Biology:List of Pelecaniformes by population

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This is a list of Pelecaniformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

This list is not comprehensive, as not all Pelecaniformes have had their numbers quantified.

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Dwarf ibis Bostrychia bocagei 190-2,500[1] CR[1] Decrease[1] Estimate calculated from density and area estimates. Equal to 130-1,700 mature individuals.[1] Bostrychia bocagei.jpg
Northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita 200-249[2] EN[2] Steady[2] Estimate for mature individuals only. Species is considered regionally extinct in Europe.[2] Northern bald ibis (Geronticus eremita).jpg
Giant ibis Thaumatibis gigantea 290[3] CR[3] Decrease[3] Minimum estimate. Equal to 194 mature individuals.[3] ThaumantibisGiganteaGronvold.jpg
White-eared night-heron Oroanassa magnifica 350-1,500[4] EN[4] Decrease[4] Equal to 250-999 mature individuals.[4] NycticoraxMagnificaGronvold.jpg
Rough-faced shag Phalacrocorax carunculatus 350 – 1500[5] VU[5] Steady[5] History of the birds of NZ 1st ed p332.jpg
Asian crested ibis Nipponia nippon 550[6] EN[6] Increase[6] Equal to 330 mature individuals.[6] Nipponia nippon Sado Toki Hogo Center 3.jpg
Bounty shag Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi 620[7] VU[7] Steady[7] Minimum estimate.[7]
White-shouldered ibis Pseudibis davisoni 1,000[8] CR[8] Decrease[8] Minimum estimate. Equal to 670 mature individuals.[8] White-shouldered ibis in Cambodia July 2022, crop.jpg
Fasciated tiger-heron Tigrisoma fasciatum 1,000-10,000[9] LC[9] Unknown[9] Equal to 670-6,700 mature individuals.[9] Fasciated tiger heron - Flickr - Lip Kee.jpg
Schrenck's bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus 1,000-25,000[10] LC[10] Decrease[10] Equal to 670-17,000 mature individuals.[10] Ixobrychus eurhythmus by OpenCage.jpg
Wattled ibis Bostrychia carunculata 1,000-25,000[11] LC[11] Unknown[11] Equal to 670-17,000 mature individuals.[11] Bostrychia carunculata.jpg
Chatham shag Phalacrocorax onslowi 1070[12] CR[12] Decrease[12]
Pitt shag Phalacrocorax featherstoni 1400[13] EN[13] Decrease[13]
Australasian bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus 1,500-4,000[14] VU[14] Decrease[14] Equal to 1,000-2,499 mature individuals.[14] Botaurus poiciloptilus (Australasian Bittern; Matuku) (48719316081).jpg
Flightless cormorant Phalacrocorax harrisi 1679[15] VU[15] Steady[15] Flightless Cormorant (Phalacrocorax harrisi) -swimming2.jpg
Malayan night-heron Gorsachius melanolophus 2,000-20,000[16] LC[16] Unknown[16] Equal to 1,300-13,000 mature individuals. Subpopulations include 100-10,000 breeding pairs in Taiwan, and 100-10,000 in Japan.[16] Malayan Night Heron (Gorsachius melanolophus), Taipei Taiwan.jpg
Forest bittern Zonerodius heliosylus 2,500-9,999[17] NT[17] Decrease[17] Equal to 1,500-7,000 mature individuals.[17] Zonerodius heliosylus (cropped).jpg
Madagascar sacred ibis Threskiornis bernieri 2,600-3,250[18] EN[18] Decrease[18] Equal to 1,733-2,166 mature individuals.[18] Ibis sacré de Madagascar.JPG
Olive ibis Bostrychia olivacea 3,000-45,000[19] LC[19] Decrease[19] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[19] Olive Ibis.JPG
Christmas frigatebird Fregata andrewsi 3600 – 7200[20] CR[20] Decrease[20] Christmas Island Frigatebird.JPG
Black-faced spoonbill Platalea minor 3,941[21] EN[21] Increase[21] Equal to approximately 2,250 mature individuals.[21] Black faced spoonbill at Niigata.JPG
Auckland shag Phalacrocorax colensoi 4500[22] VU[22] Steady[22]
Bronze shag Phalacrocorax chalconotus 5000 – 8000[23] VU[23] Decrease[23] Numbers may be overestimated.[23] Stewart Island Shag.jpg
Shoebill Balaeniceps rex 5000 – 8000[24] VU[24] Decrease[24] Balaeniceps rex -Ueno Zoo, Tokyo, Japan -upper body-8a.jpg
Red-billed tropicbird Phaethon aethereus 5000 – 20 000[25] LC[25] Decrease[25] Phaethon aethereus Little Tobago.jpg
Southern bald ibis Geronticus calvus 6,500-8,000[26] VU[26] Decrease[26] Equal to 3,300-4,000 mature individuals and 1,650-2,000 breeding pairs.[26] Southern Bald Ibis (Geronticus calvus) (29865447691).jpg
African spoonbill Platalea alba 7,300-73,000[27] LC[27] Steady[27] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[27] Platalea-alba-Lake-Nakuru.JPG
Japanese night-heron Gorsachius goisagi 7,500-15,000[28] VU[28] Decrease[28] Equal to 5,000-9,999 mature individuals.[28] Japanese night heron (Gorsachius goisagi).jpg
Campbell shag Phalacrocorax campbelli 8000[29] VU[29] Steady[29] Estimate may be dated.[29]
Bank cormorant Phalacrocorax neglectus 8400[30] EN[30] Decrease[30] Bank Cormorant at Living Coasts.jpg
Crowned cormorant Phalacrocorax coronatus 8700[31] NT[31] Steady[31]
Abbott's booby Papasula abbotti 9000[32] EN[32] Decrease[32]
Madagascar crested ibis Lophotibis cristata 10,000[33] NT[33] Decrease[33] Equal to 6,700 mature individuals.[33] Lophotibis cristata -Bronx Zoo-8.jpg
Puna ibis Plegadis ridgwayi 10,000-15,000[34] LC[34] Decrease[34] Equal to 6,700-10,000 mature individuals.[34] Plegadis ridgwayi -Huacarpay Lakes, near Cusco, Peru-8.jpg
Sharp-tailed ibis Cercibis oxycerca 10,000-25,000[35] LC[35] Steady[35] Equal to 6,700-17,000 mature individuals.[35] Cercibis oxycerca Tarotaro Sharp-tailed Ibis (6559267951).jpg
Dalmatian pelican Pelecanus crispus 10 000 – 13 900[36] VU[36] Decrease[36] Pelecanus crispus (Antwerp Zoo).jpg
Spot-billed pelican Pelecanus philippensis 13 000 – 18 000[37] NT[37] Decrease[37] Pelecanus Philippensis.JPG
Black-headed ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus 15,000-30,000[38] NT[38] Decrease[38] Equal to 10,000-19,999 mature individuals. Subpopulation estimates include 10,000 in south Asia, 10,000 in south-east Asia, and 100 in east Asia.[38] Black-headed ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus).jpg
White-backed night-heron Calherodius leuconotus 25,000-100,000[39] LC[39] Decrease[39] White-backed Night Heron (Gorsachius leuconotus) (6001840951).jpg
White-crested tiger-heron Tigrionrnis leucolopha 25,000-100,000[40] LC[40] Decrease[40] White-crested Tiger-Heron - Ankasa - Ghana 14 S4E2068 (16010535898).jpg
Black-faced ibis Theristicus melanopis 25,000-100,000[41] LC[41] Steady[41] Theristicus melanopis 1 Frank Vassen.jpg
Ascension frigatebird Fregata aquila 25 000 – 32 000[42] VU[42] Unknown[42] Ascension Frigatebird.jpg
Japanese cormorant Phalacrocorax capillatus 25 000 – 100 000[43] LC[43] Unknown[43] Phalacrocorax capillatus -head.jpg
Rufescent tiger-heron Tigrisoma lineatum 27,700-105,500[44] LC[44] Steady[44] Equal to 18,000-70,000 mature individuals.[44] Rufescent tiger heron (Tigrisoma lineatum).JPG
Red-legged cormorant Phalacrocorax gaimardi 30 000[45] NT[45] Decrease[45] Phalacrocorax gaimardi -Patagonia-8.jpg
Nazca booby Sula granti 30 000[46] LC[46] Decrease[46] Minimum estimate.[46] Nazca-Booby.jpg
Red-tailed tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda 32 000[47] LC[47] Steady[47] Minimum estimate.[47] Red-tailed Tropicbird RWD2.jpg
