Cheek[101] 2014[101] Nepenthes amabilis upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[39] 1600–2247 m[39] Endangered[39]
Nepenthes sumatrana (Miq.) Beck 1895 Nsumatrana11.jpg Sumatra 0–800 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes suratensis[102] M.Catal.[102] 2010[102] N. suratensis2.jpg Thailand[102] 0–200 m[63] Critically Endangered
Nepenthes surigaoensis Elmer 1915 Nepenthes surigaoensis upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 800–1200 m[nb 17] Endangered[37]
Nepenthes talaandig[39] Gronem., Coritico, Wistuba, Micheler, Marwinski, Gieray & V.B.Amoroso[39] 2014[39] Nepenthes talaandig lower pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[39] ~1000 m[39] Vulnerable[39]
Nepenthes talangensis Nerz & Wistuba 1994 Nepenthes talangensis1.jpg Sumatra 1800–2500 m Endangered
Nepenthes tboli[18] Jebb & Cheek[18] 2014[18] Philippines (Mindanao)[18] 1463 m[18] Critically Endangered[18]
Nepenthes tenax C.Clarke & R.Kruger 2006 Nepenthes tenax1.jpg Australia 0–80 m Least Concern
Nepenthes tentaculata Hook.f. 1873 Nep tent311.jpg Borneo, Sulawesi 400–2550 m Least Concern
Nepenthes tenuis Nerz & Wistuba 1994 Nepenthes tenuis5.jpg Sumatra 1000–1200 m Endangered
Nepenthes thai[28] Cheek[28] 2009[28] N. thai.jpeg Thailand[28] 500–600 m[28] Endangered[28]
Nepenthes thorelii Lecomte 1909 N.Thorelii P6230327.JPG Vietnam 10–20 m[104] Data Deficient
Nepenthes tobaica Danser 1928 Nepenthes tobaica lower pitcher.jpg Sumatra 380–1800 m[nb 18] Least Concern
Nepenthes tomoriana Danser 1928 Neptomoriana1.jpg Sulawesi 0–500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes treubiana Warb. 1891 Nepenthes treubiana1.jpg New Guinea, Raja Ampat Islands (Misool?) 0–80 m[nb 19] Least Concern
Nepenthes truncata Macfarl. 1911 Nepenthes truncata 2.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Leyte, Mindanao)[19] 0–1500 m Endangered
Nepenthes ultra[105] Jebb & Cheek[105] 2013[105] Philippines (Luzon)[105] 1.5–40(–400?) m[105][nb 20] Endangered[105]
Nepenthes ulukaliana[96] A.S.Rob., Wistuba, Mey, Golos, G.Lim & S.McPherson[96] 2023[96] Peninsular Malaysia[96] 1200–1772 m[96] Near Threatened [96]
Nepenthes undulatifolia[106] Nerz, Wistuba, U.Zimm., Chi.C.Lee, Pirade & Pitopang[106] 2011[106] Sulawesi[106] ~1800 m[106] Data Deficient[106]
Nepenthes veitchii Hook.f. 1859 Veitchii1 cropped.jpg Borneo 0–1600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes ventricosa Blanco 1837 Nepenthes ventricosa ASR 062007 sumigar luzon.jpg Philippines (Luzon, Panay, Sibuyan)[19] 1000–2000 m Least Concern
Nepenthes vieillardii Hook.f. 1873 Nepenthes vieillardii pitcher cropped.jpg New Caledonia 0–850 m Least Concern
Nepenthes villosa Hook.f. 1852 Nepenthes villosa.jpg Borneo 1600–3240 m[nb 21] Least Concern
Nepenthes viridis[107] Micheler, Gronem., Wistuba, Marwinski, W.Suarez & V.B.Amoroso[107] 2013[107] Nepenthes viridis intermediate pitcher.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Samar)[107]

