Biology:List of prehistoric echinoid genera

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Echinolampas

This list of prehistoric echinoids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be echinoids, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered echinoids.

Naming conventions and terminology

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:

• Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
• Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
• Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
• Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
• Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

The list

Genus Authors Year Status Age Location Notes Abatus Abertella Acanthechinus Acriaster Acrocidaris Acrolusia Acropeltis Acrosalenia Acrosaster Actinophyma Adytaster Aeolopneustes Agassizia Aguayoaster Albertechinus Allocentrotus Allomma Allotoxaster Alpicidaris Ambipleurus Amblypgus Amblypneustes Ammotrophus Amoraster Amphiope Anaulocidaris Ancylocidaris Anisaser Anisocidaris Anorthopygus Antillaster Apatopygus Aphelaster Apoxypetalum Aprilechinus Arachniopleurus Arachnoides Araeosoma Arbacia Arbacina Arbia Archaechinus Archaeocidaris Archiacia Arnaudaster Asaphechinus Asterocidaris Asterostoma Asthenosoma Astriclypeus Astrodapsis Astrolampus Astropygaulus Atactus Atelospatangus Atlasaster Atopechinus Aulechinus Aurelianaster Australanthus Austrocidaris Balanocidaris Barnumia Basseaster Baueria Besairecidaris Boletechinus Bothriocidaris Bothryopneutes Bramus Breynia Brightonia Brisaster Brissolampas Brissomorpha Brissopatagus Brissopneustes Brissopsis Brissus Brochechinus Brochopleurus Caenholectypus Caenocidaris Cagaster Calilampus Calocidaris Camerogalerus Cardabia Cardiaster Cardiolampas Cardiopelta Cardiotaxis Caribbaster Cassidulus Catopygus Cavanechinus Centropygus Centrostephanus Cestobrissus Chelonechinus Cheopsia Chondrocidaris Chuniola Cibaster Cidaris Cidaropsis Cionobrissus Circopeltis Claviaster Cleistechinus Cluniaster Clypeanthus Clypeaster Clypeolampas Clypeopygus Clypeus Codechinus Codiopsis Coelopleurus Colliclypeus Collyrites Collyropsis Colpotiara Conoclypus Conulus Coptodiscus Coraster Corechinus Corthya Coryslus Cottaldia Cotteaudia Cottreaucorys Cravenechinus Crinocidaris Crucibrissus Cryptechinus Cubanaster Cyamidia Cyathocidaris Cyclaster Cyclolampas Daradaster Delocidaris Dendraster Deneechinus Desmechinus Desorella Devonocidaris Diadema Diademopsis Dialyaster Dictyopleurus Dicyclocidaris Diplechinus Diplocidaris Diplodetus Diplopodia Diploporaster Diplosalenia Diplotagma Disaster Discholectypus Discoides Distefanaster Ditremaster Dixieus Dixonia Domechinus Dorocidaris Douvillaster Dubarechinus Dumblea Duncaniaster Duperieria Durhamella Echinanthus Echinarachnius Echinocardium Echinocorys Echinocyamus Echinocyphus Echinocyphus Echinocystites Echinodiscus Echinogalerus Echinolampas Echinometra Echinoneus Echinopedina Echinopsis Echinostrephus Echinothuria Echinotiara Echinus Ectinechinus Ellipsechinus Enallopneustes Encope Endeodiadema Engelia Enichaster Entomaster Eodiadema Eogaleropygus Eosalenia Eoscutella Eoscutum Eothuria Epiaster Erbechinus Eucidaris Eupatagus Eurhodia Eurypetalum Eurypneustes Eurysalenia Evechinus Faorina Farquharsonia Faujasia Fauraster Fellaster Fellius Fernandezaster Fibularia Fibulaster Fibulina Firmacidaris Fossulaster Fournierechinus Fourtaunia Gagaria Galeaster Galeola Galeraster Galerites Galeroclypeus Galeropygus Ganbirretia Garumnaster Gauthieria Gauthiosoma Gentilia Gibbaster Gillechinus Giraliaster Gitolampas Globator Glyphocyphus Glyphopneustes Glypotocidaris Glyptechinus Glypticus Glyptocyphus Gomphechinus Gongrochanus Goniocidaris Goniophorus Goniopygus Goniosigma Gonzalezaster Gotlandechinus Gracilechinus Grammechinus Granobrissoides Graphepleurus Grasia Gualtieria Guettaria Gymnocidaris Gymnodiadema Habanaster Hagenowia Haimea Hardouinia Hattopsis Heliocidaris Heliophora Helodiadema Hemiaster Hemicara Hemicidaris Hemidiadema Hemifaorina Hemigymnia Hemipedina Hemipneustes Hemithylus Hemitiaris Hernandezaster Herreraster Hesperaster Hessotiara Heteraster Heterobrissus Heterocentrotus Heterocidaris Heterodiadema Heterolampas Heteropedina Heterosalenia Hikelaster Hirudocidaris Histocidaris Holaster Holcopneustes Holectypus Homoeaster Homoeopetalus Hupea Huttonechinus Hyattechinus Hyboclypus Hypechinus Hypodiadema Hypopygurus Hyposalenia Hypsopatagus Hypsopygaster Hysteraster Idiocidaris