Biology:List of Procellariiformes by population

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This is a list of Procellariiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

The IOC World Bird List (version 15.1) recognizes 149 species of Procellariiformes, two of which are extinct.[1] As of January 2026, IUCN/BirdLife International have assessed 144 members, and provided population estimates for 143 members of the order. While not all Procellariiformes have population estimates, species with unknown populations are listed in a secondary table below.

This list follows IUCN classifications for species names and taxonomy. Where IUCN classifications differ from other ornithological authorities, alternative names and taxonomies are noted.

Two members of Procellariiformes are extinct:

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Fiji petrel Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi 1-49[4] Template:IUCN-CR[4] Decrease[4] Maximum estimate.[4]
Guadalupe storm petrel Hydrobates macrodactylus 1-49[5] Template:IUCN-CR[5] ?[5] Maximum estimate; may be extinct.[5] 175px
Jamaican petrel Pterodroma caribbaea 1-49[6] Template:IUCN-CR[6] ?[6] Maximum estimate; may be extinct. Last confirmed observation in 1879.[6] 175px
New Zealand storm petrel Fregetta maoriana 1-49[7] Template:IUCN-CR[7] ?[7] Still seen in small numbers, as recently as 2013.[7] 175px
Rapa shearwater Puffinus myrtae 50-249[8] Template:IUCN-CR[8] Decrease[8] Total population is estimated to be 75-375 individuals.[8] 175px
Bryan's shearwater Puffinus bryani 50-249[9] Template:IUCN-CR[9] Decrease[9] Total population is estimated to be 70-380 individuals.[9]
Beck's petrel Pseudobulweria becki 50-249[10] Template:IUCN-CR[10] Decrease[10] Rediscovered in 2007. Total population is estimated to be 70-400 individuals.[10]
Magenta petrel Pterodroma magentae 80-100[11] Template:IUCN-CR[11] Increase[11] Total population is estimated to be 150-200 individuals.[11] 175px
Amsterdam albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis 92[12] Template:IUCN-CR[12] Increase[12] 46 total nesting pairs.[12] 175px
Mascarene petrel Pseudobulweria aterrima 100-200[13] Template:IUCN-CR[13] Decrease[13] Population is most likely near the lower end of this estimate.[13] 175px
Zino's petrel Pterodroma madeira 160[14] Template:IUCN-EN[14] Steady[14] Total population is estimated to be 200 individuals.[14] 175px
Bermuda petrel Pterodroma cahow 196[15] Template:IUCN-EN[15] Increase[15] 98 total nesting pairs.[15] 175px
Whenua Hou diving-petrel Pelecanoides whenuahouensis 200[16] Template:IUCN-CR[16] Increase[16] Value given is estimated total number of adults.[16] 175px
New Caledonian storm petrel Fregetta lineata 200-2,000[17] Template:IUCN-DD[17] ?[17] Species is very poorly known. Values are a best guess.[17]
Townsend's shearwater Puffinus auricularis 250-999[18] Template:IUCN-CR[18] Decrease[18] Total population is estimated to be 375-1,499 individuals.[18] 175px
Heinroth's shearwater Puffinus heinrothi 250-999[19] Template:IUCN-VU[19] Steady[19] Total population is estimated to be 375-1,499 individuals.[19] 175px
Monteiro's storm petrel Hydrobates monteiroi 250-999[20] Template:IUCN-VU[20] Steady[20] Total population is estimated to be 375-1,499 individuals.[20]
Desertas petrel Pterodroma deserta 250-999[21] Template:IUCN-VU[21] Steady[21] Total population is estimated to be 350-1,500 individuals.[21] 175px
Collared petrel Pterodroma brevipes 670-6,700[22] Template:IUCN-VU[22] Decrease[22] Total population is estimated to be 1,000-10,000 individuals.[22] 175px
Polynesian storm petrel Nesofregetta fuliginosa 1,000-1,600[23] Template:IUCN-EN[23] Decrease[23] Total population is estimated to be 1,500-2,400 individuals.[23] 175px
Cape Verde petrel

(Fea's petrel)

Pterodroma feae 1,000-2,000[24] Template:IUCN-NT[24] ?[24] Total population is estimated to be 1,500-3,000 individuals.[24] 175px
Black-capped petrel Pterodroma hasitata 1,000-2,000[25] Template:IUCN-EN[25] Decrease[25] Total population is estimated to be 2,000-4,000 individuals.[25] 175px
Chatham Islands petrel Pterodroma axillaris 1,100[26] Template:IUCN-VU[26] Increase[26] Total population is estimated to be 1,400 individuals. 175px
Short-tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus 1,734[27] Template:IUCN-VU[27] Increase[27] Total population is estimated to be 4,200 individuals.[27] 175px
Pincoya storm petrel Oceanites pincoyae 2,000[28] Template:IUCN-DD[28] ?[28] Total population is estimated to be 3,000 individuals.[28] 175px
Trindade petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana 2,260[29] Template:IUCN-VU[29] Steady[29] 175px
White-winged petrel

(Gould's petrel)

