Biology:List of invasive species in Australia
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This is a list of some of the more notable invasive species in Australia .
Species
Plants
- The Australian Weeds Committee maintain a noxious weeds list covering all the states and territories.[1]
- Acacia farnesiana (sweet acacia)[2]
- Ageratina riparia (mistflower)[3]
- Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven)[4]
- Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed)[4]
- Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge)[5]
- Annona glabra (alligator apple)[4]
- Anredera cordifolia (Madeira vine)[4]
- Ardisia elliptica (shoebutton Ardisia)[6]
- Arundo donax (giant cane)[4]
- Asparagus aethiopicus (asparagus fern)[4]
- Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry)[7]
- Brassica tournefortii (African mustard)[8]
- Bromus rubens (foxtail brome)[9]
- Chrysanthemoides monilifera (bitou bush)[4]
- Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel)[4]
- Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine)[10]
- Echium plantagineum (Paterson's curse)[4]
- Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort)[11]
- Lantana camara (lantana)[4]
- Leucanthemum vulgare (ox-eye daisy)[12]
- Opuntia spp. (prickly pear)[4]
- Solanum mauritianum (wild tobacco)[4]
Animals
Crustaceans
- Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle)[13]
- Carcinus maenas (shore crab)[14]
- Cherax destructor (common yabby, invasive in Western Australia)[15]
- Limnoria quadripunctata (gribble)[16]
Insects
- Bemisia tabaci (Silverleaf whitefly)[17]
- Solenopsis invicta (Red imported fire ant)[18]
- Vespula germanica (European wasp)[19]
- Monomorium pharaonis (Pharaoh ant)[20]
- Paratrechina Longicornis (longhorn crazy ant) [21]
- Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant)[22]
- Apis cerana (eastern honey bee)[23]
- Aedes albopictus (tiger mosquito)[24]
- Aethina tumida (small hive beetle)[25]
- Aphis spiraecola (green citrus aphid)[26]
- Bruchophagus roddi (alfalfa seed chalcid)[27]
- Cerataphis lataniae (palm aphid)[28]
- Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)[29]
- Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bug)[30]
- Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid)[31]
- Euwallacea fornicatus (tea shot-hole borer)[32]
- Forficula auricularia (common earwig)[33]
- Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips)[34]
- Hylurgus ligniperda (red-haired pine bark beetle)[35]
- Idioscopus nitidulus (mango leafhopper)[36]
- Linepithema humile (Argentine ant)[37]
- Maconellicoccus hirsutus (hibiscus mealybug)[38]
- Pheidole megacephala (coastal brown ant)[39]
- Phylacteophaga froggatti (leafblister sawfly)[40]
- Pineus pini (pine adelgid)[41]
- Sitobion miscanthi (Indian grain aphid)[42]
- Solenopsis geminata (ginger ant)[43]
- Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)[44]
- Spodoptera litura (Oriental leafworm moth)[45]
- Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant)[46]
- Tremex fuscicornis (tremex wasp)[47]
- Trichomyrmex destructor (destructive trailing ant)[48]
- Vespula vulgaris (common wasp)[49]
- Wasmannia auropunctata (electric ant)[50]
- Xanthogaleruca luteola (elm-leaf beetle)[51]
- Xyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer)[52]
Molluscs
- Cernuella virgata (Common white snail)[53]
- Cochlicella acuta (Pointed snail)[54]
- Cochlicella barbara (Small pointed snail)[55]
- Cornu aspersum (garden snail)[56]
- Deroceras invadens (tramp slug)[57]
- Deroceras laeve (marsh slug)[58]
- Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster)[59]
- Musculista senhousia (Asian mussel)[60]
- Theba pisana (White garden snail)[61][62]
Chordates
Fish (Freshwater)
- Acanthogobius flavimanus (yellowfin goby)[63]
- Astronotus ocellatus (oscar)[64]
- Carassius auratus (Goldfish)[65]
- Cyprinus carpio (Common carp)[66]
- Gambusia holbrooki (Gambusia)[67]
- Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Asian weatherloach)[68]
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout)[69]
- Oreochromis spp. (Tilapia)[70]