Minor islands: numerous unspecified islets off Dinagat[107]		 Endangered[37]
Nepenthes vogelii Schuit. & de Vogel 2002 Kelabit Highlands N. vogelii 28.jpg Borneo 1000–1500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes weda[40] Cheek[40] 2015[40] Maluku Islands (Halmahera)[40] 415–1014 m[40] Critically Endangered[40]
Nepenthes zygon[18] Jebb & Cheek[18] 2014[18] Philippines (Mindanao)[18] 1500–1875 m[18] Critically Endangered[18]

Incompletely diagnosed taxa

The following undescribed taxa are taken from Pitcher Plants of the Old World and its supplementary volume, New Nepenthes, published in 2011.[63]

Taxon Image Distribution Altitudinal distribution
Nepenthes sp. Anipahan[108] Philippines (Palawan)[108] 1200–1400 m[108]
Nepenthes sp. Misool RajaAmpatNep2.jpg Raja Ampat Islands (Misool) 0–30 m

Nothospecies

Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek recognised the following three nothospecies in their monographs on the genus ("A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)" (1997) and "Nepenthaceae" (2001)). In the recent literature, these taxa have generally been treated as natural hybrids rather than as species.[2][21][29][30] Of the three, N. × kinabaluensis has the strongest claim to species status, as it grows in two large, self-sustaining populations independent of its putative parent species.[29][109] These populations are reportedly true breeding.[29] Jumaat Haji Adam and C. C. Wilcock advocated the recognition of N. × kinabaluensis as a species in a 1998 article.[110]

Nothospecies Parent species Authority Year Image Distribution Altitudinal distribution IUCN conservation status
Nepenthes × hookeriana N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana Hort.Veitch ex Mast. 1881 Nepenthes hookeriana upper.jpg Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra[48] 0–450 m[8] Least Concern[23]
Nepenthes × kinabaluensis N. rajah × N. villosa Sh.Kurata ex Sh.Kurata 1984 Kinabalu N. × kinabaluensis 6.JPG Borneo[48] 2420–3030 m[48] Endangered[23]
Nepenthes × trichocarpa N. ampullaria × N. gracilis Miq. 1858 Ntrichocarpa1.jpg Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra,[48] Thailand[100] 0–800 m[29] Least Concern[23]

Extinct species

Fossil pollen of various provenance, much of it originally described under the form taxon Droseridites, has been tentatively assigned to Nepenthes by several authors.[111][112][113] The following three species were transferred to the genus Nepenthes by Wilfried Krutzsch in 1985.[111]

Species Authority Year Location Age
Nepenthes echinatus (Hunger) Krutzsch 1985 Europe Palaeocene
Nepenthes echinosporus (R.Potonié) Krutzsch 1985 Europe Palaeocene
Nepenthes major (Krutzsch) Krutzsch 1985 Europe Palaeocene

Some authors consider Droseridites major and D. parvus as synonyms of Nepenthidites laitryngewensis.[114][115]