Pterodroma leucoptera 2,000-14,000[30] Template:IUCN-VU[30] Decrease[30] Total population is estimated to be 3,000-21,000 individuals.[30] 175px
Townsend's storm petrel Hydrobates socorroensis 2,500-9,999[31] Template:IUCN-EN[31] Decrease[31] 175px
Ainley's storm petrel Hydrobates cheimomnestes 2,500-9,999[32] Template:IUCN-VU[32] Steady[32]
Jouanin's petrel Bulweria fallax 2,500-9,999[33] Template:IUCN-NT[33] ?[33] 175px
Tristan albatross Diomedea dabbenena 3,400-4,800[34] Template:IUCN-CR[34] Decrease[34] Total population is estimated to be 5,200-7,300 individuals.[34] 175px
Ashy storm petrel Hydrobates homochroa 3,500-6,700[35] Template:IUCN-EN[35] Decrease[35] Total population is estimated to be 5,200-10,000 individuals.[35] 175px
Black petrel Procellaria parkinsoni 5,500[36] Template:IUCN-VU[36] Steady[36] Total population is estimated to be and 11,000 individuals.[36] 175px
Masatierra petrel Pterodroma defilippiana 5,554[37] Template:IUCN-VU[37] Steady[37] Total population is expected to be less than 10,000 individuals.[37] 175px
Galápagos petrel Pterodroma phaeopygia 6,000-15,000[38] Template:IUCN-CR[38] Decrease[38] Total population is estimated to be 10,000-19,999 individuals.[38] 175px
Magellanic diving petrel Pelecanoides magellani 6,700-330,000[39] Template:IUCN-LC[39] Decrease[39] Total population is estimated to "number tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of individuals."[39] 175px
Hawaiian petrel Pterodroma sandwichensis 7,500-16,600[40] Template:IUCN-EN[40] Decrease[40] 175px
Westland petrel Procellaria westlandica 7,900-13,700[41] Template:IUCN-EN[41] ?[41] 175px
Newell's shearwater Puffinus newelli 10,000-19,999[42] Template:IUCN-CR[42] Decrease[42] Total population is estimated to be, at maximum, 27,000 individuals.[42] 175px
Tahiti petrel Pseudobulweria rostrata 10,000-19,999[43] Template:IUCN-NT[43] Decrease[43] Total population is estimated to be 20,000-30,000 individuals.[43] 175px
Persian shearwater Puffinus persicus >10,000[44] Template:IUCN-LC[44] Decrease[44] 175px
Chatham albatross Thalassarche eremita 11,000[45] Template:IUCN-VU[45] Steady[45] Total population is estimated to be 16,000 individuals.[45] 175px
Pycroft's petrel Pterodroma pycrofti 12,000-22,000[46] Template:IUCN-VU[46] Increase[46] Total population is estimated to be 30,000-40,000 individuals.[46] 175px
Cape Verde shearwater Calonectris edwardsii 13,800[47] Template:IUCN-NT[47] Decrease[47] Total population is estimated to be 24,000 individuals.[47] 175px
Cape Verde storm petrel Hydrobates jabejabe 15,500-67,500[48] Template:IUCN-LC[48] Decrease[48] 175px
Northern royal albatross Diomedea sanfordi 17,000[49] Template:IUCN-EN[49] Decrease[49] Total population is estimated to be 25,000-26,000 individuals.[49] 175px
Balearic shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus 19,000[50] Template:IUCN-CR[50] Decrease[50] Total population is estimated to be 25,000 individuals.[50] 175px
Spectacled petrel Procellaria conspicillata 20,000[51] Template:IUCN-VU[51] Increase[51] Total population is estimated to be 31,000-45,000 individuals.[51] 175px
Tristram's storm petrel Hydrobates tristrami 20,000[52] Template:IUCN-LC[52] Steady[52] Maximum estimate. Total population is estimated to be 30,000 individuals.[52] 175px
Phoenix petrel Pterodroma alba 20,000-30,000[53] Template:IUCN-VU[53] Decrease[53] Preliminary estimate.[53] 175px
Matsudaira's storm petrel Hydrobates matsudairae >20,000[54] Template:IUCN-VU[54] ?[54] Per BirdLife International, species is described as "not especially rare in the Indian Ocean, suggesting that the global population numbers a minimum of 20,000 individuals".[54] 175px
Snowy albatross

(Wandering albatross)

Diomedea exulans 20,100[55] Template:IUCN-VU[55] Decrease[55] 175px
Sooty albatross Phoebetria fusca 21,234-28,656[56] Template:IUCN-EN[56] Decrease[56] Estimate comes from a count of 10,617 - 14,328 breeding pairs.[56] 175px
Northern giant petrel Macronectes halli 23,600[57] Template:IUCN-LC[57] Increase[57] 175px
Southern royal albatross Diomedea epomophora 27,200[58] Template:IUCN-VU[58] Steady[58] 175px
Shy albatross Thalassarche cauta 29,800-33,400[59] Template:IUCN-NT[59] Steady[59] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 31,600. 175px
Barau's petrel Pterodroma baraui 30,000-40,000[60] Template:IUCN-EN[60] Decrease[60] 175px
Audubon's shearwater

(Sargasso shearwater)