- Pelmatolapia mariae (spotted tilapia)
- Perca fluviatilis (European perch, redfin perch)[71]
- Salmo trutta (Brown trout)[72]
- Xiphophorus hellerii (green swordtail)[73]
Reptiles & Amphibians
- Hemidactylus frenatus (House Gecko)[74][75]
- Rhinella marina (Cane toad)[76][77][78]
- Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider)[79][80]
- Lissotriton vulgaris (Smooth newts)[81][82]
Birds
- Acridotheres tristis (Common myna)[83]
- Columba livia (Domestic pigeon)[84]
- Passer domesticus (House sparrow)[85]
- Spilopelia chinensis (Spotted dove)[86]
- Sturnus vulgaris (Common starling)[87]
- Alauda arvensis (Skylark)[86]
- Turdus merula (Eurasian Blackbird)[86]
- Passer montanus (Eurasian Tree Sparrow)[86]
- Carduelis carduelis (European Goldfinch)[86]
- Chloris chloris (European Greenfinch)[86]
- Gallus gallus (Red junglefowl)[88]
- Gallus varius (green junglefowl)
- Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl)[89]
- Anas platyrhynchos (mallard)[86]
- Spilopelia senegalensis (laughing dove)[86]
- Turdus philomelos (song thrush)[86]
Mammals
- Bos javanicus (Domestic Banteng)[90]
- Bubalus bubalis (Water buffalo)[91]
- Camelus dromedarius (Feral camel)[92][93]
- Canis lupus familiaris (Wild dogs)[76][94]
- Capra hircus (Feral goat)[76][95]
- Cervus elaphus (Red deer)[96][97][98]
- Equus asinus (Feral donkey)[99]
- Equus caballus (Feral horse)[87][99][100]
- Felis silvestris catus (Feral cat)[76][101]
- Lepus europaeus (European hare)[102]
- Mus musculus (House mouse)[76][87][103]
- Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus (Common rabbit)[76][104]
- Rattus norvegicus (Brown rat)[105]
- Rattus rattus (Black rat)[106]
- Sus scrofa domestica (Razorback)[87][107]
- Vulpes vulpes (Red fox)[76][108][109]
- Funambulus pennantii (Five-lined palm squirrel)[110]
- Axis axis (Chital deer)[111][98]
- Axis porcinus (Hog deer)[112][98]
- Cervus timorensis (Rusa deer)[113][98]
- Dama dama (Fallow deer)[114][98]
- Cervus unicolor (Sambar Deer)[98][115]
Echinoderms
- Asterias amurensis (Northern Pacific seastar)[116]
Fungi and pathogens
- Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Frog chytrid fungus)[117]
References
- ↑ "Noxious Weed List for Australian States and Territories". Australian Weeds Committee. June 2012. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070830083549/http://www.weeds.org.au/docs/weednet6.pdf. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
- ↑ Acacia farnesiana . Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Parsons, W.T.; Cuthbertson, E.G. (2001) (in en). Noxious Weeds of Australia (2nd ed.). Collingwood: CSIRO. pp. 243–245. ISBN 0643065148. https://books.google.com/books?id=sRCrNAQQrpwC.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 Noxious weed list for Australian states and territories . Australian Weeds Committee, September 2005. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
- ↑ Andropogon virginicus alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Ardisia elliptica alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Berberis thunbergii alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Brassica tournefortii alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Bromus rubens alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ "Rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) in Queensland". June 1996. http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/documents/Biosecurity_EnvironmentalPests/IPA-RubberVine-PSA.pdf.
- ↑ Invasive Plants. Sustainable Gardening Australia. Retrieved on 2009-05-20.
- ↑ "Ox-eye daisy" (in en). 29 June 2018. http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/pest-animals-and-weeds/weeds/widespread-weeds/ox-eye-daisy.
- ↑ Shalaeva, Ekaterina (2022-01-07) (in en). Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.91903. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.91903.
- ↑ Delaney, David (2022-01-07) (in en). Carcinus maenas (European shore crab) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.90475. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.90475.
