Biology:List of carnivorous plants

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Darlingtonia californica is a carnivorous plant, the sole member of the genus Darlingtonia in the family Sarraceniaceae.

This list of carnivorous plants is a comprehensive listing of all known carnivorous plant species, of which more than 750 are currently recognised.[1] Unless otherwise stated it is based on Jan Schlauer's Carnivorous Plant Database. Extinct taxa are denoted with a dagger (†).

Some of the species on this list may not satisfy certain strict definitions of plant carnivory, and could alternatively be characterised as merely paracarnivorous or protocarnivorous.

Extant species

Aldrovanda

Aldrovanda vesiculosa

This genus contains a single extant species.

Brocchinia

This genus contains around 20 extant species, of which at least two are thought to be carnivorous.

Byblis

The following list of 8 species is based on Carnivorous Plants of Australia Magnum Opus (2013).[2]

Catopsis

This genus contains around 20 extant species, of which at least one is thought to be carnivorous.

Cephalotus

This genus contains a single extant species.

  • Cephalotus follicularis Labill., 1806

Darlingtonia

This genus contains a single extant species.

Dionaea

Dionaea muscipula

This genus contains a single extant species.

  • Dionaea muscipula Soland. ex Ellis, 1773

Drosera

Main page: List of Drosera species There are around 208 species here:
Drosera binata
Drosera derbyensis
Drosera hartmeyerorum
Drosera madagascariensis
Drosera pedicellaris
Drosera tokaiensis

Drosophyllum

Drosophyllum lusitanicum

This genus contains a single extant species.

  • Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link, 1805 (Bas.: Drosera lusitanica)

Genlisea

The following list of 29 species is based on Monograph of the Genus Genlisea (2012).[3]

  • Genlisea africana Oliv., 1865
  • Genlisea angolensis R.D.Good, 1924
  • Genlisea aurea A.St.-Hil., 1833
  • Genlisea barthlottii S.Porembski, Eb.Fisch. & Gemmel, 1996
  • Genlisea exhibitionista Rivadavia & A.Fleischm., 2011
  • Genlisea filiformis A.St.-Hil., 1833
  • Genlisea flexuosa Rivadavia, A.Fleischm. & Gonella, 2011
  • Genlisea glabra P.Taylor, 1967
  • Genlisea glandulosissima R.E.Fr., 1916
  • Genlisea guianensis N.E.Br., 1900
Genlisea violacea
  • Genlisea hispidula Stapf, 1904
  • Genlisea lobata Fromm, 1989
  • Genlisea margaretae Hutch., 1946
  • Genlisea metallica Rivadavia & A.Fleischm., 2011
  • Genlisea nebulicola Rivadavia, Gonella & A.Fleischm., 2011
  • Genlisea nigrocaulis Steyerm., 1948
  • Genlisea oligophylla Rivadavia & A.Fleischm., 2011
  • Genlisea oxycentron P.Taylor, 1954
  • Genlisea pallida Fromm & P.Taylor, 1985
  • Genlisea pulchella Tutin, 1934
  • Genlisea pygmaea A.St.-Hil., 1833
  • Genlisea repens Benj., 1847
  • Genlisea roraimensis N.E.Br., 1901
  • Genlisea sanariapoana Steyerm., 1953
  • Genlisea stapfii A.Chev., 1912
  • Genlisea subglabra Stapf, 1906
  • Genlisea tuberosa Rivadavia, Gonella & A.Fleischm., 2013
  • Genlisea uncinata P.Taylor & Fromm, 1983
  • Genlisea violacea A.St.-Hil., 1833

Heliamphora

The following list of 23 species (plus 2 undescribed species) is based on Sarraceniaceae of South America (2011).[4]

Heliamphora nutans

Nepenthes

Main page: Biology:List of Nepenthes species

The following list of 170 species (plus 2 undescribed species) is based on Pitcher Plants of the Old World (2009)[5] and New Nepenthes (2011),[6] with the addition of newly described species.