Puffinus lherminieri 30,000-59,000[61] Template:IUCN-LC[61] Decrease[61] Note that IOC taxonomy splits an additional species, Boyd's shearwater, from this species (IOC splits from Barolo shearwater, which is maintained by IUCN as a subsepcies of little shearwater).[1]

IUCN/BirdLife International maintain both species within P. lherminieri.[62]

175px
White-vented storm petrel

(Elliot's storm petrel)

Oceanites gracilis >30,000[63] Template:IUCN-DD[63] ?[63] Values given are for total population.[63] 175px
Yelkouan shearwater Puffinus yelkouan 30,674-60,038[64] Template:IUCN-VU[64] Decrease[64] Estimate comes from a reported 15,337-30,519 pairs; estimated total population is 46,000-92,000 individuals. However, this may be an underestimate given counts of 75,000-90,000 individuals during migration through the Bosporus Strait as recently as 2015.[64] 175px
Waved albatross Phoebastria irrorata 34,694[65] Template:IUCN-CR[65] Decrease[65] Value given is the most recent estimate for total population, from 2001. It is likely the population is now smaller.[65] 175px
Galápagos shearwater Puffinus subalaris 35,000[66] Template:IUCN-LC[66] Decrease[66] 175px
Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross Thalassarche chlororhynchos 35,000-73,500[67] Template:IUCN-EN[67] Decrease[67] 175px
Henderson petrel Pterodroma atrata 39,974[68] Template:IUCN-EN[68] Decrease[68] Estimate is based on 19,987 pairs.[68] 175px
Campbell albatross Thalassarche impavida 43,296[69] Template:IUCN-VU[69] Increase[69] 175px
MacGillivray's prion Pachyptila macgillivrayi 48,300-2,421,480[70] Template:IUCN-CR[70] Decrease[70] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 350,000, based on an estimated 175,000 pairs. 95% confidence interval is very large.[70] 175px
Antipodean albatross Diomedea antipodensis 50,000[71] Template:IUCN-EN[71] Decrease[71] Maximum estimate, given steep declines over past two decades.[71] 175px
Buller's albatross Thalassarche bulleri 50,000-99,999[72] Template:IUCN-NT[72] Steady[72] 175px
Light-mantled albatross Phoebetria palpebrata 58,000[73] Template:IUCN-NT[73] Decrease[73] Total population is estimated to be 87,000 individuals.[73] 175px
Pink-footed shearwater Ardenna creatopus 59,146[74] Template:IUCN-VU[74] ?[74] Total population may be as high as 150,000 individuals.[74] 175px
Swinhoe's storm petrel Hydrobates monorhis 65,000-260,000[75] Template:IUCN-NT[75] Steady[75] 175px
Providence petrel Pterodroma solandri 66,500-100,000[76] Template:IUCN-LC[76] Steady[76] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 83,000.[76] 175px
Salvin's albatross Thalassarche salvini 79,990[77] Template:IUCN-VU[77] ?[77] Total population is estimated to be 110,000 individuals.[77] 175px
Indian yellow-nosed albatross Thalassarche carteri 82,000[78] Template:IUCN-EN[78] Decrease[78] Total population is estimated to be 160,000 individuals.[78] 175px
Southern giant petrel Macronectes giganteus 95,600-108,000[79] Template:IUCN-LC[79] Increase[79] Total population is estimated to be 150,000 individuals.[79] 175px
White-necked petrel Pterodroma cervicalis 100,000[80] Template:IUCN-VU[80] Increase[80] Total population is estimated to be 150,000 individuals.[80]

Note that IOC taxonomy splits an additional species, the Vanuatu petrel, from this species.[1]

IUCN/BirdLife International maintain both species within P. cervicalis.[62]

175px
Peruvian diving petrel Pelecanoides garnotii 100,000[81] Template:IUCN-NT[81] Increase[81] 175px
Fluttering shearwater Puffinus gavia >100,000[82] Template:IUCN-LC[82] Decrease[82] Value is for total population.[82] 175px
Least storm petrel Hydrobates microsoma >100,000[83] Template:IUCN-LC[83] Steady[83] Total population is estimated "to number hundreds of thousands of individuals, possibly millions."[83] 175px
Markham's storm petrel Hydrobates markhami 100,000-120,000[84] Template:IUCN-NT[84] Decrease[84] Total population is estimated to be 150,000-180,000 individuals.[84] 175px
Fulmar prion Pachyptila crassirostris 100,000-200,000[85] Template:IUCN-LC[85] Steady[85] Total population is estimated to be 150,000-300,000 individuals.[85] 175px
Little shearwater Puffinus assimilis 100,000-499,999[86] Template:IUCN-LC[86] Decrease[86] Total population is estimated to be 300,000-750,000 individuals.[86]

Note that IOC taxonomy splits an additional species, the Barolo shearwater, from this species.[1]

IUCN/BirdLife International maintain both species within P. assimilis.[62]