- ↑ Beatty, Stephen John; Morgan, David Lloyd; Gill, Howard (October 2005). "Role of Life History Strategy in the Colonisation of Western Australian Aquatic Systems by the Introduced Crayfish Cherax destructor Clark, 1936". Hydrobiologia 549 (1): 219-237. doi:10.1007/s10750-005-5443-0. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226957967_Role_of_Life_History_Strategy_in_the_Colonisation_of_Western_Australian_Aquatic_Systems_by_the_Introduced_Crayfish_Cherax_destructor_Clark_1936.
- ↑ "Limnoria quadripunctata (gribble)" (in en). Centre of Agriculture and Biosciences International. http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/109147. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ↑ Cotton whitefly distribution . Pests and Diseases Image Library. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Solenopsis invicta alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Kasper, Marta L. (2004). The population ecology of an invasive social insect, Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera : Vespidae) in South Australia / Marta L Kasper (Thesis).
- ↑ Anderson, Alan; M. Blum; T. Jones (16 June 1991). "Venom Alkaloids in Monomorium "rothsteini" Forel Repel Other Ants: Is This the Secret to Success by Monomorium in Australian Ant Communities?". Oecologia 88 (2): 157–160. doi:10.1007/bf00320805. PMID 28312126. Bibcode: 1991Oecol..88..157A.
- ↑ (in en) Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) (Report). 2022-01-07. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.44709. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.44709.
- ↑ Gunawardana, Disna (2022-01-07) (in en). Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.5575. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.5575.
- ↑ "Asian honey bee" (in en-AU). Queensland Government. 21 June 2023. https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/biosecurity/animals/invasive/restricted/asian-honey-bees.
- ↑ "Dengue: virus, fever and mosquitoes" (in en-AU). 19 July 2021. https://www.health.qld.gov.au/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/diseases-infection/diseases/mosquito-borne/dengue/virus-fever.
- ↑ Beverley, Claire (2022-01-07) (in en). Aethina tumida (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.3459. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.3459.
- ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.6221. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.6221.
- ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). Bruchophagus roddi (alfalfa seed chalcid) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.10083. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.10083.
- ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). Cerataphis lataniae (palm aphid) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.16743. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.16743.
- ↑ "Fruit fly" (in en). 30 May 2018. https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/fruit/mediterranean-fruit-fly?nopaging=1.
- ↑ Dominiak, B; Gillespie, P (2022-01-07) (in en). Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bug) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.16264. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.16264.
- ↑ Nematollahi, M. R (2022-01-07) (in en). Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.9887. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.9887.
- ↑ Gomez, Demian F.; Johnson, Andrew J. (2022-01-07) (in en). Euwallacea perbrevis (tea shot-hole borer) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.57163. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.57163.
- ↑ Maczey, N (2022-01-07) (in en). Forficula auricularia (European earwig) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.24345. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.24345.
- ↑ Reitz, S (2022-01-07) (in en). Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.24426. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.24426.
- ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). Hylurgus ligniperda (red-haired pine bark beetle) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.27364. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.27364.
- ↑ Ganeswaran, R (2022-01-07) (in en). Idioscopus nitidulus (mango leafhopper) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.28472. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.28472.
- ↑ Gómez, C; Abril, S (2022-01-07) (in en). Linepithema humile (Argentine ant) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.30839. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.30839.
- ↑ Watson, Gillian W (2022-01-07) (in en). Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.40171. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.40171.
- ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.40133. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.40133.
- ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). Phylacteophaga froggatti (leafblister sawfly) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.40283. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.40283.
- ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). Pineus pini (pine woolly aphid) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.41326. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.41326.
- ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). Sitobion miscanthi (indian grain aphid) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.51740. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.51740.
- ↑ Chin, Deanna (7 August 2008). "Ants in the Household and Garden". https://dpir.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/228121/ent220ants20in20the20household20and20garden20factsheet.pdf.
- ↑ Fitzgerald, Daniel; Fowler, Courtney; Stanley, Michelle (2020-04-01). "Fall armyworm outbreak in NT and WA a sign invasive pest is spreading rapidly" (in en-AU). ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2020-04-01/fall-armyworm-outbreak-in-multiple-northern-territory-regions/12110308.
- ↑ Maes, K (2022-01-07) (in en). Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.44520. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.44520.
