Biology:List of maize diseases
Bacterial diseases
| Bacterial diseases | |
|---|---|
| Bacterial leaf blight and stalk rot |
Pseudomonas avenae subsp. avenae |
| Bacterial leaf spot |
Xanthomonas campestris pv. holcicola |
| Bacterial stalk rot | Enterobacter dissolvens = Erwinia dissolvens |
| Bacterial stalk and top rot |
Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora |
| Bacterial stripe |
Pseudomonas andropogonis |
| Chocolate spot |
Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens |
| Goss's bacterial wilt and blight (leaf freckles and wilt)[1] |
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis[2] = Corynebacterium michiganense pv. nebraskense |
| Holcus spot |
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall |
| Purple leaf sheath |
Hemiparasitic bacteria |
| Seed rot-seedling blight | |
| Stewart's disease (bacterial wilt) |
Erwinia stewartii |
| Corn stunt (achapparramiento, maize stunt, Mesa Central or Rio Grande maize stunt) |
Spiroplasma kunkelii |
Fungal diseases
| Fungal diseases | |
|---|---|
| Anthracnose leaf blight |
Colletotrichum graminicola Glomerella graminicola [teleomorph] |
| Aspergillus ear and kernel rot | Aspergillus flavus |
| Banded leaf and sheath spot | Rhizoctonia solani = Rhizoctonia microsclerotia Thanatephorus cucumeris [teleomorph] |
| Black bundle disease | Acremonium strictum = Cephalosporium acremonium |
| Black kernel rot | Lasiodiplodia theobromae = Botryodiplodia theobromae |
| Borde blanco | Marasmiellus sp. |
| Brown spot Black spot |
Physoderma maydis |
| Cephalosporium kernel rot | Acremonium strictum = Cephalosporium acremonium |
| Charcoal rot | Macrophomina phaseolina |
| Corticium ear rot | Thanatephorus cucumeris = Corticium sasakii |
| Curvularia leaf spot | Curvularia clavata Curvularia eragrostidis = Curvularia maculans |
| Didymella leaf spot | Didymella exitalis |
| Diplodia ear rot and stalk rot | Diplodia frumenti Botryosphaeria festucae [teleomorph] |
| Diplodia ear rot Stalk rot |
Diplodia maydis |
| Diplodia leaf spot or leaf streak | Stenocarpella macrospora = Diplodia macrospora |
| Downy mildews | |
| Brown stripe downy mildew | Sclerophthora rayssiae |
| Crazy top downy mildew | Sclerophthora macrospora = Sclerospora macrospora |
| Green ear downy mildew Graminicola downy mildew |
Sclerospora graminicola |
| Java downy mildew | Peronosclerospora maydis = Sclerospora maydis |
| Philippine downy mildew | Peronosclerospora philippinensis = Sclerospora philippinensis |
| Sorghum downy mildew | Peronosclerospora sorghi = Sclerospora sorghi |
| Spontaneum downy mildew | Peronosclerospora spontanea = Sclerospora spontanea |
| Sugarcane downy mildew | Peronosclerospora sacchari = Sclerospora sacchari |
| ... | |
| Dry ear rot Cob, kernel and stalk rot |
Nigrospora oryzae Khuskia oryzae [teleomorph] |
| Ear rots, minor | Alternaria alternata = Alternaria tenuis Aspergillus glaucus |
| Ergot Horse's tooth |
Claviceps gigantea Sphacelia sp. [anamorph] |
| Eyespot | Aureobasidium zeae = Kabatiella zeae |
| Fusarium ear and stalk rot | Fusarium subglutinans = Fusarium moniliforme |
| Fusarium kernel, root and stalk rot, seed rot and seedling blight | Fusarium moniliforme
Gibberella fujikuroi [teleomorph] |
| Fusarium stalk rot Seedling root rot |
Fusarium avenaceum Gibberella avenacea [teleomorph] |
| Gibberella ear and stalk rot | Gibberella zeae Fusarium graminearum [anamorph] |
| Gray ear rot | Botryosphaeria zeae = Physalospora zeae Macrophoma zeae [anamorph] |
| Corn grey leaf spot Gray leaf spot |
Cercospora sorghi = Cercospora sorghi[clarification needed] Cercospora zeae-maydis[5][6][7] |
| Helminthosporium root rot | Exserohilum pedicellatum = Helminthosporium pedicellatum Setosphaeria pedicellata [teleomorph] |
| Hormodendrum ear rot Cladosporium ear rot |
Cladosporium cladosporioides = Hormodendrum cladosporioides Cladosporium herbarum |
| Hyalothyridium leaf spot | Hyalothyridium maydis |
| Late wilt | Cephalosporium maydis |
| Leaf spots, minor | Alternaria alternata Ascochyta maydis |
| Northern corn leaf blight White blast |
Setosphaeria turcica Exserohilum turcicum [anamorph] = Helminthosporium turcicum |
| Northern corn leaf spot Helminthosporium ear rot (race 1) |
Cochliobolus carbonum Bipolaris zeicola [anamorph] = Helminthosporium carbonum |
| Penicillium ear rot Blue eye |
