Biology:List of prehistoric echinoid genera

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Echinolampas

This list of prehistoric echinoids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be echinoids, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered echinoids.

Naming conventions and terminology

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:

  • Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
  • Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
  • Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
  • Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
  • Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

The list

Genus Authors Year Status Age Location Notes

Abatus

Abertella

Acanthechinus

Acriaster

Acrocidaris

Acrolusia

Acropeltis

Acrosalenia

Acrosaster

Actinophyma

Adytaster

Aeolopneustes

Agassizia

Aguayoaster

Albertechinus

Allocentrotus

Allomma

Allotoxaster

Alpicidaris

Ambipleurus

Amblypgus

Amblypneustes

Ammotrophus

Amoraster

Amphiope

Anaulocidaris

Ancylocidaris

Anisaser

Anisocidaris

Anorthopygus

Antillaster

Apatopygus

Aphelaster

Apoxypetalum

Aprilechinus

Arachniopleurus

Arachnoides

Araeosoma

Arbacia

Arbacina

Arbia

Archaechinus

Archaeocidaris

Archiacia

Arnaudaster

Asaphechinus

Asterocidaris

Asterostoma

Asthenosoma

Astriclypeus

Astrodapsis

Astrolampus

Astropygaulus

Atactus

Atelospatangus

Atlasaster

Atopechinus

Aulechinus

Aurelianaster

Australanthus

Austrocidaris

Balanocidaris

Barnumia

Basseaster

Baueria

Besairecidaris

Boletechinus

Bothriocidaris

Bothryopneutes

Bramus

Breynia

Brightonia

Brisaster

Brissolampas

Brissomorpha

Brissopatagus

Brissopneustes

Brissopsis

Brissus

Brochechinus

Brochopleurus

Caenholectypus

Caenocidaris

Cagaster

Calilampus

Calocidaris

Camerogalerus

Cardabia

Cardiaster

Cardiolampas

Cardiopelta

Cardiotaxis

Caribbaster

Cassidulus

Catopygus

Cavanechinus

Centropygus

Centrostephanus

Cestobrissus

Chelonechinus

Cheopsia

Chondrocidaris

Chuniola

Cibaster

Cidaris

Cidaropsis

Cionobrissus

Circopeltis

Claviaster

Cleistechinus

Cluniaster

Clypeanthus

Clypeaster

Clypeolampas

Clypeopygus

Clypeus

Codechinus

Codiopsis

Coelopleurus

Colliclypeus

Collyrites

Collyropsis

Colpotiara

Conoclypus

Conulus

Coptodiscus

Coraster

Corechinus

Corthya

Coryslus

Cottaldia

Cotteaudia

Cottreaucorys

Cravenechinus

Crinocidaris

Crucibrissus

Cryptechinus

Cubanaster

Cyamidia

Cyathocidaris

Cyclaster

Cyclolampas

Daradaster

Delocidaris

Dendraster

Deneechinus

Desmechinus

Desorella

Devonocidaris

Diadema

Diademopsis

Dialyaster

Dictyopleurus

Dicyclocidaris

Diplechinus

Diplocidaris

Diplodetus

Diplopodia

Diploporaster

Diplosalenia

Diplotagma

Disaster

Discholectypus

Discoides

Distefanaster

Ditremaster

Dixieus

Dixonia

Domechinus

Dorocidaris

Douvillaster

Dubarechinus

Dumblea

Duncaniaster

Duperieria

Durhamella

Echinanthus

Echinarachnius

Echinocardium

Echinocorys

Echinocyamus

Echinocyphus

Echinocyphus

Echinocystites

Echinodiscus

Echinogalerus

Echinolampas

Echinometra

Echinoneus

Echinopedina

Echinopsis

Echinostrephus

Echinothuria

Echinotiara

Echinus

Ectinechinus

Ellipsechinus

Enallopneustes

Encope

Endeodiadema

Engelia

Enichaster

Entomaster

Eodiadema

Eogaleropygus

Eosalenia

Eoscutella

Eoscutum

Eothuria

Epiaster

Erbechinus

Eucidaris

Eupatagus

Eurhodia

Eurypetalum

Eurypneustes

Eurysalenia

Evechinus

Faorina

Farquharsonia

Faujasia

Fauraster