- ↑ Lester, P (2022-01-07) (in en). Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.54310. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.54310.
- ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). Tremex fuscicornis (Tremex wasp) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.54516. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.54516.
- ↑ Hoffmann, Ben (2022-01-07) (in en). Monomorium destructor (Singapore ant) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.34581. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.34581.
- ↑ Beggs, Jacqueline (2022-01-07) (in en). Vespula vulgaris (wasp, common) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.56675. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.56675.
- ↑ "Electric ant" (in en-AU). 2016-04-18. https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/biosecurity/animals/invasive/restricted/electric-ant.
- ↑ (in en) Pyrrhalta luteola (elm leaf beetle) (Report). 2022-01-07. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.44619. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.44619.
- ↑ CABI (2022-01-07) (in en). Xyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.57038. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.57038.
- ↑ "Common white snail or Mediterranean white snail". 30 January 2008. http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Attachments/LBUN-74L3NM/%24FILE/white%20snails%20C%20virgata%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf.
- ↑ Baker, G. H. (2008-11-06). "The population dynamics of the mediterranean snails Cernuella virgata, Cochlicella acuta (Hygromiidae) and Theba pisana (Helicidae) in pasture–cereal rotations in South Australia: a 20-year study" (in en). Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48 (12): 1514–1522. doi:10.1071/EA08031. ISSN 1446-5574. https://www.publish.csiro.au/ea/EA08031.
- ↑ Helicidae and Hygromiidae as Pests in Cereal Crops and Pastures in Southern Australia. In Baker, G.M. Molluscs as Crop Pests CABI, 2002.. p.193.
- ↑ Cowie, R (2022-01-07) (in en). Cornu aspersum (common garden snail) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.26821. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.26821.
- ↑ Anderson, Roy (2022-01-07) (in en). Deroceras invadens (tramp slug) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.121099. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.121099.
- ↑ Anderson, Roy (2022-01-07) (in en). Deroceras laeve (meadow slug) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.85751. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.85751.
- ↑ Bonham, Vicki; Goulletquer, Philippe (2022-01-07) (in en). Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.87296. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.87296.
- ↑ Musculista senhousia species summary. National Introduced Marine Pest Information System. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ "Home | Phytosanitary Alert System". http://www.pestalert.org/viewArchPestAlert.cfm?rid=52.
- ↑ Cowie, Rob (2022-01-07) (in en). Theba pisana (white garden snail) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.62094. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.62094.
- ↑ Siriwardena, Sunil (2022-01-07) (in en). Acanthogobius flavimanus (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.95431. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.95431.
- ↑ Maddern, Mark (2022-01-07) (in en). Astronotus ocellatus (oscar) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.92671. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.92671.
- ↑ Carassius auratus alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Common carp. Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre of Australia. Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
- ↑ Noxious fish species in Queensland. Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries. Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
- ↑ Oriental weatherloach. Waterwatch Victoria. Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
- ↑ Oncorhynchus mykiss alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Economic and environmental impacts caused by tilapia. Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre of Australia. Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
- ↑ Perca fluviatilis alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Salmo trutta alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Maddern, Mark (2022-01-07) (in en). Xiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish) (Report). doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.59752. http://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.59752.
- ↑ Fisheries, Agriculture and (2016-04-18). "Asian house gecko" (in en-AU). https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/land-management/health-pests-weeds-diseases/pests/invasive-animals/other/asian-house-gecko.
- ↑ "Asian House Gecko". https://www.qm.qld.gov.au/Find+out+about/Animals+of+Queensland/Reptiles/Geckos/Asian+House+Gecko#.XdvHv7d_UTQ.
- ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 76.4 76.5 76.6 Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre of Australia . Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
- ↑ The feral cane toad. Invasive Species Fact Sheet. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
- ↑ "Cane toad". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/cane-toad/.
- ↑ "Red-eared Slider Turtles in Australia and New Zealand". 2010-11-16. https://www.pestsmart.org.au/red-eared-slider-turtles-in-australia-and-new-zealand/.
- ↑ Fisheries, Agriculture and (2016-04-18). "Red-eared slider turtle" (in en-AU). https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/land-management/health-pests-weeds-diseases/pests/invasive-animals/restricted/slider-turtle.