Nepenthes aristolochioides
Nepenthes eymae
Nepenthes rajah
Nepenthes villosa

Philcoxia

This genus contains seven extant species, all of which are thought to be carnivorous.

  • Philcoxia bahiensis V.C.Souza & Harley, 2000
  • Philcoxia goiasensis P.Taylor, 2000
  • Philcoxia minensis V.C.Souza & Giul., 2000
  • Philcoxia tuberosa M.L.S.Carvalho & L.P.Queiroz, 2014
  • Philcoxia rhizomatosa A.V.Scatigna & V.C.Souza, 2015
  • Philcoxia maranhensis A.V.Scatigna, 2017
  • Philcoxia courensis A.V.Scatigna, 2017

Pinguicula

Main page: Biology:List of Pinguicula species
Pinguicula moranensis
  • Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K., 1817
  • Pinguicula mundi Blanca, Jamilena, Ruiz-Rejon & Zamora, 1996
  • Pinguicula nevadensis (Lindbg.) Casper, 1962 (Bas.: Pinguicula vulgaris subsp. nevadensis)
  • Pinguicula oblongiloba A.DC., 1844
  • Pinguicula orchidioides A.DC., 1844
  • Pinguicula parvifolia Robinson, 1894
  • Pinguicula pilosa Luhrs, Studnicka & Gluch, 2004
  • Pinguicula planifolia Chapm., 1897
  • Pinguicula poldinii Steiger & Casper, 2001
  • Pinguicula potosiensis Speta & Fuchs, 1989
  • Pinguicula primuliflora Wood & Godfr., 1957
  • Pinguicula pumila Michx., 1803
  • Pinguicula ramosa Miyoshi ex Yatabe, 1890
  • Pinguicula rectifolia Speta & Fuchs, 1989
  • Pinguicula reticulata Fuchs ex Schlauer, 1991
  • Pinguicula rotundiflora Studnicka, 1985
  • Pinguicula sharpii Casper & K.Kondo, 1997
  • Pinguicula takakii Zamudio Ruiz & Rzedowski, 1986
  • Pinguicula toldensis Casper, 2007
  • Pinguicula utricularioides Zamudio Ruiz & Rzedowski, 1991
  • Pinguicula vallisneriifolia Webb, 1853
  • Pinguicula variegata Turcz., 1840
  • Pinguicula villosa L., 1753
  • Pinguicula vulgaris L., 1753
  • Pinguicula zecheri Speta & Fuchs, 1982

Roridula

This genus contains two extant species.

Sarracenia

The following list of 8 species is based on Sarraceniaceae of North America (2011).[7]

Sarracenia oreophila

Some authorities additionally recognise up to three more species:

Stylidium

Main page: Biology:List of Stylidium species

Around 300 species of Stylidium are currently recognised.