Pollen from the Kerguelen Islands originally described as D. spinosus has also been interpreted as belonging to Nepenthes.[116]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Under the narrow circumscription of Cheek & Jebb (2013), N. alata is restricted to northern Luzon, with the more southerly plants previously referred to this species actually representing N. graciliflora, N. negros, and N. ramos.[7] This N. alata sensu stricto has an altitudinal distribution of 550 m and above.[7]
  2. ↑ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1200 m for N. albomarginata.[8]
  3. ↑ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) cite a record of N. bicalcarata from Mount Periok in Brunei at c. 1600 m.[8]
  4. ↑ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a range of 780–1880 m for N. boschiana,[29] while Clarke (1997) gives a range of 900–1880 m.[30]
  5. ↑ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2250 m for N. burbidgeae,[29] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 1100–2300 m.[8]
  6. ↑ Cheek & Jebb (2001), Clarke (1997) and Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. edwardsiana.[8][29][30]
  7. ↑ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1000 m for N. ephippiata.[29] The species has reportedly been collected from Bukit Raya at 2000–2270 m.[8][43]
  8. ↑ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1700 m for N. gracilis.[8]
  9. ↑ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 150–1500 m for N. hirsuta,[8] while Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding it at elevations as low as 160 m.[58]
  10. ↑ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1600 m for N. lowii,[29] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 900–3400 m.[8]
  11. ↑ The lower altitudinal limit of 2000 m given for N. macrophylla in some older sources[71] is apparently incorrect.[2][72]
  12. ↑ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 250 m for N. macrovulgaris.[8]
  13. ↑ Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. rafflesiana.[8]
  14. ↑ The paratype of N. ramos was collected at 670 m[92] and N. kurata (which has been synonymised with N. ramos[6]) has been recorded at c. 1400 m.[46]
  15. ↑ Rybka, Rybková & Cantley (2005) give a range of 1200–1800 m for N. sibuyanensis,[97] while the authors of the describing paper give a range of 1500–1800 m.[98]
  16. ↑ Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding N. stenophylla at 400 m.[58]
  17. ↑ Nepenthes surigaoensis may grow as high as 1750 m ("5750 feet" in the original) according to the describing author, Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer.[103]
  18. ↑ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2750 m for N. tobaica.[29]
  19. ↑ Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 500 m for N. treubiana.[29]
  20. ↑ The upper altitudinal limit of 400 m is uncertain as it is based on the figure given on Google Earth for an "inexact grid-reference" associated with a herbarium specimen.[105]
  21. ↑ Nepenthes villosa generally grows at elevations of 2300–3240 m, but is more common at 1600–1900 m on Mount Tambuyukon.[2] Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 3400 m for this species.[8]