Oriental darter Anhinga melanogaster 33 000[48] NT[48] Decrease[48] Minimum estimate.[48] Anhinga melanogaster -Rajasthan, India-8.jpg
White-tailed tropicbird Phaethon lepturus 50 000[49] LC[49] Decrease[49] Minimum estimate.[49] White-tailed Tropicbird - Phaeton lepturus.jpg
Pinnated bittern Botaurus pinnatus 50,000-499,999[50] LC[50] Steady[50] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[50] Botaurus pinnatus Avetoro Pinnated Bittern (6265348630).jpg
Agami heron Agamia agami 50,000-499,999[51] VU[51] Unknown[51] Calculation may need to be revised. Actual global population may be smaller.[51] Agami Heron (Agamia agami).jpg
Bare-throated tiger-heron Tigrisoma mexicanum 50,000-499,999[52] LC[52] Decrease[52] Tigrisoma mexicanum 3.jpg
Green ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis 50,000-499,999[53] LC[53] Steady[53] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[53] Mesembrinibis cayennensis.jpg
Eurasian spoonbill Platelea leucorodia 63,000-65,000[54] LC[54] Unknown[54] European subpopulation includes 20,400-30,500 mature individuals.[54] Eurasian Spoonbill.jpg
Black bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis 63,000-320,000[55] LC[55] Decrease[55] Subpopulation at China is 100-100,000 breeding pairs.[55] Black Bittern- Warriewood Wetlands.jpg
Pygmy cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus 85 000 – 180 000[56] LC[56] Increase[56] Phalacrocorax pygmeus 1 (Martin Mecnarowski).jpg
Yellow bittern Ixobrychus sinensis 100,000-1,000,000[57] LC[57] Unknown[57] Ixobrychus sinensis - Bueng Boraphet.jpg
Straw-necked ibis Threskiornis spinicollis 100,000-1,000,000[58] LC[58] Decrease[58] Threskiornis spinicollis - Centenary Lakes.jpg
Peruvian pelican Pelecanus thagus 100 000 – 1 000 000[59] NT[59] Increase[59] Pelecanus thagus -Pan de Azucar National Park, Atacama Region, Chile -head-8.jpg
Socotra cormorant Phalacrocorax nigrogularis 110 000[60] VU[60] Decrease[60] Socotra Cormorant.jpg
Eurasian bittern Botaurus stellaris 115,000-340,000[61] LC[61] Decrease[61] European subpopulation includes 75,300-133,000 mature individuals.[61] 2015-10-19 Botaurus stellaris, Gosforth Park 5.jpg
Cinnamon bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus 130,000-2,000,000[62] LC[62] Steady[62] Cinnamon bittern or chestnut bittern (Ixobrychus cinnamomeus) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg
American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos 180 000[63] LC[63] Increase[63] American White Pelican.jpg
Brown booby Sula leucogaster 200 000[64] LC[64] Decrease[64] Minimum estimate.[64] Brown booby.jpg
African sacred ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus 200,000-450,000[65] LC[65] Steady[65] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[65] Threskiornis aethiopicus -Mida Creek mud flats, Kenya-8.jpg
Spot-breasted ibis Bostrychia rara 200,000-510,000[66] LC[66] Decrease[66] Zwei Fleckenibisse in der Demokratischen Republik Kongo von Niklas Weber, Version b.jpg
Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus 200,000-2,300,000[67] LC[67] Decrease[67] This estimate involves the European subpopulation of 56,500-75,400 mature individuals.[67] Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus).jpg
White ibis Eudocimus albus 210,000-360,000[68] LC[68] Steady[68] Estimate is for mature individuals only.[68] Eudocimus albus (4111616588).jpg
Striated heron Butorides striata 260,000-2,300,000[69] LC[69] Steady[69] Equal to 173,000-1,500,000 mature individuals. Will likely need to be revised under recent taxonomic changes.[69] Butorides striata - Laem Pak Bia.jpg
Red-faced cormorant Phalacrocorax urile 200 000[70] LC[70] Decrease[70] Minimum estimate.[70]
Cape cormorant Phalacrocorax capensis 200 000 – 250 000[71] NT[71] Steady[71] Cape Cormorant RWD2.jpg
Cape gannet Morus capensis 300 000[72] VU[72] Decrease[72] Mature population only (~150 000 pairs).[72] Lamberts Bay P1010338.JPG
Squacco heron Ardeola rallodies 370,000-780,000[73] LC[73] Unknown[73] European subpopulation estimated at 30,000-51,700 mature individuals.[73] Common squacco heron (Ardeola ralloides) Ethiopia.jpg
Boat-billed heron Cochlearius cochlearius 500,000-4,999,999[74] LC[74] Decrease[74] Cochlearius cochlearius Cockscomb 03.JPG
Black-crowned night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax 570,000-3,730,000[75] LC[75] Decrease[75] Subpopulations include 120,000-172,000 mature individuals in Europe.[75] Black-crowned night heron at Tennōji Park in Osaka, March 2016.jpg
Common little bittern Ixobrychus minutus 630,000-1,110,000[76] LC[76] Decrease[76] Estimate is for mature individuals only. Further validation is needed.[76] Ixobrychus minutus 2 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg
Northern gannet Morus bassanus 950 000 – 1 200 000[77] LC[77] Increase[77] Northern Gannet 2006 2.jpg
Red-footed booby Sula sula 1 000 000[78] LC[78] Decrease[78] Minimum estimate.[78] Sula sula by Gregg Yan 02.jpg
White-faced ibis Plegadis chihi 1,200,000[79] LC[79] Increase[79] Adult white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi)-4026.jpg
Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 1 400 000 – 2 900 000[80] LC[80] Increase[80] Phalacrocorax carbo Austins Ferry 1.jpg
Neotropic cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus 2 000 000[81] LC[81] Increase[81] Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Costa Rica).jpg
Guanay cormorant Phalacrocorax bougainvillii 2 500 000 – 4 999 999[82] NT[82] Decrease[82] Phalacrocorax bougainvillii1.jpg

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 IUCN (2020-06-09). "Bostrychia bocagei: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22697478A177028688" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-06-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22697478a177028688.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697478/177028688. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Geronticus eremita: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697488A130895601" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697488a130895601.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697488/130895601. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 IUCN (2018-08-18). "Thaumatibis gigantea: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697536A134200680" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-18. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697536a134200680.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697536/134200680. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Gorsachius magnificus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22697232A117359084" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22697232a117359084.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697232/117359084. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax carunculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003689/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 IUCN (2018-08-09). "Nipponia nippon: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697548A132069229" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697548a132069229.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697548/132069229. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003693/0. Retrieved 2012-12-15. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 IUCN (2018-08-17). "Pseudibis davisoni: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697531A134189710" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-17. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697531a134189710.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697531/134189710. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Tigrisoma fasciatum: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22697264A118863107" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22697264a118863107.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697264/118863107. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Ixobrychus eurhythmus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697317A93607859" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697317a93607859.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697317/93607859. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Bostrychia carunculata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697468A93615297" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697468a93615297.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697468/93615297. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax onslowi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003691/0. Retrieved 2012-12-15. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Phalacrocorax featherstoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22696907A132595530. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696907A132595530.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696907/132595530. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 "Botaurus poiciloptilus: BirdLife International". 2012-06-01. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2014-2.rlts.t22697353a62652637.en. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax harrisi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003671/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Gorsachius melanolophus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697242A93604480" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697242a93604480.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697242/93604480. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 IUCN (2017-10-01). "Zonerodius heliosylus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22697274A117210228" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22697274a117210228.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697274/117210228. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 IUCN (2021-02-12). "Threskiornis bernieri: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22731855A196574917" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021-02-12. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22731855a196574917.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22731855/196574917. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Bostrychia olivacea: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697472A93615552" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697472a93615552.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697472/93615552. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Fregata andrewsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697742A132599384. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697742A132599384.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697742/132599384. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 IUCN (2017-10-01). "Platalea minor: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22697568A119347801" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22697568a119347801.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697568/119347801. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax colensoi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003692/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax chalconotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003690/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Balaeniceps rex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697583A133840708. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697583A133840708.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697583/133840708. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 BirdLife International (2019). "Phaethon aethereus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22696637A155736224. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22696637A155736224.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696637/155736224. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Geronticus calvus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697496A93617026" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697496a93617026.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697496/93617026. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Platalea alba: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697564A93620935" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697564a93620935.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697564/93620935. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 IUCN (2020-08-18). "Gorsachius goisagi: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22697237A154698841" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-08-18. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22697237a154698841.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697237/154698841. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax campbelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003688/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Phalacrocorax neglectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22696766A132592007. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696766A132592007.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696766/132592007. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003665/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 BirdLife International (2019). "Papasula abbotti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22696649A152726109. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22696649A152726109.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696649/152726109. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Lophotibis cristata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697504A93617414" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697504a93617414.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697504/93617414. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Plegadis ridgwayi: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697429A93613504" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697429a93613504.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697429/93613504. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Cercibis oxycerca: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697432A93613688" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697432a93613688.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697432/93613688. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Pelecanus crispus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697599A122838534. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22697599A122838534.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697599/122838534. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 BirdLife International (2017). "Pelecanus philippensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22697604A117970266. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22697604A117970266.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697604/117970266. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Threskiornis melanocephalus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697516A93618317" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697516a93618317.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697516/93618317. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 IUCN (2018-08-06). "Calherodius leuconotus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697226A130187384" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-06. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697226a130187384.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697226/130187384. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Tigriornis leucolopha: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697277A130188990" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697277a130188990.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697277/130188990. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Theristicus melanopis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22734000A112402190" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-1.rlts.t22734000a112402190.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22734000/112402190. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Fregata aquila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697728A132597828. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697728A132597828.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697728/132597828. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Phalacrocorax capillatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22696799A132594150. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696799A132594150.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696799/132594150. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 "Tigrisoma lineatum: BirdLife International". 2012-05-01. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2012-1.rlts.t22697269a40244092.en. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax gaimardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003698/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Sula granti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22728990A132659882. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728990A132659882.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728990/132659882. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 BirdLife International (2020). "Phaethon rubricauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22696641A163889221. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22696641A163889221.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696641/163889221. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 BirdLife International (2016). "Anhinga melanogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22696712A93582012. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22696712A93582012.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696712/93582012. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 BirdLife International (2020). "Phaethon lepturus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22696645A163887639. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22696645A163887639.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696645/163887639. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 IUCN (2019-12-06). "Botaurus pinnatus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22697343A163799916" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019-12-06. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22697343a163799916.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697343/163799916. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Agamia agami: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697200A93602031" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697200a93602031.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697200/93602031. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Tigrisoma mexicanum: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697259A130188356" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697259a130188356.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697259/130188356. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 IUCN (2019-12-04). "Mesembrinibis cayennensis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22697460A163620132" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019-12-04. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22697460a163620132.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697460/163620132. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Platalea leucorodia: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22697555A155460986" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22697555a155460986.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697555/155460986. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Ixobrychus flavicollis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697334A93608997" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697334a93608997.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697334/93608997. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax pygmeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003666/0. Retrieved 2012-12-15. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Ixobrychus sinensis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697303A93606843" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697303a93606843.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697303/93606843. 