Fellaster

Fellius

Fernandezaster

Fibularia

Fibulaster

Fibulina

Firmacidaris

Fossulaster

Fournierechinus

Fourtaunia

Gagaria

Galeaster

Galeola

Galeraster

Galerites

Galeroclypeus

Galeropygus

Ganbirretia

Garumnaster

Gauthieria

Gauthiosoma

Gentilia

Gibbaster

Gillechinus

Giraliaster

Gitolampas

Globator

Glyphocyphus

Glyphopneustes

Glypotocidaris

Glyptechinus

Glypticus

Glyptocyphus

Gomphechinus

Gongrochanus

Goniocidaris

Goniophorus

Goniopygus

Goniosigma

Gonzalezaster

Gotlandechinus

Gracilechinus

Grammechinus

Granobrissoides

Graphepleurus

Grasia

Gualtieria

Guettaria

Gymnocidaris

Gymnodiadema

Habanaster

Hagenowia

Haimea

Hardouinia

Hattopsis

Heliocidaris

Heliophora

Helodiadema

Hemiaster

Hemicara

Hemicidaris

Hemidiadema

Hemifaorina

Hemigymnia

Hemipedina

Hemipneustes

Hemithylus

Hemitiaris

Hernandezaster

Herreraster

Hesperaster

Hessotiara

Heteraster

Heterobrissus

Heterocentrotus

Heterocidaris

Heterodiadema

Heterolampas

Heteropedina

Heterosalenia

Hikelaster

Hirudocidaris

Histocidaris

Holaster

Holcopneustes

Holectypus

Homoeaster

Homoeopetalus

Hupea

Huttonechinus

Hyattechinus

Hyboclypus

Hypechinus

Hypodiadema

Hypopygurus

Hyposalenia

Hypsopatagus

Hypsopygaster

Hysteraster

Idiocidaris

Iheringiella

Ilarionia

Infraclypeus

Infulaster

Iraniaster

Irenechinus

Isaster

Isechinus

Ismidaster

Isomicraster

Isopetalum

Isopneustes

Jacksonaster

Jacquiertia

Jeannetia

Jeronia

Karlaster

Kephrenia

Kertaster

Kewia

Kierechinus

Kina

Kongielechinus

Koninckocidaris

Labrotaxis

Laevipatagus

Laganum

Lajanaster

Lambertechinus

Lambertiaster

Lambertona

Lampadaster

Lampadocorys

Lanieria

Lanternarius

Laticlypus

Ledidocidaris

Lefortia

Leiocyphus

Leioechinus

Leiopedina

Leiostomaster

Lenicyamidia

Leniechinus

Lenita

Lenticidaris

Leodia

Lepidechinoides

Lepidechinus

Lepidesthes

Lepidocentrus

Leptechinus

Leptocidaris

Leptopleurus

Leptosalenia

Leurocidaris

Levicidaris

Leviechinus

Linthia

Loriolella

Loriolia

Loriolipedina

Lovenechinus

Lovenia

Lovenilampas

Lutetiaster

Lytechinus

Maccoya

Macraster

Macrodiadema

Macropneustes

Magnosia

Maretia

Mariania

Martinechinus

Mattsechinus

Mauritanaster

Mazzettia

Medocechinus

Meekechinus

Megacidaris

Megapetalus

Megapneustes

Megaporocidaris

Mellita

Mellitella

Melonechinus

Menocidaris

Menopygus

Menuthiaster

Meoma

Mepygurus

Merocidaris

Merriamaster

Mesodiadema

Mesodiadema

Messaoudia

Metalia

Metaporinus

Metholectypus

Micraster

Microcyphus

Microdiadema

Microlampas

Micropedina

Micropsis

Migliorinia

Mikrocidarió

Minicidaris

Miocidaris

Mirechinus

Moira

Moiropsis

Mokotibaster

Monodiadema

Monophoraster

Monostychia

Moronaster

Mortensenaster

Mortonella

Mundaster

Murravechinus

Myriastiches

Narindechinus

Neobothriocidaris

Neocatopygus

Neoglobator

Neolaganum

Neoproraster

Neorumphia

Nipponaster

Nipponaster

Noetlingaster

Nordenskjoeldaster

Nortonechinus

Notocidaris

Notolampas

Nucleolites

Nucleopygus

Nudechinus

Nudobrissus

Ochetes

Oedematocidaris

Offaster

Oligophyma

Oligoporus

Oligopygus

Oolopygus

Opechinus

Opisopneustes

Opissaster

Orbignyana

Ornithaster

Orthaster

Orthocidaris

Orthopsis

Oustechnius

Oviclypeus

Ovulaster

Ovulechinus

Pachycidaris

Palaechinus

Palaeodiadema

Palaeodiscus

Palaeopedina

Palaeostoma

Paleopneustes

Palhemiaster

Palmeraster

Palmerius

Parabrissus

Paracidaris

Paradoxechinus

Paraheteraster

Parapygus