  • Stylidium accedens
  • Stylidium aceratum
  • Stylidium aciculare
  • Stylidium acuminatum
  • Stylidium adenophorum
  • Stylidium adnatum : Beaked triggerplant
  • Stylidium adpressum : Trigger-on-stilts
  • Stylidium aeonioides
  • Stylidium affine : Queen triggerplant
  • Stylidium albolilacinum
  • Stylidium albomontis
  • Stylidium alsinoides
  • Stylidium amoenum : Lovely (or Beautiful) triggerplant
  • Stylidium androsaceum
  • Stylidium aquaticum
  • Stylidium arenicola
  • Stylidium armerium
  • Stylidium articulatum : Stout triggerplant
  • Stylidium assimile : Bronze-leaved triggerplant
  • Stylidium asymmetricum : Asymmetric triggerplant
  • Stylidium austrocapense
  • Stylidium barleei : Tooth-leaved triggerplant
  • Stylidium bauthas
  • Stylidium beaugleholei
  • Stylidium begoniifolium
  • Stylidium bellidifolium
  • Stylidium bicolor
  • Stylidium breviscapum : Boomerang triggerplant
  • Stylidium brunonianum : Pink fountain triggerplant
  • Stylidium brunonis
  • Stylidium bryoides
Stylidium bulbiferum
  • Stylidium bulbiferum : Circus triggerplant
  • Stylidium burbidgeanum
  • Stylidium buxifolium
  • Stylidium caespitosum : Fly-away triggerplant
  • Stylidium calcaratum : Book triggerplant
  • Stylidium candelabrum
  • Stylidium capillare
  • Stylidium caricifolium : Milkmaids
  • Stylidium carlquistii
  • Stylidium carnosum : Fleshy-leaved triggerplant
  • Stylidium caulescens
  • Stylidium ceratophorum
  • Stylidium chiddarcoopingense
  • Stylidium chinense
  • Stylidium choreanthum : Dancing triggerplant
  • Stylidium cicatricosum
  • Stylidium ciliatum : Golden triggerplant
  • Stylidium cilium
  • Stylidium clarksonii
  • Stylidium clavatum
  • Stylidium claytonioides
  • Stylidium coatesianum
  • Stylidium compressum
  • Stylidium confertum
  • Stylidium confluens
  • Stylidium cordifolium
  • Stylidium coroniforme : Wongan Hills triggerplant
  • Stylidium corymbosum : Whitecaps
  • Stylidium costulatum
  • Stylidium crassifolium : Thick-leaved triggerplant
  • Stylidium crossocephalum : Posy triggerplant
  • Stylidium cuneiformis
  • Stylidium cygnorum
  • Stylidium cymiferum
  • Stylidium daphne
  • Stylidium debile
  • Stylidium delicatum
  • Stylidium desertorum
  • Stylidium despectum : Dwarf triggerplant
  • Stylidium diceratum
Stylidium dichotomum
Bud and scape of Stylidium fimbriatum displaying the trichomes that can trap and kill insects.
Stlydium laricifolium print from William Jackson Hooker's 1823 Exotic Flora.
  • Stylidium laricifolium : Tree (or Larch-leaf) triggerplant
  • Stylidium lateriticola
  • Stylidium lehmannianum
  • Stylidium leiophyllum
  • Stylidium lepidum : Redcaps
  • Stylidium leptobotrydium
  • Stylidium leptobotrys
  • Stylidium leptocalyx : Slender-calyxed triggerplant
  • Stylidium leptophyllum : Needle-leaved triggerplant
  • Stylidium leptorrhizum
  • Stylidium leptostachyum
  • Stylidium lessonii
  • Stylidium leeuwinense
  • Stylidium limbatum : Fringed-leaved triggerplant
  • Stylidium lindleyanum
  • Stylidium lineare : Narrow-leaved triggerplant
  • Stylidium lineatum : Sunny triggerplant
  • Stylidium lobuliflorum
  • Stylidium longibracteatum : Long-bracted triggerplant
  • Stylidium longicornu
  • Stylidium longifolium
  • Stylidium longissimum
  • Stylidium longitubum : Jumping Jacks
  • Stylidium lowrieanum
  • Stylidium luteum : Yellow triggerplant
  • Stylidium macranthum : Crab claws
  • Stylidium maitlandianum : Fountain triggerplant
  • Stylidium majus
  • Stylidium marginatum
  • Stylidium maritimum
  • Stylidium marradongense
  • Stylidium megacarpum
  • Stylidium melastachys
  • Stylidium merrallii : Merralls triggerplant
  • Stylidium mimeticum
  • Stylidium miniatum : Pink butterfly triggerplant
  • Stylidium minus
  • Stylidium mitchellii
  • Stylidium mitrasacmoides
  • Stylidium montanum
  • Stylidium mucronatum
  • Stylidium multiscapum
  • Stylidium muscicola
  • Stylidium neglectum : Neglected triggerplant
  • Stylidium nominatum
  • Stylidium nonscandens
  • Stylidium nudum
  • Stylidium nunagarensis : Nungarin triggerplant
  • Stylidium obtusatum : Pinafore triggerplant
  • Stylidium ornatum
  • Stylidium oviflorum
  • Stylidium pachyrrhizum
  • Stylidium paniculatum
  • Stylidium paulineae
  • Stylidium pedunculatum
  • Stylidium pendulum
  • Stylidium periscelianthum : Pantaloon triggerplant
  • Stylidium perizostera
  • Stylidium perminutum
  • Stylidium perpusillum : Tiny triggerplant
  • Stylidium petiolare : Horned triggerplant
  • Stylidium piliferum : Common butterfly triggerplant
  • Stylidium pingrupense
  • Stylidium planifolium
  • Stylidium plantagineum : Plantagenet triggerplant
  • Stylidium polystachium
  • Stylidium preissii : Lizard triggerplant
  • Stylidium pritzelianum : Royal triggerplant
Stylidium productum
  • Stylidium productum
  • Stylidium proliferum
  • Stylidium prophyllum
  • Stylidium propinquum
  • Stylidium pruinosum
  • Stylidium pseudocaespitosum
  • Stylidium pseudohirsutum
  • Stylidium pseudosacculatum
  • Stylidium pseudotenellum
  • Stylidium pubigerum : Yellow Butterfly triggerplant
  • Stylidium pulchellum : Thumbelina triggerplant
  • Stylidium pulviniforme
  • Stylidium pycnostachyum : Downy triggerplant
  • Stylidium pygmaeum : Pygmy triggerplant
  • Stylidium quadrifurcatum : Four-pronged triggerplant
  • Stylidium ramosissimum
  • Stylidium ramosum
  • Stylidium reductum
  • Stylidium reduplicatum
  • Stylidium repens : Matted triggerplant
  • Stylidium rhipidium : Fan triggerplant
  • Stylidium rhynchocarpum : Black-beaked triggerplant
  • Stylidium ricae
  • Stylidium rigidulum
  • Stylidium rivulosum
  • Stylidium robustum
  • Stylidium roseo-alatum : Pink-wing triggerplant
  • Stylidium roseonanum
  • Stylidium roseum
  • Stylidium rotundifolium
  • Stylidium rubriscapum
  • Stylidium rupestre : Rock triggerplant
  • Stylidium sacculatum
  • Stylidium scabridum : Moth triggerplant
Curtis's Botanical Magazine print of Stylidium scandens.
Stylidium turbinatum
  • Stylidium turbinatum
  • Stylidium tylosum
  • Stylidium udusicola
  • Stylidium uliginosum
  • Stylidium umbellatum
  • Stylidium uniflorum : Pincushion triggerplant
  • Stylidium utriculariodes : Pink fan triggerplant
  • Stylidium validum
  • Stylidium velleioides
  • Stylidium verticillatum: Pink mountain triggerplant
  • Stylidium violaceum : Violet triggerplant
  • Stylidium vitiense
  • Stylidium warriedarense
  • Stylidium weeliwolli
  • Stylidium wightianum
  • Stylidium wilroyense
  • Stylidium xanthopis : Yellow eyed triggerplant
  • Stylidium yilgarnense : Yilgarn triggerplant
  • Stylidium zeicolor : Maize triggerplant