Penicillium spp. Penicillium chrysogenum |
| Phaeocytostroma stalk rot and root rot | Phaeocytostroma ambiguum = Phaeocytosporella zeae |
| Phaeosphaeria leaf spot | Phaeosphaeria maydis = Sphaerulina maydis |
| Physalospora ear rot Botryosphaeria ear rot |
Botryosphaeria festucae = Physalospora zeicola Diplodia frumenti [anamorph] |
| Purple leaf sheath | Hemiparasitic bacteria and fungi |
| Pyrenochaeta stalk rot and root rot | Phoma terrestris = Pyrenochaeta terrestris |
| Pythium root rot | Pythium spp. |
| Pythium stalk rot | Pythium aphanidermatum = Pythium butleri |
| Red kernel disease Ear mold, leaf and seed rot |
Epicoccum nigrum |
| Rhizoctonia ear rot Sclerotial rot |
Waitea zeae |
| Rhizoctonia root rot and stalk rot | Rhizoctonia solani |
| Root rots, minor | Alternaria alternata Cercospora sorghi |
| Rostratum leaf spot Helminthosporium leaf disease, ear and stalk rot |
Setosphaeria rostrata = Helminthosporium rostratum |
| Rust, common corn | Puccinia sorghi |
| Rust, southern corn | Puccinia polysora |
| Rust, tropical corn | Physopella pallescens Physopella zeae = Angiopsora zeae |
| Sclerotium ear rot
Southern blight |
Athelia rolfsii |
| Seed rot-seedling blight | Athelia rolfsii Bipolaris sorokiniana |
| Selenophoma leaf spot | Selenophoma sp. |
| Sheath rot | Gaeumannomyces graminis |
| Shuck rot | Myrothecium gramineum |
| Silage mold | Monascus purpureus Monascus ruber |
| Smut, common | Ustilago zeae = Ustilago maydis |
| Smut, false | Ustilaginoidea virens |
| Smut, head | Sphacelotheca reiliana = Sporisorium holci-sorghi |
| Southern corn leaf blight and stalk rot | Cochliobolus heterostrophus Bipolaris maydis [anamorph] = Helminthosporium maydis |
| Southern leaf spot | Stenocarpella macrospora = Diplodia macrospora |
| Stalk rots, minor | Cercospora sorghi Fusarium episphaeria |
| Storage rots | Aspergillus spp. Penicillium spp. and other fungi |
| Tar spot | Phyllachora maydis Monographella maydis Coniothyrium phyllachorae[8][9] |
| Trichoderma ear rot and root rot | Trichoderma viride = Trichoderma lignorum Hypocrea sp. [teleomorph] |
| White ear rot, root and stalk rot | Stenocarpella maydis = Diplodia zeae |
| Yellow leaf blight | Ascochyta ischaemi Phyllosticta maydis |
| Zonate leaf spot | Gloeocercospora sorghi |
Nematodes, Parasitic
| Nematodes, Parasitic | |
|---|---|
| Awl | Dolichodorus spp. D. heterocephalus |
| Bulb and stem | Ditylenchus dipsaci |
| Burrowing | Radopholus similis |
| Cyst | Heterodera avenae H. zeae |
| Dagger | Xiphinema spp. X. americanum X. mediterraneum |
| False root-knot | Nacobbus dorsalis |
| Lance, Columbia | Hoplolaimus columbus |
| Lance | Hoplolaimus spp. H. galeatus |
| Lesion | Pratylenchus spp. P. brachyurus |
| Needle | Longidorus spp. L. breviannulatus |
| Ring | Criconemella spp. C. ornata |
| Root-knot | Meloidogyne spp. M. chitwoodi |
| Spiral | Helicotylenchus spp. |
| Sting | Belonolaimus spp. |
| Stubby-root | Paratrichodorus spp. P. christiei |
| Stunt | Tylenchorhynchus dubius |
Virus and virus-like diseases
| Virus and virus-like diseases | |
|---|---|
| American wheat striate (wheat striate mosaic) | American wheat striate mosaic virus mosaic (AWSMV) |
| Barley stripe mosaic | Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) |
| Barley yellow dwarf | Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) |
| Brome mosaic | Brome mosaic virus (BMV) |
| Cereal chlorotic mottle | Cereal chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) |
| Corn lethal necrosis (maize lethal necrosis disease) | Virus complex (Maize chlorotic mottle virus [MCMV] and Maize dwarf mosaic virus [MDMV] A or B or Wheat streak mosaic virus [WSMV]) |
| Cucumber mosaic | Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) |
| Johnsongrass mosaic | Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV) |
| Maize bushy stunt | Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO), assoc. |
| Maize chlorotic dwarf | Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) |
| Maize chlorotic mottle | Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) |
| Maize dwarf mosaic | Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) strains A, D, E and F |
| Maize leaf fleck | Maize leaf fleck virus (MLFV) |
| Maize line* | Maize line virus (MLV) |
| Maize mosaic (corn leaf stripe, enanismo rayado) | Maize mosaic virus (MMV) |