175px
Black-footed albatross Phoebastria nigripes 139,800[87] Template:IUCN-NT[87] Increase[87] 175px
Flesh-footed shearwater Ardenna carneipes 148,000[88] Template:IUCN-NT[88] Decrease[88] 175px
Band-rumped storm petrel Hydrobates castro 150,000[89] Template:IUCN-LC[89] Decrease[89] Value given is for total population.[89] 175px
Herald petrel Pterodroma heraldica 150,000[90] Template:IUCN-LC[90] Decrease[90] Value given is for total population.[90] 175px
Christmas shearwater Puffinus nativitatis 150,000[91] Template:IUCN-LC[91] Steady[91] Value given is for total population.[91] 175px
Kermadec petrel Pterodroma neglecta 150,000-200,000[92] Template:IUCN-LC[92] Decrease[92] Values given are for total population.[92] 175px
Grey petrel Procellaria cinerea 151,500[93] Template:IUCN-NT[93] Decrease[93] 175px
Black-vented shearwater Puffinus opisthomelas 200,000-299,999[94] Template:IUCN-NT[94] Steady[94] 175px
Grey-backed storm petrel Garrodia nereis >200,000[95] Template:IUCN-LC[95] Decrease[95] Value given is for total population.[95] 175px
Hutton's shearwater Puffinus huttoni 212,000[96] Template:IUCN-EN[96] Steady[96] Estimate based on 106,000 breeding pairs. Total population is estimated to be 300,000-350,000 individuals.[96] 175px
Grey-headed albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma 250,000[97] Template:IUCN-EN[97] Decrease[97] Minimum estimate for mature individuals.[97] 175px
Stejneger's petrel Pterodroma longirostris 262,000[98] Template:IUCN-VU[98] Decrease[98] Total population is estimated to be 400,000 individuals. Population may now be lower due to increased predation pressure.[98] 175px
Scopoli's shearwater Calonectris diomedea 285,000-446,000[99] Template:IUCN-LC[99] Decrease[99] 175px
White-bellied storm petrel Fregetta grallaria 300,000[100] Template:IUCN-LC[100] Decrease[100] Value given is for total population.[100] 175px
Grey-faced petrel Pterodroma gouldi 400,000-600,000[101] Template:IUCN-LC[101] Decrease[101] Total population is estimated to be 600,000-900,000 individuals.[101] 175px
European storm petrel Hydrobates pelagicus 430,000-519,999[102] Template:IUCN-LC[102] ?[102] Total population is estimated to be 1,314,000-1,545,000 individuals.[102] 175px
Black-bellied storm petrel Fregetta tropica 500,000[103] Template:IUCN-LC[103] Decrease[103] Value given is for total population.[103] 175px
Wedge-rumped storm petrel Hydrobates tethys 500,000[104] Template:IUCN-LC[104] Decrease[104] Value given is a minimum estimate for total population.[104] 175px
Ringed storm petrel Hydrobates hornbyi 500,000-800,000[105] Template:IUCN-NT[105] Decrease[105] Total population is estimated to be 900,000-1,500,000 individuals.[105] 175px
Bulwer's petrel Bulweria bulwerii 500,000-1,000,000[106] Template:IUCN-LC[106] Steady[106] Values given are for total population.[106] 175px
Cory's shearwater Calonectris borealis 504,000-507,000[107] Template:IUCN-LC[107] ?[107] 175px
Black storm petrel Hydrobates melania 600,000[108] Template:IUCN-LC[108] Decrease[108] 175px
White-headed petrel Pterodroma lessonii 600,000[109] Template:IUCN-LC[109] Decrease[109] Value given is for total population.[109] 175px
Cook's petrel Pterodroma cookii 670,000[110] Template:IUCN-VU[110] Increase[110] 175px
Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus 680,000-790,000[111] Template:IUCN-LC[111] ?[111] Total population is estimated to be 1,026,000-1,177,500 individuals.[111] 175px
Murphy's petrel Pterodroma ultima 800,000-1,000,000[112] Template:IUCN-LC[112] ?[112] Values given are for total population.[112] 175px
Bonin petrel Pterodroma hypoleuca 1,000,000[113] Template:IUCN-LC[113] Decrease[113] Value given is for total population.[113] 175px
Kerguelen petrel Aphrodroma brevirostris 1,000,000[114] Template:IUCN-LC[114] Decrease[114] Value given is for total population.[114] 175px
Black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophrys 1,400,000[115] Template:IUCN-LC[115] Increase[115] 175px
Mottled petrel Pterodroma inexpectata >1,500,000[116] Template:IUCN-NT[116] Decrease[116] Value given is for total population.[116] 175px
Great-winged petrel Pterodroma macroptera >1,500,000[117] Template:IUCN-LC[117] Decrease[117] Value given is for total population.[117] 175px
Laysan albatross Phoebastria immutabilis 1,600,000[118] Template:IUCN-NT[118] Steady[118] 175px
Atlantic petrel Pterodroma incerta 1,800,000[119] Template:IUCN-EN[119] Decrease[119] 175px
Juan Fernández petrel Pterodroma externa 2,000,000[120] Template:IUCN-VU[120] Steady[120] Total population was estimated to be, at minimum, 3.0 million individuals in 1986, but population appears to remain steady.[120] 175px
Cape petrel

(Pintado petrel)