References

  1. ↑ IUCN 2013. Nepenthes. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1. IUCN.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  3. ↑ Author Query. International Plant Names Index.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Identification and typification of Nepenthes blancoi, with N. abalata sp. nov. from the western Visayas, Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 31(2): 151–156. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00012.x
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. The Nepenthes micramphora (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Phytotaxa 151(1): 25–34. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.2
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 Gronemeyer, T., W. Suarez, H. Nuytemans, M. Calaramo, A. Wistuba, F.S. Mey & V.B. Amoroso 2016. Two new Nepenthes species from the Philippines and an emended description of Nepenthes ramos. Plants 5(2): 23. doi:10.3390/plants5020023
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Typification and redelimitation of Nepenthes alata with notes on the N. alata group, and N. negros sp. nov. from the Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 31(5): 616–622. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00099.x
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. The ecology and distribution of Bornean Nepenthes. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 5(1): 13–25.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 "Nepenthes alfredoi (Caryophyllales, Nepenthaceae), A New Species of Pitcher Plant from Mindanao, Philippines". Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology. http://asbp.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/PJSB_2017-2-003.pdf. 
  10. ↑ "Nepenthaceae". Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology. https://www.philippineplants.org/Families/Nepenthaceae.html. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes alzapan (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. Phytotaxa 100(1): 57–60. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.100.1.6
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Clarke, C.M. 2001. Appendix C: Distribution Maps. In: Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 299–307.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Rizqiani, S., N.S. Ariyanti & Sulistijorini 2018. Anatomical characters used for defining five species of Nepenthes from Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Life Science 8(3): 311–322. doi:10.11594/jtls.08.03.14
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 (in Indonesian) Mansur, M. 2012. Keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan pemakan serangga dan laju fotosintesisnya di Pulau Natuna. [Diversity on insectivorous plants and its photosynthetic rate in Natuna Island.] Berita Biologi 11(1): 33–42. Abstract
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes andamana M. Catal. sp. nov. In: Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 34.
  16. ↑ McPherson, S.R. 2010. Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 Lee, C.C., G. Bourke, W. Taylor, S.T. Yeo & K. Rembold 2011. Nepenthes appendiculata, a new pitcher plant from Sarawak. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 24–35.
  18. ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2014. Expansion of the Nepenthes alata group (Nepenthaceae), Philippines, and descriptions of three new species. Blumea 59: 144–154. doi:10.3767/000651914X685861
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 Cheek, M., D.N. Tandang & P.B. Pelser 2015. Nepenthes barcelonae (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. Phytotaxa 222(2): 145–150. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.222.2.7
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  22. ↑ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.7 von Arx, B., J. Schlauer & M. Groves 2001. CITES Carnivorous Plant Checklist. The Cromwell Press, United Kingdom.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  25. ↑ Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. A revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 33–49.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Tan, Hong L.; Lim, Gideon; Mey, François Sockhom; Golos, Michal R.; Wistuba, Andreas; McPherson, Stewart R.; Robinson, Alastair S. (2023-03-01). "Nepenthes berbulu (Nepenthaceae), a pitcher plant from Peninsular Malaysia with remarkably long lid bristles" (in en). Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 52 (1): 15–43. doi:10.55360/cpn521.fm322. https://cpn.carnivorousplants.org/Article.php/CPNv52n1p15-43. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 Cheek, M., M. Jebb, B. Murphy & F. Mambor (2018). Nepenthes section Insignes in Indonesia, with two new species. Blumea 62(3): 174–178. doi:10.3767/blumea.2018.62.03.03
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6 Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2009. Nepenthes group Montanae (Nepenthaceae) in Indo-China, with N. thai and N. bokor described as new. Kew Bulletin 64(2): 319–325. doi:10.1007/s12225-009-9117-3