Parasalenia

Parascutella

Paraster

Parhabdocidaris

Parmulechinus

Paronaster

Parvicidaris

Paurocidaris

Pedina

Pedinopsis

Pedinothuria

Pelanechinus

Pelanodiadema

Pentechinus

Pentedium

Peraspatangus

Periarchus

Periaster

Peribrissus

Pericosmus

Perischocidaris

Perischodomus

Peronella

Peronellites

Petalobrissus

Phalacrocidaris

Phalacropedina

Pharaonaster

Pholidechinus

Pholidocidaris

Phyllacanthus

Phyllobrissus

Phymechinus

Phymopedina

Phymosoma

Phymotaxis

Physaster

Pictaviechinus

Pileus

Pisolampas

Plagiobrissus

Plagiochasma

Platipygus

Platybrissus

Plegiocidaris

Pleiechinus

Pleiocyphus

Plesiaster

Plesiocidaris

Plesiolampas

Plesiopatagus

Pleurodiadema

Pliolampas

Plococidaris

Polycidaris

Polycyphus

Polydesmaster

Polydiadema

Polyplacida

Polysalenia

Polytaxicidaris

Pomaster

Porechinus

Poriocidaris

Porocidaris

Poropeltaris

Porosoma

Porpitella

Pourtalesia

Prenaster

Printechinus

Prionechinus

Prionocidaris

Procidaris

Proescutella

Progonechinus

Proholaster

Pronechinus

Prophyllacanthus

Proraster

Prosostoma

Protenaster

Proterocidaris

Protobrissus

Protocidaris

Protolampas

Protoscutella

Prowillungaster

Psammechinus

Psephechinus

Psephoaster

Pseudananchys

Pseudarbacia

Pseudarbacina

Pseudechinus

Pseudholaster

Pseudobrissus

Pseudocentrotus

Pseudocidaris

Pseudodiadema

Pseudodicoptella

Pseudoffaster

Pseudogibbaster

Pseudolinthia

Pseudopedina

Pseudopygaulus

Pseudopygurus

Pseudorthopsis

Pseudosalenia

Pseudosorella

Pseudowashitaster

Pusillaster

Pygaster

Pygaulus

Pygidiolampas

Pygomalus

Pygopistes

Pygopyrina

Pygorhynchus

Pygorhytis

Pygospatangus

Pygurostoma

Pygurus

Pyrina

Rachiosoma

Radiobrissus

Radiocyphus

Radiolus

Recrosalenia

Remondella

Rhabdocidaris

Rhenechinus

Rhopostoma

Rhyncholampas

Rhynchopygus

Rhynobrissus

Rispolia

Rojasia

Rotula

Rotuloidea

Royasendia

Rumphia

Runa

Salenia

Salenidia

Salmacis

Samlandaster

Sanchezaster

Sanchezella

Santeelampas

Sardocidaris

Savainiaster

Scagliaster

Scaphechinus

Scaptodiadema

Schizaster

Schizechinus

Schizopneustes

Scolechinus

Scoliechinus

Scutaster

Scutella

Scutellaster

Scutellina

Scutellinoides

Scutulum

Semipetalion

Serpianotiaris

Seunaster

Silurocidaris

Sinaecidaris

Sismondia

Somalechinus

Somaliaster

Spaniocyphus

Spatagoides

Spatangomorpha

Spatangus

Sphaerechinus

Sphaerotiaris

Stegaster

Stegopygus

Stenechinus

Stenoaster

Stereocidaris

Sternotaxis

Stigmatopygus

Stirechinus

Stomaporus

Stomechinus

Stomopneutes

Strongylocentrotus

Studeria

Stylocidaris

Taimanawa

Taphraster

Tarphypygus

Tatechinus

Temnechinus

Temnocidaris

Temnopleurus

Temnotrema

Tenuirachnius

Termieria

Tessieria

Tetracidaris

Tetragramma

Tetraramania

Thagastea

Thierychinus

Tholaster

Thylechinus

Tiarechinopsis

Tiarechinus

Tiaridia

Tiaromma

Titanaster

Tithonia

Togocyamus

Tornquistellus

Tournoueraster

Toxaster

Toxopatagus

Toxopneustes

Trachypatagus

Tretocidaris

Triadechinus

Triadocidaris

Triassicidaris

Triplacidia

Tripneustes

Tripylus

Trisalenia

Trochalosoma

Trochodiadema

Trochoechinus

Trochotiara

Turanglaster

Tylocidaris

Unibothriocidaris

Unifascia

Valsalenia

Vaquerosella

Verbeekia

Vernius

Victoriaster

Vinchuscanchaia

Vologesia

Vomeraster

Washitaster

Weisbordella

Willungaster

Winkleria

Wrightia

Wuarnia

Wythella

Xenechinus

Xenocidaris

Xysteria

Zardinechinus

Zenocentrotus

Zeuglopleurus

Zeugopleurus

Zuffardia

Zumoffenia

See also

References