Daption capense >2,000,000[121] Template:IUCN-LC[121] Steady[121] Value given is for total population.[121] 175px
Buller's shearwater Ardenna bulleri 2,500,000[122] Template:IUCN-VU[122] Steady[122] Value given is for total population. Estimate is dated; current population is likely lower.[122] 175px
White-chinned petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis 3,000,000[123] Template:IUCN-VU[123] Decrease[123] 175px
Streaked shearwater Calonectris leucomelas 3,000,000[124] Template:IUCN-NT[124] Decrease[124] Value given is for total population.[124] 175px
Blue petrel Halobaena caerulea >3,000,000[125] Template:IUCN-LC[125] Decrease[125] Value given is for total population.[125] 175px
Southern fulmar Fulmarus glacialoides 4,000,000[126] Template:IUCN-LC[126] Steady[126] Value given is for total population.[126] 175px
Fork-tailed storm petrel Hydrobates furcatus 4,000,000[127] Template:IUCN-LC[127] Increase[127] Total population is estimated to be 6.0 million individuals.[127] 175px
White-faced storm petrel Pelagodroma marina >4,000,000[128] Template:IUCN-LC[128] Decrease[128] Value given is for total population.[128] 175px
Snow petrel Pagodroma nivea >4,000,000[129] Template:IUCN-LC[129] Steady[129] Value given is for total population.[129] 175px
Fairy prion Pachyptila turtur 5,000,000[130] Template:IUCN-LC[130] Steady[130] Value given is for total population.[130] 175px
Soft-plumaged petrel Pterodroma mollis >5,000,000[131] Template:IUCN-LC[131] Steady[131] Value given is for total population.[131] 175px
Wedge-tailed shearwater Ardenna pacifica >5,200,000[132] Template:IUCN-LC[132] Decrease[132] Value given is for total population.[132] 175px
Slender-billed prion Pachyptila belcheri >7,000,000[133] Template:IUCN-LC[133] Steady[133] Value given is for total population.[133] 175px
Black-winged petrel Pterodroma nigripennis 8,000,000-10,000,000[134] Template:IUCN-LC[134] Decrease[134] Values given are for total population.[134] 175px
Wilson's storm petrel Oceanites oceanicus 8,000,000-20,000,000[135] Template:IUCN-LC[135] Steady[135] Total population is estimated to be 12.0-30.0 million individuals.[135] 175px
Sooty shearwater Ardenna grisea 8,800,000[136] Template:IUCN-NT[136] Decrease[136] Total population is estimated to be 19.0-23.6 million individuals.[136] 175px
Great shearwater Ardenna gravis 10,000,000[137] Template:IUCN-LC[137] Steady[137] Total population is estimated to number more than 15.0 million individuals.[137] 175px
Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica 10,000,000-20,000,000[138] Template:IUCN-LC[138] Steady[138] Values given are for total population.[138] 175px
South Georgia diving petrel Pelecanoides georgicus 12,000,000[139] Template:IUCN-LC[139] Decrease[139] Total population is estimated to be 15.0 million individuals.[139] 175px
Salvin's prion Pachyptila salvini >12,000,000[140] Template:IUCN-LC[140] Steady[140] Value given is for total population.[140] 175px
Leach's storm petrel Hydrobates leucorhous 13,400,000-16,600,000[141] Template:IUCN-VU[141] Decrease[141] Total population is estimated to be more than 20,000,000 individuals.[141] 175px
Northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis 14,000,000[142] Template:IUCN-LC[142] Increase[142] Total population is estimated to be 20,000,000 individuals.[142] 175px
Broad-billed prion Pachyptila vittata >15,000,000[143] Template:IUCN-LC[143] Decrease[143] Value given is for total population.[143] 175px
Common diving petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix >16,000,000[144] Template:IUCN-LC[144] Decrease[144] Value given is for total population.[144] 175px
Short-tailed shearwater Ardenna tenuirostris >23,000,000[145] Template:IUCN-LC[145] Decrease[145] Value given is for total population.[145] 175px
Antarctic prion Pachyptila desolata 50,000,000[146] Template:IUCN-LC[146] Decrease[146] Value given is for total population.[146] 175px

Species without population estimates

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Bannerman's shearwater Puffinus bannermani unknown[147] Template:IUCN-EN[147] Decrease[147] 175px
Tropical shearwater Puffinus bailloni unknown[148] Template:IUCN-LC[148] Steady[148] Some wide-ranging estimates indicate there are at least 28,100 total individuals, but many more breeding colonies remain unsurveyed.[148] 175px
Subantarctic shearwater Puffinus elegans unknown[149] Template:IUCN-LC[149] Decrease[149] Population has not been formally estimated, though extrapolation from data in 2004 presented an estimate of "several hundred thousand pairs."[149] 175px

