Biology:List of endemic species of Taiwan

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The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemic to the island of Taiwan— that is, they occur nowhere else on Earth.

Percentages of endemic animals of all living species in Taiwan.

Category Total species Endemic species (& ssp.) Percentages
Mammals 70 45 64%
Birds 450 84 19%
Reptiles 85 27 32%
Amphibians 37 17 46%
Freshwater fish 220 36 16%
Butterflies 400 50 13%
Total 1,257 252 20%

Percentages of endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan.[1]

Category Total (native) species Endemic species (& ssp.) Percentages
Pteridophytes 629 72 11%
Gymnosperms 28 18 64%
Dicotyledons 2,410 750 31%
Monocotyledons 1,010 227 23%
Total 4,077 1,067 26%

Endemic mammals

Formosan serow
Formosan macaque
  1. Formosan serow – Naemorhedus swinhoei (Gray)
  1. Formosan shrew – Soriculus fumidus Thomas
  2. Tada's shrew – Crocidura tadae Tokuda & Kano
  3. Koshun shrew – Soriculus sodalis Thomas
  1. Formosan field vole – Apodemus semotus Thomas
  2. Spinous country-rat – Niviventer coxingi (Swinhoe)
  3. Formosan white-bellied rat – Niviventer culturatus (Thomas)
  4. Kikuchi's field vole – Microtus kikuchii (Kuroda)
  1. Formosan macaque – Macaca cyclopis (Swinhoe)
  1. Formosan long-eared bat – Plecotus taivanus Yoshiyuki
  2. Formosan mouse-eared bat – Myotis taiwanensis Linde
  3. Formosan tube-nosed bat – Murina puta Kishida
  4. Yellow-necked bat – Arielulus torquatus Gabor & Lee
  5. Formosan broad-muzzled bat – Myotis latirostris Kishida
  6. Formosan leaf-nosed bat – Hipposideros terasensis Kisida
  7. Formosan greater horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn
  8. Formosan lesser horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus monoceros Andersen

Endemic birds

Taiwan blue magpie
Taiwan whistling thrush
Mikado pheasant

17 endemic bird species and another 60 endemic subspecies of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 569 bird species). The seventeen endemic species make up about 3% of all birds living in Taiwan.

  1. Yellow tit – Parus holsti Seebohm
  2. White-whiskered laughingthrush – Garrulax morrisonianus (Ogilvie-Grant)
  3. White-eared sibia – Heterophasia auricularis (Swinhoe)
  4. Taiwan yuhina – Yuhina brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant
  5. Taiwan barwing – Actinodura morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant
  6. Steere's liocichla – Liocichla steerii Swinhoe
  7. Taiwan blue magpie – Urocissa caerulea (Gould)
  8. Styan's bulbul – Pycnonotus taivanus Styan
  9. Taiwan whistling thrush – Myophonus insularis Gould
  10. Collared bush robin – Tarsiger johnstoniae (Ogilvie-Grant)
  11. Flamecrest – Regulus goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant
  12. Taiwan bush warbler – Bradypterus alishanensis
  13. Taiwan hwamei – Garrulax taewanus
  1. Taiwan hill partridge – Arborophila crudigularis (Swinhoe)
  2. Mikado pheasant – Syrmaticus mikado (Ogilivie-Grant)
  3. Swinhoe's pheasant – Lophura swinhoii (Gould)
  1. Taiwan barbet – Megalaima nuchalis

Endemic reptiles

  1. Formosan smooth skink – Scincella formosensis (Van Denburgh)
  2. Taiwan forest skink – Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen & Lue
  3. Lanyu scaly-toed gecko – Lepidodactylus yami Ota
  4. Kikuchi's gecko – Gekko kikuchii (Oshima)
  5. Gekko guishanicus Lin and Yao, 2016
  6. Short-legged japalure – Diploderma brevipes Gressitt
  7. Diploderma luei Ota, Chen & Shang, 1998
  8. Maki's japalura – Diploderma makii Ota
  9. Swinhoe's japalura – Diploderma swinhonis Gunther
  10. Formosan legless lizard – Ophisaurus formosensis Kishida
  11. Formosan grass lizard – Takydromus formosanus Boulenger
  12. Sauteri grass lizard – Takydromus sauteri Van Denburgh
  13. Hsuehshan grass lizard – Takydromus hsuehshanensis Lin & Cheng
  14. Stejneger's grass lizard – Takydromus stejnegeri Van Denburgh
  15. Hengchun blind snake – Typhlops koshunensis Oshima
  16. Taiwan slug-eating snake – Pareas formosensis (Van Dengurgh)
  17. Formosa odd-scaled snake – Achalinus formosanus Boulenger
  18. Black odd-scaled snake – Achalinus niger Maki
  19. Maki's keelback – Hebius miyajimae Maki
  20. Swinhoe's grass snake – Rhabdophis swinhonis (Günther)
  21. Formosa coral snake – Sinomicrurus sauteri (Steindachner)
  22. Taiwan pit viper – Trimeresurus gracilis Oshima