  29. ↑ 29.00 29.01 29.02 29.03 29.04 29.05 29.06 29.07 29.08 29.09 29.10 Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 Lagunday, Noel E.; Amoroso, Victor B. (2019). "Nepenthes cabanae (Caryophyllales, Nepenthaceae), a new species of pitcher plant from Central Mindanao, Philippines". Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology 13 (2): 39–45. doi:10.26757/pjsb2019a13005. http://asbp.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/PJSB_2019-005.pdf. Retrieved March 2, 2020. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 Wilson, Gary; Venter, Stephanius; Damas, Kapiro (December 2023). "Nepenthes calcicola, a new pitcher plant from Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea". ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376959748_NEPENTHES_CALCICOLA_NEPENTHACEAE_A_NEW_PITCHER_PLANT_FROM_GULF_PROVINCE_PAPUA_NEW_GUINEA. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Pskhun (2024-01-06). "Species New to Science: [Botany • 2023 Nepenthes calcicola (Nepenthaceae) • A New Pitcher Plant from Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea"]. https://novataxa.blogspot.com/2024/01/nepenthes.html. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Clarke, C., C.C. Lee & V. Enar 2014. Observations of the natural history and ecology of Nepenthes campanulata. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 43(1): 7–13.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "Nepenthes candalaga Lagunday & V. B. Amoroso 2022, sp. nov. - Plazi TreatmentBank" (in en). http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E72AEA42707C412BC9EA287DFC7EFD97. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 Gronemeyer, T., F. Coritico, M. Micheler, D. Marwinski, R. Acil & V. Amoroso 2011. Nepenthes ceciliae, a new pitcher plant species from Mount Kiamo, Mindanao. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 412–423.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 37.5 37.6 Pelser, P.B; Barcelona, J.F.; Nickrent, D.L.. "Nepenthaceae". https://www.philippineplants.org/Families/Nepenthaceae.html. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes chang M. Catal. sp. nov. In: Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 38.
  39. ↑ 39.00 39.01 39.02 39.03 39.04 39.05 39.06 39.07 39.08 39.09 39.10 39.11 39.12 39.13 39.14 39.15 39.16 39.17 39.18 39.19 Gronemeyer, T., F. Coritico, A. Wistuba, D. Marwinski, T. Gieray, M. Micheler, F.S. Mey & V. Amoroso 2014. Four new species of Nepenthes L. (Nepenthaceae) from the central mountains of Mindanao, Philippines. Plants 3(2): 284–303. doi:10.3390/plants3020284
  40. ↑ 40.00 40.01 40.02 40.03 40.04 40.05 40.06 40.07 40.08 40.09 40.10 40.11 Cheek, M. 2015. Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) of Halmahera, Indonesia. Blumea 59: 215–225. doi:10.3767/000651915X689091
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.5 Bianchi, A., C.C. Lee, M.R. Golos, F.S. Mey, M. Mansur, Y.M. Mambrasar & A.S. Robinson. 2020. Nepenthes diabolica (Nepenthaceae), a new species of toothed pitcher plant from Central Sulawesi. Phytotaxa 464(1): 29–48. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.464.1.2
  42. ↑ 42.00 42.01 42.02 42.03 42.04 42.05 42.06 42.07 42.08 42.09 42.10 42.11 "View of Nepenthes latiffiana and N. domei (Nepenthaceae), two new species of pitcher plants from Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia | Webbia". Webbia 75 (1): 5–28. July 2020. doi:10.36253/jopt-7950. https://oaj.fupress.net/index.php/webbia/article/view/7950/8362. Retrieved 2020-10-25. 
  43. ↑ Nooteboom, H.P. (ed.) 1987. Report of the 1982–1983 Bukit Raya Expedition. Rijksherbarium, Leiden.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 Robinson, A.S., J. Nerz & A. Wistuba 2011. Nepenthes epiphytica, a new pitcher plant from East Kalimantan. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 36–51.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 45.5 Robinson, Alastair S.; Zamudio, Sarah Grace; Caballero, Rolly Balagon (2019-10-31). "Nepenthes erucoides (Nepenthaceae), an ultramaficolous micro-endemic from Dinagat Islands Province, northern Mindanao, Philippines". Phytotaxa 423 (1): 21–32. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.423.1.3. ISSN 1179-3163. https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.423.1.3. 
  46. ↑ 46.00 46.01 46.02 46.03 46.04 46.05 46.06 46.07 46.08 46.09 46.10 46.11 46.12 46.13 46.14 46.15 46.16 46.17 46.18 46.19 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 69: 1–23. doi:10.5852/ejt.2013.69
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 47.5 Golos, M.R., A.S. Robinson, M. Barer, M. Dančák, J. De Witte, A. Limberg, N.B.M. Sapawi & W. Tjiasmanto (2020). Nepenthes fractiflexa (Nepenthaceae), a new Bornean pitcher plant exhibiting concaulescent metatopy and a high degree of axillary bud activation. Phytotaxa 432(2): 125–143. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.432.2.3