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Petrels, albatrosses – IOC World Bird List". https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/petrels/. 
  2. BirdLife International (2024). "Pterodroma rupinarum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22728800A262222743.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728800/262222743. 
  3. BirdLife International (2024). "Bulweria bifax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22728804A262268997.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728804/262268997. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697935A132613365.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697935/132613365. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Hydrobates macrodactylus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698530A132651919.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698530/132651919. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma caribbaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698097A132625182.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698097/132625182. 
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Fregetta maoriana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728808A132659638.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728808/132659638. 
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus myrtae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132468585A132468877.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/132468585/132468877. 
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus bryani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T45354718A132254426.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/45354718/132254426. 
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pseudobulweria becki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697913A132612218.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697913/132612218. 
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma magentae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. 
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 BirdLife International. (2018). "Diomedea amsterdamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698310A132397831.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698310/132397831. Retrieved 26 August 2025. 
  13. 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pseudobulweria aterrima". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697896A132611797.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697896/132611797. 
  14. 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 BirdLife International. (2018). "Pterodroma madeira". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698062A132622973.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698062/132622973. Retrieved 26 August 2025. 
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma cahow". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698088A132624115.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698088/132624115. 
  16. 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 BirdLife International (2019). "Pelecanoides whenuahouensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T155187257A155188651.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/155187257/155188651. 
  17. 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 BirdLife International (2023). "Fregetta lineata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T230025395A230864868.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/230025395/230864868. 
  18. 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus auricularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698235A132637811.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698235/132637811. 
  19. 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus heinrothi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698277A132639135.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698277/132639135. 
  20. 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Hydrobates monteiroi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22735624A132665118.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22735624/132665118. 
  21. 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma deserta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22736135A132665941.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22736135/132665941. 
  22. 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma brevipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697987A132617265.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697987/132617265. 
  23. 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Nesofregetta fuliginosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698471A132649758.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698471/132649758. 
  24. 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma feae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728011A132655668.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728011/132655668. 
  25. 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma hasitata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698092A132624510.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698092/132624510. 
  26. 26.0 26.1 26.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma axillaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697949A132613763.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697949/132613763. 
  27. 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Phoebastria albatrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698335A132642113.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698335/132642113. 
  28. 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Oceanites pincoyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T45354823A132668660.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/45354823/132668660. 
  29. 29.0 29.1 29.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma arminjoniana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698005A132618884.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698005/132618884. 
  30. 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 BirdLife International. (2018). "Pterodroma leucoptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697970A132615952.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697970/132615952. Retrieved 26 August 2025. 
  31. 31.0 31.1 31.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Hydrobates socorroensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132450926A132452334.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/132450926/132452334. 
  32. 32.0 32.1 32.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Hydrobates cheimomnestes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132441735A132441789.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/132441735/132441789. 
  33. 33.0 33.1 33.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Bulweria fallax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698136A132628433.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698136/132628433. 
  34. 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Diomedea dabbenena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728364A132657527.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728364/132657527. 
  35. 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Hydrobates homochroa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698562A132653646.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698562/132653646. 
  36. 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Procellaria parkinsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698150A132629374.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698150/132629374. 
  37. 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma defilippiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697990A132617737.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697990/132617737. 
  38. 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma phaeopygia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698020A132619647.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698020/132619647. 
  39. 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pelecanoides magellani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698288A132639850.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698288/132639850. 
  40. 40.0 40.1 40.2 BirdLife International. (2018). "Pterodroma sandwichensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698017A132378813.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698017/132378813. Retrieved 26 August 2025. 
  41. 41.0 41.1 41.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Procellaria westlandica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698155A132629809.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698155/132629809. 
  42. 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 BirdLife International (2019). "Puffinus newelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132467692A152723568.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/132467692/152723568. 
  43. 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pseudobulweria rostrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697925A132612667.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697925/132612667. 
  44. 44.0 44.1 44.2 BirdLife International (2019). "Puffinus persicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22698267A155532631.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698267/155532631. 
  45. 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Thalassarche eremita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698393A132644476.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698393/132644476. 
  46. 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma pycrofti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697984A132616888.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697984/132616888. 
  47. 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Calonectris edwardsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22729421A132660464.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22729421/132660464. 
  48. 48.0 48.1 48.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Hydrobates jabejabe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132434704A132434879.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/132434704/132434879. 
  49. 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Diomedea sanfordi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728323A132656392.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728323/132656392. 
  50. 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus mauretanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728432A132658315.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728432/132658315. 
  51. 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Procellaria conspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728437A132659002.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728437/132659002. 
  52. 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 BirdLife International. (2019). "Hydrobates tristrami". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22698535A155161970.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698535/155161970. Retrieved 26 August 2025. 
