Biology:List of immune cells

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This is a list of immune cells, also known as white blood cells, white cells, leukocytes, or leucocytes. They are cells involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.[1]

Image Name Subtype Class Alternate names Diameter (μm) Main functions/targets References
100x100px Neutrophil Granulocyte Neutrophil
  • Neutrocyte
  • Heterophil
  • Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
 12-15 [2][3][4]
100x100px Eosinophil Granulocyte Eosinophil
  • Eosinophile
  • Acidophil
 12-15 [2][3]
100x100px Basophil Granulocyte Basophil
  • Basophilic granulocyte
 12-15 [2][3][5]
100x100px Mast cell Granulocyte Mast cell
  • Mastocyte
  • Labrocyte
  • Mastocytus
 8-20 [6][7]
100x100px Macrophage Monocyte Macrophage
  • Macrophagocytus
  • Mφ
  • MΦ
  • MP
 20-21 [8][9]
100x100px Histiocyte Monocyte Macrophage
  • Tissue macrophage
  • Macrophagocytus immobilis
 20-21 [10][8]
100x100px Kupffer cell Monocyte Macrophage
  • Stellate macrophage
  • Kupffer–Browicz cell
  • Liver macrophage
  • Macrophagocytus stellatus
 20-21 [11][8]
100x100px Alveolar macrophage Monocyte Macrophage
  • Pulmonary macrophage
  • Dust cell
 20-21 [8]
100x100px Dendritic cell Monocyte Dendritic cell
  • DC
  • Cellula dendritiformis
 10-15 [12][13]
100x100px B cell Lymphocyte B cell
  • B lymphocyte
  • Lymphocytus B
 8-10 [14][4]
100x100px Plasma cell Lymphocyte B cell
  • Plasma B cell
  • Effector B cell
  • Plasmocytus
 8-10 [4][15]
100x100px Memory B cell Lymphocyte B cell
  • MBC
 8-10
  • Memorizes the characteristics of the antigens
  • Triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response
 [4][16]
100x100px Cytotoxic T cell Lymphocyte T cell
  • TC cell
  • Killer T cell
  • T killer cell
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocyte
  • CTL
  • CD8+ cell
  • CD8-positive cell
 8-10 [4][17]
100x100px Helper T cell Lymphocyte T cell
  • T helper cell
  • Th cell
  • CD4+ cell
  • CD4-positive cell
 8-10
  • Aids the activity of other immune cells by releasing cytokines
 [4][18]
100x100px Regulatory T cell Lymphocyte T cell
  • Treg cell
 8-10
  • Suppresses the activity of other immune cells to maintain tolerance
 [4][19]
100x100px Memory T cell Lymphocyte T cell
  • MTC
 8-10
  • Memorizes the characteristics of the antigens
  • Triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response
 [4][20]
114x114px Natural killer T cell Lymphocyte T cell
  • NKT cell
 8-10 [21][22]
100x100px Mucosal-associated invariant T cell Lymphocyte T cell
  • MAIT cell
 8-10 [23][24]
100x100px Gamma delta T cell Lymphocyte T cell
  • γδ T cell
 8-10 [25][26]
100x100px Innate lymphoid cell Lymphocyte Innate lymphoid cell
  • ILC
 ~6 [27][28]
100x100px Natural killer cell Lymphocyte Innate lymphoid cell
  • NK cell
  • Large granular lymphocyte
  • LGL
 6-7 [29][30]