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 48.5 Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 McPherson, S., J. Cervancia, C. Lee, M. Jaunzems, A. Fleischmann, F. Mey, E. Gironella & A. Robinson 2010. Nepenthes gantungensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Mount Gantung, Palawan, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1286–1295.
  50. ↑ Mey, F.S. 2016. The beautiful Nepenthes kampotiana x bokorensis. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, 5 October 2016.
  51. ↑ (in Indonesian) Hidayat, S., J. Hidayat, Hamzah, E. Suhandi, Tatang & Ajidin 2003. Analisis vegetasi dua jenis tumbuhan pemakan serangga di Padang Pinang Anyang, Pulau Belitung. [Vegetation analysis of two insectivorous plants in Padang Pinang Anyang, Belitung Island.] Biodiversitas 4(2): 93–96.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Burbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.4 53.5 Gronemeyer, T., A. Wistuba, V. Heinrich, S. McPherson, F. Mey & A. Amoroso 2010. Nepenthes hamiguitanensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Mindanao Island, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1296–1305.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 54.4 54.5 Hernawati, Hernawati; Satria, Robi; Lee, Ch'ien C. (2022-06-30). "Nepenthes Harauensis, A New Species of Nepenthaceae from West Sumatra" (in en). Reinwardtia 21 (1): 19–23. doi:10.14203/reinwardtia.v21i1.4306. ISSN 2337-8824. https://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/reinwardtia/article/view/4306. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 Scharmann, M. & T.U. Grafe 2013. Reinstatement of Nepenthes hemsleyana (Nepenthaceae), an endemic pitcher plant from Borneo, with a discussion of associated Nepenthes taxa. Blumea 58(1): 8–12. doi:10.3767/000651913X668465
  56. ↑ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  57. ↑ Clarke, C., J.A. Moran & C.C. Lee 2011. Nepenthes baramensis (Nepenthaceae) – a new species from north-western Borneo . Blumea 56(3): 229–233. doi:10.3767/000651911X607121
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Mansur, M. & F.Q. Brearley 2008. Ecological studies on Nepenthes at Barito Ulu, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia . Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 9(3): 271–276.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.4 59.5 Mey, F.S., M. Catalano, C. Clarke, A. Robinson, A. Fleischmann & S. McPherson 2010. Nepenthes holdenii (Nepenthaceae), a new species of pyrophytic pitcher plant from the Cardamom Mountains of Cambodia. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1306–1331.
  60. ↑ Hernawati & P. Akhriadi 2006. A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. PILI-NGO Movement, Bogor.
  61. ↑ Nunn, R. & C.N.A. Vu 2016. An account of the Nepenthes species of Vietnam. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 45(3): 93–101.
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes kerrii M. Catal. et T. Kruetr. sp. nov. In: Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 32.
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 McPherson, S.R. 2011. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Australia and New Guinea. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 (in Italian) Catalano, M. 2015. Nepenthes kongkandana, da ufficiosa ad ufficiale. AIPC Magazine 37: 4–11.
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 66.3 66.4 66.5 Nuanlaong, S., S. Onsanit, V. Chusangrach & P. Suraninpong (2016). A new species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 44(2): 128–133. doi:10.20531/tfb.2016.44.2.08
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 67.4 67.5 Robinson, A., J. Nerz, A. Wistuba, M. Mansur & S. McPherson 2011. Nepenthes lamii Jebb & Cheek, an emended description resulting from the separation of a two-species complex, and the introduction of Nepenthes monticola, a new species of highland pitcher plant from New Guinea. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 522–555.
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 68.4 McPherson, S., G. Bourke, J. Cervancia, M. Jaunzems, E. Gironella, A. Robinson & A. Fleischmann 2011. Nepenthes leonardoi (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Palawan, Philippines. Carniflora Australis 8(1): 4–19.
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 69.3 69.4 69.5 Golos, Michal R.; Mey, François Sockhom; Wistuba, Andreas; Lim, Gideon; McPherson, Stewart R.; Robinson, Alastair S. (2023-09-01). "Nepenthes limiana (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant from the northern Titiwangsa Range of Peninsular Malaysia". Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 52 (3): 128–153. doi:10.55360/cpn523.mg603. https://cpn.carnivorousplants.org/Article.php/CPNv52n3p128-153. 
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 Victoriano, Malcolm (2021-07-07). "A new species Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) and its natural hybrids from Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia" (in en). Reinwardtia 20 (1): 17–26. doi:10.14203/reinwardtia.v20i1.3932. ISSN 2337-8824. https://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/reinwardtia/article/view/3932. 