  53. 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 BirdLife International. (2022). "Pterodroma alba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22698001A183088698.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698001/183088698. Retrieved 26 August 2025. 
  54. 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 BirdLife International. (2018). "Hydrobates matsudairae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698548A132652969.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698548/132652969. Retrieved 26 August 2025. 
  55. 55.0 55.1 55.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Diomedea exulans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698305A132640680.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698305/132640680. 
  56. 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Phoebetria fusca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698431A132645596.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698431/132645596. 
  57. 57.0 57.1 57.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Macronectes halli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697859A132609000.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697859/132609000. 
  58. 58.0 58.1 58.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Diomedea epomophora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698314A132641187.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698314/132641187. 
  59. 59.0 59.1 59.2 BirdLife International (2022). "Thalassarche cauta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22729604A213489185.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22729604/213489185. 
  60. 60.0 60.1 60.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma baraui". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698035A132621225.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698035/132621225. 
  61. 61.0 61.1 61.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus lherminieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T45959182A132669169.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/45959182/132669169. 
  62. 62.0 62.1 62.2 Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International Digital Checklist of the Birds of the World: Version 10. BirdLife International. October 2025. https://datazone.birdlife.org/about-our-science/taxonomy#birdlife-s-taxonomic-checklist. 
  63. 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Oceanites gracilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698442A132647135.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698442/132647135. 
  64. 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus yelkouan". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698230A132637221.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698230/132637221. 
  65. 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Phoebastria irrorata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698320A132641638.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698320/132641638. 
  66. 66.0 66.1 66.2 BirdLife International (2021). "Puffinus subalaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22733979A163618430.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22733979/163618430. 
  67. 67.0 67.1 67.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Thalassarche chlororhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698425A132645225.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698425/132645225. 
  68. 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma atrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728442A132659355.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728442/132659355. 
  69. 69.0 69.1 69.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Thalassarche impavida". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728349A132657209.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728349/132657209. 
  70. 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.3 BirdLife International (2022). "Pachyptila macgillivrayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T104062579A198532259.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/104062579/198532259. 
  71. 71.0 71.1 71.2 71.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Diomedea antipodensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728318A132656045.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728318/132656045. 
  72. 72.0 72.1 72.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Thalassarche bulleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728328A132656798.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728328/132656798. 
  73. 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Phoebetria palpebrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698448A132647449.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698448/132647449. 
  74. 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Ardenna creatopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698195A132633266.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698195/132633266. 
  75. 75.0 75.1 75.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Hydrobates monorhis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698520A132651372.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698520/132651372. 
  76. 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 BirdLife International (2022). "Pterodroma solandri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22698042A210914793.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698042/210914793. 
  77. 77.0 77.1 77.2 77.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Thalassarche salvini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698388A132644161.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698388/132644161. 
  78. 78.0 78.1 78.2 78.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Thalassarche carteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728372A132657962.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728372/132657962. 
  79. 79.0 79.1 79.2 79.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Macronectes giganteus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697852A132608499.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697852/132608499. 
  80. 80.0 80.1 80.2 80.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma cervicalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697957A132614556.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697957/132614556. 
  81. 81.0 81.1 81.2 BirdLife International (2020). "Pelecanoides garnotii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22698280A179971538.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698280/179971538. 
  82. 82.0 82.1 82.2 82.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus gavia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698249A132638295.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698249/132638295. 
  83. 83.0 83.1 83.2 83.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Hydrobates microsoma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698485A132650731.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698485/132650731. 
  84. 84.0 84.1 84.2 84.3 BirdLife International. (2019). "Hydrobates markhami". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22698543A156377889.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698543/156377889. Retrieved 26 August 2025. 
  85. 85.0 85.1 85.2 85.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pachyptila crassirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698128A132627340.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698128/132627340. 
  86. 86.0 86.1 86.2 86.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus assimilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T45959011A132668808.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/45959011/132668808. 
  87. 87.0 87.1 87.2 BirdLife International (2020). "Phoebastria nigripes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22698350A181896323.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698350/181896323. 
  88. 88.0 88.1 88.2 BirdLife International (2019). "Ardenna carneipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22698188A155469189.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698188/155469189. 
  89. 89.0 89.1 89.2 89.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Hydrobates castro". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132341128A132433305.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/132341128/132433305. 
  90. 90.0 90.1 90.2 90.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma heraldica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698012A132619211.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698012/132619211. 
  91. 91.0 91.1 91.2 91.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus nativitatis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698222A132636216.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698222/132636216. 
  92. 92.0 92.1 92.2 92.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma neglecta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698027A132620272.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698027/132620272. 
  93. 93.0 93.1 93.2 BirdLife International (2021). "Procellaria cinerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22698159A175348962.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698159/175348962. 
  94. 94.0 94.1 94.2 BirdLife International (2022). "Puffinus opisthomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22698246A117364166.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698246/117364166. 
  95. 95.0 95.1 95.2 95.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Garrodia nereis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22729148A132660152.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22729148/132660152. 
  96. 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3 BirdLife International (2019). "Puffinus huttoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22698252A152719059.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698252/152719059. 
  97. 97.0 97.1 97.2 97.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Thalassarche chrysostoma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698398A132644834.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698398/132644834. 
  98. 98.0 98.1 98.2 98.3 BirdLife International. (2019). "Pterodroma longirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22697997A152684668.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697997/152684668. Retrieved 26 August 2025. 
  99. 99.0 99.1 99.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Calonectris diomedea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T45061132A132667885.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/45061132/132667885. 
  100. 100.0 100.1 100.2 100.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Fregetta grallaria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698465A132649235.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698465/132649235. 
  101. 101.0 101.1 101.2 101.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma gouldi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T45048990A132667566.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/45048990/132667566. 