| Maize pellucid ringspot | Maize pellucid ringspot virus (MPRV) |
| Maize rayado fino (fine striping disease) | Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) |
| Maize red leaf and red stripe | Mollicute? |
| Maize red stripe (now known as Wheat mosaic virus | Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV) |
| Maize ring mottle | Maize ring mottle virus (MRMV) |
| Maize rough dwarf (nanismo ruvido) | Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) |
| Maize sterile stunt | Maize sterile stunt virus (strains of barley yellow striate virus) |
| Maize streak | Maize streak virus (MSV) |
| Maize stripe (maize chlorotic stripe, maize hoja blanca) | Maize stripe virus |
| Maize tassel abortion | Maize tassel abortion virus (MTAV) |
| Maize vein enation | Maize vein enation virus (MVEV) |
| Maize wallaby ear | Maize wallaby ear virus (MWEV) |
| Maize white leaf | Maize white leaf virus |
| Maize white line mosaic | Maize white line mosaic virus (MWLMV) |
| Millet red leaf | Millet red leaf virus (MRLV) |
| Northern cereal mosaic | Northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV) |
| Oat pseudorosette (zakuklivanie) | Oat pseudorosette virus |
| Oat sterile dwarf | Oat sterile dwarf virus (OSDV) |
| Rice black-streaked dwarf | Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) |
| Rice stripe | Rice stripe virus (RSV) |
| Sorghum mosaic | Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), formerly sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strains H, I and M |
| Sugarcane Fiji disease | Sugarcane Fiji disease virus (FDV) |
| Sugarcane mosaic | Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strains A, B, D, E, SC, BC, Sabi and MB (formerly MDMV-B) |
| Wheat mosaic | Wheat mosaic virus (disambiguation) (WMoV) |
References
- ↑ "Goss's Wilt of Corn". http://cropprotectionnetwork.org/resources/articles/diseases/gosss-wilt-of-corn.
- ↑ Eichenlaub, Rudolf; Gartemann, Karl-Heinz (2011-09-08). "The Clavibacter michiganensis Subspecies: Molecular Investigation of Gram-Positive Bacterial Plant Pathogens". Annual Review of Phytopathology (Annual Reviews) 49 (1): 445–464. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-072910-095258. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 21438679.
- ↑ "Top dieback in corn: Is anthracnose the cause?". 2007-09-10. http://crops.extension.iastate.edu/encyclopedia/top-dieback-corn-anthracnose-cause.
- ↑ "Stalk Rot Diseases Including Anthracnose Top Dieback Developing in Some Fields". 2016-09-09. http://cropwatch.unl.edu/2016/stalk-rot-diseases-including-anthracnose-top-dieback-developing-some-fields.
- ↑ Crous, Pedro W.; Groenewald, Johannes Z.; Groenewald, Marizeth; Caldwell, Pat; Braun, Uwe; Harrington, Thomas C. (1 May 2006). "Species of Cercospora associated with grey leaf spot of maize". Studies in Mycology (Westerdijk Institute (Elsevier)) 55: 189–197. doi:10.3114/sim.55.1.189. PMID 18490979.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Cairns, J.E.; Sonder, K.; Zaidi, P.H.; Verhulst, N.; Mahuku, G.; Babu, R.; Nair, S.K.; Das, B. et al. (2012). "1 Maize Production in a Changing Climate: Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation Strategies". Advances in Agronomy. 114. Elsevier. pp. 1–58. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394275-3.00006-7. ISBN 9780123942753. http://oceanrep.geomar.de/29964/1/Cairns%20et%20al.pdf.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Tripathi, Ashutosh; Tripathi, Durgesh Kumar; Chauhan, D.K.; Kumar, Niraj; Singh, G.S. (2016). "Paradigms of climate change impacts on some major food sources of the world: A review on current knowledge and future prospects". Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment (Elsevier) 216: 356–373. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2015.09.034. ISSN 0167-8809.
- ↑ Hock, J; Kranz, J (1995). "Studies on the epidemiology of the tar spot disease complex of maize in Mexico". Plant Pathology (British Society for Plant Pathology) 44 (3): 490–502. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb01671.x.
- ↑ Chalkley, D. "Invasive fungi. Tar spot of corn - Phyllachora maydis". Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/taxadescriptions/factsheets/pdfPrintFile.cfm?thisApp=Phyllachoramaydis.
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