  71. ↑ Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea 42(1): 1–106.
  72. ↑ Bourke, G. 2007. Exploring the upper reaches of Gunung Trus Madi. Carniflora Australis (9): 9–16.
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.3 Tamizi, Amin Asyraf; Ghazalli, Mohd Norfaizal; Nikong, Dome; Besi, Edward Entalai; Mat-Esa, Muhamad Ikhwanuddin; Mohd-Nordin, Anuar Rasyidi; Latiff, A.; Shakri, Mohamad Alias (2020-12-20). "Nepenthes malayensis (Nepenthaceae), a new species of carnivorous pitcher plant from Peninsular Malaysia" (in en). Kew Bulletin 75 (4): 63. doi:10.1007/s12225-020-09918-z. ISSN 1874-933X. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-020-09918-z. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 "Two New Nepenthes Species from the Unexplored Mountains of Central Mindanao, Philippines" (pdf). Philippine Journal of Science. June 2017. pp. 2–3. http://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/53-vol-146-no-2-june-2017/638-two-new-nepenthes-species-from-the-unexplored-mountains-of-central-mindanao-philippines. 
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 75.4 75.5 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2016. A new section in Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) and a new species from Sulawesi. Blumea 61: 59–62. doi:10.3767/000651916X691510
  76. ↑ Jebb, M.H.P. 1991. An account of Nepenthes in New Guinea. Science in New Guinea 17(1): 7–54.
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 (in Indonesian) Sunarti, S., A. Hidayat & Rugayah 2008. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di hutan Pegunungan Waworete, Kecamatan Wawonii Timur, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara. [Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi.] Biodiversitas 9(3): 194–198.
  78. ↑ Clarke, C.M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba 2000. Nepenthes maxima. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1. IUCN.
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 79.3 79.4 King, Charles; Cheek, Martin (2020-09-11). "Nepenthes maximoides (Nepenthaceae) a new, critically endangered (possibly extinct) species in Sect. Alatae from Luzon, Philippines showing striking pitcher convergence with N. maxima (Sect. Regiae) of Indonesia" (in en). PeerJ 8: e9899. doi:10.7717/peerj.9899. ISSN 2167-8359. PMID 32974102. 
  80. ↑ Robinson, A. 2012. Nepenthes merrilliana on Samar . Carnivorous Plants in the tropics, June 29, 2012.
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 81.3 81.4 81.5 Cheek, M. & M.H.P. Jebb (2016). Nepenthes minima (Nepenthaceae), a new pyrophytic grassland species from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea 61: 181–185. doi:10.3767/000651916X693509
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes mirabilis . Carnivorous Plant Database.
  83. ↑ Nepenthes mirabilis. Flora of China.
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 84.2 84.3 84.4 84.5 Mansell, G. & W. Suarez (2016). Nepenthes nebularum, a new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 45(4): 132–139.
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 85.3 85.4 Nerz, J., A. Wistuba, C.C. Lee, G. Bourke, U. Zimmermann & S. McPherson 2011. Nepenthes nigra, a new pitcher plant from Central Sulawesi. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 468–491.
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 86.3 86.4 McPherson, S., J. Cervancia, C. Lee, M. Jaunzems, A. Fleischmann, F. Mey, E. Gironella & A. Robinson 2010. Nepenthes palawanensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Sultan Peak, Palawan Island, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1332–1339.
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 Wilson, G.W. & S. Venter (2016). Nepenthes parvula (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Phytotaxa 277(2): 199–204. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.277.2.7
  88. ↑ McPherson, S.R. 2011. Observations of Nepenthes philippinensis and related taxa. In: New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 382–395.
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 Lee, C.C., S. McPherson, G. Bourke & M. Mansur 2009. Nepenthes pitopangii (Nepenthaceae), a new species from central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 61(1): 95–100.
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 90.2 90.3 90.4 Gronemeyer, T., S. McPherson, F. Coritico, M. Micheler, D. Marwinski & V. Amoroso 2011. Nepenthes pulchra, a new pitcher plant species from Mount Kiamo, Mindanao. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 424–439.
  91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 91.2 Metusala, Destario; Al Farishy, Dee Dee; Jebb, Matthew (2020-08-04). "Nepenthes putaiguneung (Nepenthaceae), a new species from highland of Sumatra, Indonesia". Phytotaxa 454 (4): 285–292. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.454.4.6. ISSN 1179-3163. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.454.4.6. 