- ↑ Tingley, Reid; Weeks, Andrew R.; Smart, Adam S.; van Rooyen, Anthony R.; Woolnough, Andrew P.; McCarthy, Michael A. (2015-01-01). "European newts establish in Australia, marking the arrival of a new amphibian order" (in en). Biological Invasions 17 (1): 31–37. doi:10.1007/s10530-014-0716-z. ISSN 1573-1464.
- ↑ Department of Economic Development, Jobs. "Smooth newt" (in en-AU). http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseases-and-weeds/pest-animals/a-z-of-pest-animals/smooth-newt.
- ↑ Acridotheres tristis alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Columba livia alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Passer domesticus alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 86.3 86.4 86.5 86.6 86.7 86.8 West, Peter (October 2011). "National mapping of the abundance of established, new and emerging pest animals to improve decision-making and the assessment of government investment programs STAGE 2: INTRODUCED PEST BIRDS". NSW Department of Primary Industries. http://www.pestsmart.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/PWest2011_Mapping_PEST_BIRDS.pdf.
- ↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 87.3 Feral.org.au . Pest Animal Control CRC (Australia). Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
- ↑ "Gallus gallus". https://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1661#.
- ↑ Cunningham, Calum X.; Prowse, Thomas A. A.; Masters, Pip; Cassey, Phillip (2016-07-21). "Home range, habitat suitability and population modelling of feral Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) on Kangaroo Island, South Australia" (in en). Australian Journal of Zoology 64 (2): 107–116. doi:10.1071/ZO15045. ISSN 1446-5698. https://www.publish.csiro.au/zo/ZO15045.
- ↑ Government, Northern Territory (2015-08-18). "Banteng" (in en). https://nt.gov.au/environment/animals/feral-animals/banteng.
- ↑ The feral water buffalo. Invasive Species Fact Sheet. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
- ↑ The feral camel. Invasive Species Fact Sheet. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
- ↑ "Feral Camel". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/camel/.
- ↑ "Wild dog". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/wild-dog/.
- ↑ "Feral goat". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/feral-goat/.
- ↑ "Cervus elaphus (red deer)" (in en). http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/89943.
- ↑ "Red deer in Australia". https://feralscan.org.au/deerscan/pagecontent.aspx?page=reddeer.
- ↑ 98.0 98.1 98.2 98.3 98.4 98.5 "Wild deer". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/deer/.
- ↑ 99.0 99.1 Feral horse and feral donkey. Invasive Species Fact Sheet. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
- ↑ "Feral horse". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/horse/.
- ↑ "Feral cat". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/feral-cat/.
- ↑ "Lepus europaeus (European hare)" (in en). http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/77227.
- ↑ "House mouse". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/mouse/.
- ↑ "European rabbit". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/european-rabbit/.
- ↑ Rattus norvegicus alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Rattus rattus alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ "Feral pig". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/feral-pig/.
- ↑ European red fox. Invasive Species Fact Sheet. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
- ↑ "European fox". https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/european-fox/.
- ↑ "Northern palm squirrel" (in en). https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/pest-mammals/northern-palm-squirrel.
- ↑ "Chital deer in Australia". https://feralscan.org.au/deerscan/pagecontent.aspx?page=deer_chitaldeer.
- ↑ "Hog deer in Australia". https://feralscan.org.au/deerscan/pagecontent.aspx?page=deer_hogdeer.
- ↑ "Rusa deer in Australia". https://feralscan.org.au/deerscan/pagecontent.aspx?page=rusadeer.
- ↑ "Fallow deer in Australia". https://feralscan.org.au/deerscan/pagecontent.aspx?page=deer_fallow.
- ↑ "Sambar deer in Australia". https://feralscan.org.au/deerscan/pagecontent.aspx?page=sambardeer.
- ↑ Asterias amurensis alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
- ↑ Amphibian Chytrid Fungus Disease. Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2004. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
External links
- "Noxious Weed List for Australian States and Territoriespublisher=Australian Weeds Committee". Archived from the original on 2007-08-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20070830083549/http://www.weeds.org.au/docs/weednet6.pdf.
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