Endemic amphibians

  • Order Anura (frogs and toads)
  1. Central Formosan toad – Bufo bankorensis
  2. Stejneger's narrow-mouthed toad – Micryletta steinegeri
  3. Swinhoe's brown frog — Odorrana swinhoana
  4. Taipa frog — Rana longicrus
  5. Sauter's brown frog — Rana sauteri
  6. Ota's stream tree frog – Buergeria otai
  7. Robust Buerger's frog – Buergeria robusta
  8. Kurixalus berylliniris
  9. Temple treefrog – Kurixalus idiootocus
  10. Kurixalus wangi
  11. Farmland green treefrog – Rhacophorus arvalis
  12. Orange-belly treefrog – Rhacophorus aurantiventris
  13. Moltrecht's green tree frog – Rhacophorus moltrechti
  14. Emerald green treefrog – Rhacophorus prasinatus
  15. Taipei green treefrog – Rhacophorus taipeianus
  • Order Urodela (salamanders and newts)
  1. Alishan salamander – Hynobius arisanensis
  2. Formosan salamander – Hynobius formosanus
  3. Taiwan lesser salamander – Hynobius fuca
  4. Nanhu salamander – Hynobius glacialis
  5. Sonani's salamander – Hynobius sonani

Endemic freshwater fishes

Formosan landlocked salmon
  1. Taitung river loach – Hemimyzon taitungensis Tzeng et Shen
  2. Formosan river loach – Hemimyzon formosanus (Boulenger)
  3. Shen's river loach – Hemimyzon sheni Chen et Fang
  4. River loach – Formosania lacustris (Steindachner)
  5. Pulin river loach – Sinogastromyzon puliensis Liang
  6. Metzia mesembrinum (Regan)
  7. Pararasbora moltrechti Regan
  8. Acrossocheilus paradoxus (Günther)
  9. Lake Candidus dace – Candidia barbata (Regan)
  10. Microphysogobio alticorpus Banarescu et Nalbant
  11. Taiwan ku fish – Onychostoma alticorpus (Oshima)
  12. Freshwater minnow – Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther
  13. Gobiobotia cheni Banarescu et Nalbant
  14. Microphysogobio brevirostris (Günther)
  15. Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima)
  16. Squalidus iijimae (Oshima)
  1. Goby – Rhinogobius gigas Aonuma et Chen
  2. Goby – Rhinogobius formosanus Oshima
  3. Goby – Cryptocentrus yatsui Tomiyama
  4. Goby – Rhinogobius nantaiensis Aonuma et Chen
  5. Goby – Rhinogobius henchuenensis Chen et Shao
  6. Goby – Rhinogobius delicatus Chen et Shao
  7. Goby – Rhinogobius maculafasciatus Chen et Shao
  8. Goby – Rhinogobius rubromaculatus Lee et Chang
  9. Goby – Myersina yangii (Chen)
  10. Goby – Rhinogobius lanyuensis Chen, Miller et Fang
  • Order Siluriformes (catfishes)
  1. Formosan trooent catfish – Liobagrus formosanus Regan
  2. Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus adiposalis Oshima
  3. Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus brevianalis Regan
  1. Ariake icefish – Neosalanx acuticeps Regan (endangered)[2]
  1. Formosan landlocked salmon – Oncorhynchus formosanus (Jordan et Oshima)

See also

  • List of protected species in Taiwan
  • Ecology of Taiwan

References

  1. ↑ Hsieh, C. F. (2002) Composition, endemism and phytogeographical affinities of the Taiwan Flora. Taiwania 47(4): 298-310.
  2. ↑ Neosalanx acuticeps

External links




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