  102. 102.0 102.1 102.2 102.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Hydrobates pelagicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698477A132650209.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698477/132650209. 
  103. 103.0 103.1 103.2 103.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Fregetta tropica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698459A132648556.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698459/132648556. 
  104. 104.0 104.1 104.2 104.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Hydrobates tethys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698496A132651043.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698496/132651043. 
  105. 105.0 105.1 105.2 105.3 BirdLife International (2019). "Hydrobates hornbyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22698567A156372027.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698567/156372027. 
  106. 106.0 106.1 106.2 106.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Bulweria bulwerii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698132A132627626.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698132/132627626. 
  107. 107.0 107.1 107.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Calonectris borealis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22732244A132661794.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22732244/132661794. 
  108. 108.0 108.1 108.2 BirdLife International (2020). "Hydrobates melania". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22698557A168981163.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698557/168981163. 
  109. 109.0 109.1 109.2 109.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma lessonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698055A132622621.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698055/132622621. 
  110. 110.0 110.1 110.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma cookii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697975A132616449.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697975/132616449. 
  111. 111.0 111.1 111.2 111.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus puffinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698226A132636603.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698226/132636603. 
  112. 112.0 112.1 112.2 112.3 BirdLife International (2019). "Pterodroma ultima". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22698039A155656440.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698039/155656440. 
  113. 113.0 113.1 113.2 113.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma hypoleuca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697967A132615616.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697967/132615616. 
  114. 114.0 114.1 114.2 114.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Aphrodroma brevirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697888A132611455.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697888/132611455. 
  115. 115.0 115.1 115.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Thalassarche melanophrys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698375A132643647.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698375/132643647. 
  116. 116.0 116.1 116.2 116.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma inexpectata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697963A132615071.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697963/132615071. 
  117. 117.0 117.1 117.2 117.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma macroptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T45048812A132667191.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/45048812/132667191. 
  118. 118.0 118.1 118.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Phoebastria immutabilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698365A132643073.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698365/132643073. 
  119. 119.0 119.1 119.2 BirdLife International (2019). "Pterodroma incerta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22698084A152715347.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698084/152715347. 
  120. 120.0 120.1 120.2 120.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma externa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698030A132620783.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698030/132620783. 
  121. 121.0 121.1 121.2 121.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Daption capense". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697879A132610612.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697879/132610612. 
  122. 122.0 122.1 122.2 122.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Ardenna bulleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698182A132632044.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698182/132632044. 
  123. 123.0 123.1 123.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Procellaria aequinoctialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698140A132628887.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698140/132628887. 
  124. 124.0 124.1 124.2 124.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Calonectris leucomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698172A132630766.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698172/132630766. 
  125. 125.0 125.1 125.2 125.3 BirdLife International (2020). "Halobaena caerulea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22698102A181599271.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698102/181599271. 
  126. 126.0 126.1 126.2 126.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Fulmarus glacialoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697870A132609920.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697870/132609920. 
  127. 127.0 127.1 127.2 127.3 BirdLife International (2020). "Hydrobates furcatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22698572A168979865.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698572/168979865. 
  128. 128.0 128.1 128.2 128.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pelagodroma marina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698453A132647873.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698453/132647873. 
  129. 129.0 129.1 129.2 129.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pagodroma nivea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697885A132611127.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697885/132611127. 
  130. 130.0 130.1 130.2 130.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pachyptila turtur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698124A132626982.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698124/132626982. 
  131. 131.0 131.1 131.2 131.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma mollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698080A132623309.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698080/132623309. 
  132. 132.0 132.1 132.2 132.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Ardenna pacifica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698175A132631353.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698175/132631353. 
  133. 133.0 133.1 133.2 133.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pachyptila belcheri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698119A132626620.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698119/132626620. 
  134. 134.0 134.1 134.2 134.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma nigripennis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697954A132614122.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697954/132614122. 
  135. 135.0 135.1 135.2 135.3 BirdLife International. (2018). "Oceanites oceanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698436A132646007.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698436/132646007. Retrieved 26 August 2025. 
  136. 136.0 136.1 136.2 136.3 BirdLife International (2019). "Ardenna grisea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22698209A154440143.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698209/154440143. 
  137. 137.0 137.1 137.2 137.3 BirdLife International (2021). "Ardenna gravis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22698201A168963992.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698201/168963992. 
  138. 138.0 138.1 138.2 138.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Thalassoica antarctica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697875A132610289.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697875/132610289. 
  139. 139.0 139.1 139.2 139.3 BirdLife International (2019). "Pelecanoides georgicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T155187102A155188668.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/155187102/155188668. 
  140. 140.0 140.1 140.2 140.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pachyptila salvini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T104062546A132674879.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/104062546/132674879. 
  141. 141.0 141.1 141.2 141.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Hydrobates leucorhous". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132438298A132438484.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/132438298/132438484. 
  142. 142.0 142.1 142.2 142.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Fulmarus glacialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697866A132609419.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697866/132609419. 
  143. 143.0 143.1 143.2 143.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pachyptila vittata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698106A132625918.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698106/132625918. 
  144. 144.0 144.1 144.2 144.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pelecanoides urinatrix". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698300A132640347.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698300/132640347. 
  145. 145.0 145.1 145.2 145.3 BirdLife International. (2018). "Ardenna tenuirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698216A132635686.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698216/132635686. Retrieved 26 August 2025. 
  146. 146.0 146.1 146.2 146.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Pachyptila desolata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698114A132626218.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698114/132626218. 
  147. 147.0 147.1 147.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus bannermani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698272A132638930.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698272/132638930. 
  148. 148.0 148.1 148.2 148.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus bailloni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22734070A132308779.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22734070/132308779. 
  149. 149.0 149.1 149.2 149.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus elegans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T45959186A132669815.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/45959186/132669815. 

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