References

  1. ↑ "Leukocyte" (in en). National Cancer Institute. U.S. National Institutes of Health. 2011-02-02. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/leukocyte. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Functional histology. Internet Archive. Churchill Livingstone. 1980. ISBN 978-0-443-01657-8. http://archive.org/details/functionalhistol00whea_0. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Table 22-1, Blood Cells" (in en). Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). Garland Science. 2002. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26884/. Retrieved 2023-08-27. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 "Introduction to T and B lymphocytes" (in en). Autoimmunity: From Bench to Bedside [Internet]. El Rosario University Press. 2013-07-18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26919/table/A4143/. Retrieved 2023-08-27. 
  5. ↑ "Basophil" (in en). Wiktionary, the free dictionary. 2023-08-11. https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=basophil&oldid=75614193. 
  6. ↑ "Heterogeneity of human mast cells". Journal of Immunology 131 (4): 1936–1941. October 1983. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.131.4.1936. PMID 6194221. 
  7. ↑ "Mast Cell: A Multi-Functional Master Cell". Frontiers in Immunology 6: 620. 2016. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00620. PMID 26779180. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "Cell size of alveolar macrophages: an interspecies comparison". Environmental Health Perspectives 105 (Suppl 5): 1261–1263. September 1997. doi:10.2307/3433544. PMID 9400735. 
  9. ↑ "NIX-mediated mitophagy regulate metabolic reprogramming in phagocytic cells during mycobacterial infection". Tuberculosis 126. January 2021. doi:10.1016/j.tube.2020.102046. PMID 33421909. 
  10. ↑ "Histiocytes and histiocytosis". Blood 84 (9): 2840–53. November 1994. doi:10.1182/blood.V84.9.2840.2840. PMID 7524755. 
  11. ↑ "Histology, Kupffer Cell". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493226/. Retrieved 2023-08-25. 
  12. ↑ "Cell diameter and total protein of mature den - Mammals - BNID 113239" (in en). https://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&v=2&id=113239#:~:text=3502%20right%20column%20bottom%20paragraph:%20%22Mature%20dendritic%20cells%20have%20diameters,different%20dendritic%20cell%20subtypes%20(Fig.. 
  13. ↑ "Revisiting hematopoiesis: applications of the bulk and single-cell transcriptomics dissecting transcriptional heterogeneity in hematopoietic stem cells". Briefings in Functional Genomics 21 (3): 159–176. May 2022. doi:10.1093/bfgp/elac002. PMID 35265979. 
  14. ↑ "B Cells and Antibodies" (in en). Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). Garland Science. 2002. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26884/. Retrieved 2023-08-27. 
  15. ↑ "Plasma cell | Description & Antibody Production | Britannica" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/science/plasma-cell. 
  16. ↑ "Human memory B cells". Leukemia 30 (12): 2283–2292. December 2016. doi:10.1038/leu.2016.226. PMID 27499139. 
  17. ↑ "Helper T Cells and Lymphocyte Activation" (in en). Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). Garland Science. 2002. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26827/. Retrieved 2023-08-27. 
  18. ↑ "Chromosome contacts in activated T cells identify autoimmune disease candidate genes". Genome Biology 18 (1). September 2017. doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1285-0. PMID 28870212. 
  19. ↑ Wang, Lingling; Liang, Ying; Zhao, Chunxia; Ma, Peijun; Zeng, Shulin; Ju, Dongen; Zhao, Minggao; Yu, Min et al. (2025-10-14). "Regulatory T cells in homeostasis and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential" (in en). Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 10 (1): 345. doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02326-4. ISSN 2059-3635. PMC 12521743. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-025-02326-4. 
  20. ↑ Chemokines: Critical Regulators of Memory T Cell Development, Maintenance, and Function. Advances in Immunology. 138. 2018. pp. 71–98. doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2018.02.002. ISBN 978-0-12-815188-4. 
  21. ↑ "Natural killer T cells in health and disease". Frontiers in Bioscience 3 (1): 236–251. January 2011. doi:10.2741/S148. PMID 21196373. 
  22. ↑ Heller, Nicola M.; Berga-Bolanos, Rosa; Naler, Lynette; Sen, Jyoti Misra (2018), "Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells in Mice and Men", in Soboloff, Jonathan; Kappes, Dietmar J., Signaling Mechanisms Regulating T Cell Diversity and Function, Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-1-4987-0508-0, PMID 30427640, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532332/, retrieved 2026-06-16 
  23. ↑ Nel, Isabelle; Bertrand, Léo; Toubal, Amine; Lehuen, Agnès (2021-07-01). "MAIT cells, guardians of skin and mucosa?" (in English). Mucosal Immunology 14 (4): 803–814. doi:10.1038/s41385-021-00391-w. ISSN 1933-0219. PMID 33753874. PMC 7983967. https://www.mucosalimmunology.org/article/S1933-0219(22)00180-5/fulltext. 
  24. ↑ Legoux, François; Salou, Marion; Lantz, Olivier (2020-10-13). "MAIT Cell Development and Functions: the Microbial Connection" (in English). Immunity 53 (4): 710–723. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.009. ISSN 1074-7613. PMID 33053329. https://www.cell.com/immunity/abstract/S1074-7613(20)30403-9. 
  25. ↑ Hu, Yi; Hu, Qinglin; Li, Yongsheng; Lu, Ligong; Xiang, Zheng; Yin, Zhinan; Kabelitz, Dieter; Wu, Yangzhe (2023-11-22). "γδ T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy" (in en). Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 8 (1): 434. doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01653-8. ISSN 2059-3635. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-023-01653-8. 
  26. ↑ Heng, Ming K.; Heng, Madalene C. Y. (2013), "Antigen Recognition by γδ T-Cells" (in en), Madame Curie Bioscience Database [Internet] (Landes Bioscience), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6165/, retrieved 2026-06-16 
  27. ↑ "Innate lymphoid cells: emerging insights in development, lineage relationships, and function". Annual Review of Immunology 30 (1): 647–675. 2012-04-23. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075053. PMID 22224763. 
  28. ↑ "Serum free culture for the expansion and study of type 2 innate lymphoid cells". Scientific Reports 11 (1). June 2021. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91500-z. PMID 34112824. Bibcode: 2021NatSR..1112233D. 
  29. ↑ "Analysis of sphingosine kinase activity in single natural killer cells from peripheral blood". Integrative Biology 7 (4): 392–401. April 2015. doi:10.1039/c5ib00007f. PMID 25786072. 
  30. ↑ "Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of natural killer cells". Science 331 (6013): 44–49. January 2011. doi:10.1126/science.1198687. PMID 21212348. Bibcode: 2011Sci...331...44V. 



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