Triantha

This genus contains at least 4 species, one of which was reported to be carnivorous in 2021.[8]

Triphyophyllum

Triphyophyllum peltatum

This genus contains a single extant species.

  • Triphyophyllum peltatum (Hutch. & Dalz.) Airy Shaw, 1952 (Bas.: Dioncophyllum peltatum)

Utricularia

Main page: Biology:List of Utricularia species
Utricularia bisquamata
Utricularia dichotoma
Utricularia inflata
Utricularia minor
Utricularia sandersonii
Utricularia warburgii

Extinct species

Aldrovanda

Numerous extinct species of Aldrovanda have been described, all of which are known only from fossil pollen and seeds (with the exception of A. inopinata, which is also known from fossilised laminae).

  • Aldrovanda borysthenica
  • Aldrovanda clavata
  • Aldrovanda dokturovskyi
  • Aldrovanda eleanorae
  • Aldrovanda europaea
  • Aldrovanda inopinata
  • Aldrovanda intermedia
  • Aldrovanda kuprianovae
  • Aldrovanda megalopolitana
  • Aldrovanda nana
  • Aldrovanda ovata
  • Aldrovanda praevesiculosa
  • Aldrovanda rugosa
  • Aldrovanda sibirica
  • Aldrovanda sobolevii
  • Aldrovanda unica
  • Aldrovanda zussii

Archaeamphora

Artist's restoration of Archaeamphora longicervia.