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 92.3 92.4 92.5 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes ramos (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Willdenowia 43(1): 107–111. doi:10.3372/wi.43.43112
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 93.2 93.3 93.4 Cheek, M. 2011. Nepenthes robcantleyi sp. nov. (Nepenthaceae) from Mindanao, Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 29(6): 677–681. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.01449.x
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 94.2 94.3 94.4 (in Italian) Catalano, M. 2014. Nepenthes rosea, una nuova specie dalla Thailandia peninsulare. AIPC Magazine 36: 24–31.
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 95.2 95.3 95.4 95.5 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes samar (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Samar, Philippines. Blumea 58(1): 82–84. doi:10.3767/000651913X673513
  96. ↑ 96.00 96.01 96.02 96.03 96.04 96.05 96.06 96.07 96.08 96.09 96.10 96.11 Lim, Gideon; Golos, Michal R.; Mey, François S.; Wistuba, Andreas; McPherson, Stewart R.; Robinson, Alastair S. (April 13, 2023). "Delimitation of the Nepenthes macfarlanei Group with two species described as new In: Nepenthes - The Tropical Pitcher Plants Volume 3". http://www.redfernnaturalhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/macfarlanei.pdf. 
  97. ↑ Rybka, V., R. Rybková & R. Cantley 2005. Nepenthes argentii on Sibuyan Island. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 34(2): 47–50.
  98. ↑ Nerz, J., P. Mann, T. Alt & T. Smith 1998. Nepenthes sibuyanensis, a new Nepenthes from Sibuyan, a remote island of the Philippines. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 27(1): 18–23.
  99. ↑ 99.0 99.1 Mey, F.S. 2010. Introduction to the pitcher plants (Nepenthes) of Cambodia. Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2010(2): 106–117.
  100. ↑ 100.0 100.1 (in Italian) Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague.
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 101.2 Cheek, M. 2014. Nomen novum Nepenthes. Planta Carnivora 36(2): 44–45.
  102. ↑ 102.0 102.1 102.2 102.3 Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes suratensis M. Catal. sp. nov. In: Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 36.
  103. ↑ Elmer, A.D.E. 1915. Nepenthaceae. [pp. 2785–2787] In: Two hundred twenty six new species—II. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 8: 2719–2883.
  104. ↑ Mey, F.S., L.H. Truong, D.V. Dai & A.S. Robinson 2011. Nepenthes thorelii, an emended description and novel ecological data resulting from its rediscovery in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 104–131.
  105. ↑ 105.0 105.1 105.2 105.3 105.4 105.5 105.6 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes ultra (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. Blumea, published online on October 24, 2013. doi:10.3767/000651913X675124
  106. ↑ 106.0 106.1 106.2 106.3 106.4 106.5 Lee, C.C., A. Wistuba, J. Nerz, U. Zimmermann, A.P. Paserang & R. Pitopang 2011. Nepenthes undulatifolia, a new pitcher plant from South East Sulawesi. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 492–505.
  107. ↑ 107.0 107.1 107.2 107.3 107.4 (in German) Micheler, M., T. Gronemeyer, A. Wistuba, D. Marwinski, W. Suarez & V. Amoroso 2013. Nepenthes viridis, eine neue Nepenthes-Art von der Insel Dinagat, Philippinen. Das Taublatt 76: 4–21.
  108. ↑ 108.0 108.1 108.2 McPherson, S.R. 2011. The discovery of Nepenthes sp. 'Anipahan'. In: New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 330–345.
  109. ↑ Jebb, M. 1994. NEPENTHES revision for Flora Malesiana. Carnivorous Plant Mailing List, September 9, 1994.
  110. ↑ Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1998 ['1996']. Pitcher plants of Mt. Kinabalu in Sabah. The Sarawak Museum Journal 50(71): 145–171.
  111. ↑ 111.0 111.1 Krutzsch, W. 1985. Über Nepenthes-Pollen im europäischen Tertiär. Gleditschia 13: 89–93.
  112. ↑ Krutzsch, W. 1989. Paleogeography and historical phytogeography (paleochorology) in the Neophyticum. Plant Systematics and Evolution 162(1–4): 5–61. doi:10.1007/BF00936909
  113. ↑ Anderson, J.A.R. & J. Muller 1975. Palynological study of a Holocene peat and a Miocene coal deposit from NW Borneo. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 19(4): 291–351.
  114. ↑ Kumar, M. 1995. Pollen tetrads from Palaeocene sediments of Meghalaya, India: comments on their morphology, botanical affinity and geological records. Palaeobotanist 43(1): 68–81.
  115. ↑ Saxena, R.K. & G.K. Trivedi 2006. A Catalogue of Tertiary Spores and Pollen from India. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.
  116. ↑ Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology (Stuttgart) 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897



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