Biology:List of echinoderm orders

From HandWiki
Short description: None


A brittle star, Ophionereis reticulata
A sea cucumber from Malaysia
Starfish exhibit a wide range of colours.

This List of echinoderm orders concerns the various classes and orders into which taxonomists categorize the roughly 7000 extant species[1] as well as the extinct species of the exclusively marine phylum Echinodermata.

Subphylum Crinozoa

Class Crinoidea

Crinoid
Haeckel Cystoidea

? Class Camptostromatoidea †

Recent research has found weak support for the recovery of Camptostroma as the sister group of the crinoids.[2][3] However, other phylogenies are ambiguous regarding whether it is closer to the crinoids, eocrinoids, or eleutherozoans.[4]

Subphylum Asterozoa

Class Ophiuroidea (Brittle stars)

Class Asteroidea (Starfish)

Subphylum Echinozoa

Class Echinoidea (Sea urchins)

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a well-armoured sea urchin

Class Holothuroidea (Sea cucumbers)

See also: Biology:List of prehistoric sea cucumbers

Class Ophiocistioidea †

Euthemon

No orders recognized: class is divided up into four families, Eucladiidae, Sollasiniidae, Volchoviidae, and Rhenosquamidae. The inclusion of Rhenosquamidae within Ophiocistioidea is doubtful, as the organs identified in fossils of Rhenosquamus as the characteristic "scaly podia" otherwise diagnostic of ophiocistioids may not, in fact, be such structures.

Class Edrioasteroidea †

Streptaster vorticellatus (Edrioasteroidea)
  • order Stromatocystitida
  • order Edrioasterida
  • order Isorophida

Class Helicoplacoidea †

No known orders, 2 known species, Helicoplacus curtisi and H. guthi

Subphylum Blastozoa

Class Blastoidea †

Blastoidea
  • Order Coronata †
  • Order Fissiculata †
  • Order Spiraculata †
  • basal Macurdablastus †

Class Eocrinoidea †

Gogia spiralis (Eocrinoidea)
  • Order Ascocystida †
  • Order Gogiida †
  • Order Imbricata †
  • Order Trachelocrinida †

Class Paracrinoidea †

  • order Comarocystitida †
  • order Platycystitida †

Class Rhombifera †

Note that Rhombiferans are often included in the informal group (and former class) Cystoidea†.

  • Order Dichoporita†
  • Order Fistuliporita†

Class Diploporita †

Note that Diploporitans are often included in the informal group (and former class) Cystoidea†.

  • order Aristocystitida
  • order Asteroblastida
  • order Glyptosphaeritida
  • order Sphaeronitida

Subphylum Homalozoa †

Corthurnocystis, a Stylophora.

Class Ctenocystoidea †

  • order Ctenocystida †

Class Soluta †

Sometimes treated as Class Homoiostelea, Order Soluta

Class Cincta †

Sometimes treated as Class Homostelea, Order Cincta

Class Stylophora †

References

  1. ↑ "Animal Diversity Web - Echinodermata". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Echinodermata.html. Retrieved 26 August 2012. 
  2. ↑ Guensburg et al. 2020, p. 332
  3. ↑ Guensburg, Mooi & Mongiardino Koch 2023, pp. 1104–1106
  4. ↑ Rahman & Zamora 2024, pp. 310–311
  5. ↑ Sweet 2005

Works cited



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:List_of_echinoderm_orders&oldid=4658557"