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Threskiornis spinicollis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697525A129656213" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697525a129656213.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697525/129656213. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Pelecanus thagus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697619A132596827. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697619A132596827.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697619/132596827. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 BirdLife International (2019). "Phalacrocorax nigrogularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22696802A155525071. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22696802A155525071.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696802/155525071. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Botaurus stellaris: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697346A86438000" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697346a86438000.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697346/86438000. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Ixobrychus cinnamomeus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697323A93608162" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697323a93608162.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697323/93608162. 
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 BirdLife International (2016). "Pelecanus erythrorhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697611A93624242. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697611A93624242.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697611/93624242. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Sula leucogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22696698A132590197. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696698A132590197.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696698/132590197. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 IUCN (2018-08-09). "Threskiornis aethiopicus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697510A132068562" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697510a132068562.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697510/132068562. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 IUCN (2018-08-10). "Bostrychia rara: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697484A130189528" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-10. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697484a130189528.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697484/130189528. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Plegadis falcinellus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22697422A155528413" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22697422a155528413.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697422/155528413. 
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 IUCN (2021-08-05). "Eudocimus albus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22697411A188454802" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021-08-05. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22697411a188454802.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697411/188454802. 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 69.3 "Butorides striata: BirdLife International". 2016-10-01. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22728182a94973442.en. 
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.3 BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax urile". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003695/0. Retrieved 2012-12-15. 
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Phalacrocorax capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22696806A132594943. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696806A132594943.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696806/132594943. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Morus capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22696668A132587992. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696668A132587992.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696668/132587992. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.3 IUCN (2018-08-09). "Ardeola ralloides: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697123A131940696" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697123a131940696.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697123/131940696. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 IUCN (2018-08-06). "Cochlearius cochlearius: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697250A130187930" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-06. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22697250a130187930.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697250/130187930. 
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Nycticorax nycticorax: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22697211A155515762" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697211a155515762.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697211/155515762. 
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 IUCN (2018-08-09). "Ixobrychus minutus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22735766A155511258" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22735766a155511258.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22735766/155511258. 
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Morus bassanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22696657A132587285. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696657A132587285.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696657/132587285. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 78.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Sula sula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22696694A132589278. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696694A132589278.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696694/132589278. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 IUCN (2016-10-01). "Plegadis chihi: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697426A93613243" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697426a93613243.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697426/93613243. 
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 BirdLife International (2019). "Phalacrocorax carbo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22696792A155523636. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696792A155523636.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696792/155523636. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax brasilianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003674/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. 
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 82.2 BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax bougainvillii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003683/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. 



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