This genus contains a single extinct species, described from fossilised leaf material. The identification of Archaeamphora as a pitcher plant (and therefore carnivorous plant) has been questioned by a number of authors.[4][9][10]

  • Archaeamphora longicervia Li, 2005

Droserapites

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen.

  • Droserapites clavatus Huang, 1978

Droserapollis

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen.

  • Droserapollis gemmatus Huang, 1978
  • Droserapollis khasiensis Kumar, 1995
  • Droserapollis lusaticus (Krutzsch, 1959)
  • Droserapollis taiwanensis Shaw, 1999

Droseridites

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen. Three species of the "Droseridites echinosporus group" have been transferred to the genus Nepenthes (see below).

  • Droseridites baculatus Ibrahim, 1996
  • Droseridites parvus Dutta & Sah, 1970
  • Droseridites senonicus Jardiné & Magloire, 1965
  • Droseridites spinosus (Cookson) R.Potonié, 1960

Fischeripollis

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen.

  • Fischeripollis halensis Truswell & Marchant, 2051
  • Fischeripollis krutschei Muller, 2039
  • Fischeripollis undulatus

Nepenthes

Three species known only from fossil pollen and originally assigned to Droseridites have been transferred to the genus Nepenthes.

  • Nepenthes echinatus (Hunger) Krutzsch, 1985
  • Nepenthes echinosporus (R.Potonié) Krutzsch, 1985
  • Nepenthes major (Krutzsch) Krutzsch, 1985

Nepenthidites

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen. Droseridites major (Nepenthes major) and Droseridites parvus are considered synonyms of Nepenthidites laitryngewensis by some authorities.[11]

  • Nepenthidites laitryngewensis Kumar, 1995

Palaeoaldrovanda

This is a form taxon known only from what were originally described as fossil seeds. These supposed seeds have subsequently been identified as insect eggs.[9]

  • Palaeoaldrovanda splendens Knobloch & Mai, 1984

Saxonipollis

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen.

  • Saxonipollis saxonicus Krutzsch, 1970

See also

References

  1. Lowrie, A. (2013). Preface. In: Carnivorous Plants of Australia Magnum Opus - Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. xi–xiii. ISBN:978-1-908787-11-8.
  2. Lowrie, A. (2013). Byblis. In: Carnivorous Plants of Australia Magnum Opus - Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 205–237. ISBN:978-1-908787-11-8.
  3. Fleischmann, A. (2012). Monograph of the Genus Genlisea. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN:978-190-878-700-2.
  4. 4.0 4.1 McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz (2011). Sarraceniaceae of South America. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN:978-0-9558918-7-8.
  5. McPherson, S.R. (2009). Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN:978-0-9558918-2-3. ISBN:978-0-9558918-3-0.
  6. McPherson, S.R. (2011). New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN:978-0-9558918-9-2.
  7. McPherson, S. & D. Schnell (2011). Sarraceniaceae of North America. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN:978-0-9558918-6-1.
  8. Lin, Qianshi; Ané, Cécile; Givnish, Thomas J.; Graham, Sean W. (August 17, 2021). "A new carnivorous plant lineage (Triantha) with a unique sticky-inflorescence trap". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118 (33): e2022724118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2022724118. PMID 34373325. Bibcode2021PNAS..11822724L. 
  9. 9.0 9.1 Heřmanová, Z. & J. Kvaček (2010). Late Cretaceous Palaeoaldrovanda, not seeds of a carnivorous plant, but eggs of an insect . Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series, 179(9): 105–118.
  10. Brittnacher, J. (2013). Phylogeny and biogeography of the Sarraceniaceae. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42(3): 99–106.
  11. Saxena, R.K. & G.K. Trivedi (2006). A Catalogue of Tertiary Spores and Pollen from India. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.