Iheringiella Ilarionia Infraclypeus Infulaster Iraniaster Irenechinus Isaster Isechinus Ismidaster Isomicraster Isopetalum Isopneustes Jacksonaster Jacquiertia Jeannetia Jeronia Karlaster Kephrenia Kertaster Kewia Kierechinus Kina Kongielechinus Koninckocidaris Labrotaxis Laevipatagus Laganum Lajanaster Lambertechinus Lambertiaster Lambertona Lampadaster Lampadocorys Lanieria Lanternarius Laticlypus Ledidocidaris Lefortia Leiocyphus Leioechinus Leiopedina Leiostomaster Lenicyamidia Leniechinus Lenita Lenticidaris Leodia Lepidechinoides Lepidechinus Lepidesthes Lepidocentrus Leptechinus Leptocidaris Leptopleurus Leptosalenia Leurocidaris Levicidaris Leviechinus Linthia Loriolella Loriolia Loriolipedina Lovenechinus Lovenia Lovenilampas Lutetiaster Lytechinus Maccoya Macraster Macrodiadema Macropneustes Magnosia Maretia Mariania Martinechinus Mattsechinus Mauritanaster Mazzettia Medocechinus Meekechinus Megacidaris Megapetalus Megapneustes Megaporocidaris Mellita Mellitella Melonechinus Menocidaris Menopygus Menuthiaster Meoma Mepygurus Merocidaris Merriamaster Mesodiadema Mesodiadema Messaoudia Metalia Metaporinus Metholectypus Micraster Microcyphus Microdiadema Microlampas Micropedina Micropsis Migliorinia Mikrocidarió Minicidaris Miocidaris Mirechinus Moira Moiropsis Mokotibaster Monodiadema Monophoraster Monostychia Moronaster Mortensenaster Mortonella Mundaster Murravechinus Myriastiches Narindechinus Neobothriocidaris Neocatopygus Neoglobator Neolaganum Neoproraster Neorumphia Nipponaster Nipponaster Noetlingaster Nordenskjoeldaster Nortonechinus Notocidaris Notolampas Nucleolites Nucleopygus Nudechinus Nudobrissus Ochetes Oedematocidaris Offaster Oligophyma Oligoporus Oligopygus Oolopygus Opechinus Opisopneustes Opissaster Orbignyana Ornithaster Orthaster Orthocidaris Orthopsis Oustechnius Oviclypeus Ovulaster Ovulechinus Pachycidaris Palaechinus Palaeodiadema Palaeodiscus Palaeopedina Palaeostoma Paleopneustes Palhemiaster Palmeraster Palmerius Parabrissus Paracidaris Paradoxechinus Paraheteraster Parapygus Parasalenia Parascutella Paraster Parhabdocidaris Parmulechinus Paronaster Parvicidaris Paurocidaris Pedina Pedinopsis Pedinothuria Pelanechinus Pelanodiadema Pentechinus Pentedium Peraspatangus Periarchus Periaster Peribrissus Pericosmus Perischocidaris Perischodomus Peronella Peronellites Petalobrissus Phalacrocidaris Phalacropedina Pharaonaster Pholidechinus Pholidocidaris Phyllacanthus Phyllobrissus Phymechinus Phymopedina Phymosoma Phymotaxis Physaster Pictaviechinus Pileus Pisolampas Plagiobrissus Plagiochasma Platipygus Platybrissus Plegiocidaris Pleiechinus Pleiocyphus Plesiaster Plesiocidaris Plesiolampas Plesiopatagus Pleurodiadema Pliolampas Plococidaris Polycidaris Polycyphus Polydesmaster Polydiadema Polyplacida Polysalenia Polytaxicidaris Pomaster Porechinus Poriocidaris Porocidaris Poropeltaris Porosoma Porpitella Pourtalesia Prenaster Printechinus Prionechinus Prionocidaris Procidaris Proescutella Progonechinus Proholaster Pronechinus Prophyllacanthus Proraster Prosostoma Protenaster Proterocidaris Protobrissus Protocidaris Protolampas Protoscutella Prowillungaster Psammechinus Psephechinus Psephoaster Pseudananchys Pseudarbacia Pseudarbacina Pseudechinus Pseudholaster Pseudobrissus Pseudocentrotus Pseudocidaris Pseudodiadema Pseudodicoptella Pseudoffaster Pseudogibbaster Pseudolinthia Pseudopedina Pseudopygaulus Pseudopygurus Pseudorthopsis Pseudosalenia Pseudosorella Pseudowashitaster Pusillaster Pygaster Pygaulus Pygidiolampas Pygomalus Pygopistes Pygopyrina Pygorhynchus Pygorhytis Pygospatangus Pygurostoma Pygurus Pyrina Rachiosoma Radiobrissus Radiocyphus Radiolus Recrosalenia Remondella Rhabdocidaris Rhenechinus Rhopostoma Rhyncholampas Rhynchopygus Rhynobrissus Rispolia Rojasia Rotula Rotuloidea Royasendia Rumphia Runa Salenia Salenidia Salmacis Samlandaster Sanchezaster Sanchezella Santeelampas Sardocidaris Savainiaster Scagliaster Scaphechinus Scaptodiadema Schizaster Schizechinus Schizopneustes Scolechinus Scoliechinus Scutaster Scutella Scutellaster Scutellina Scutellinoides Scutulum Semipetalion Serpianotiaris Seunaster Silurocidaris Sinaecidaris Sismondia Somalechinus Somaliaster Spaniocyphus Spatagoides Spatangomorpha Spatangus Sphaerechinus Sphaerotiaris Stegaster Stegopygus Stenechinus Stenoaster Stereocidaris Sternotaxis Stigmatopygus Stirechinus Stomaporus Stomechinus Stomopneutes Strongylocentrotus Studeria Stylocidaris Taimanawa Taphraster Tarphypygus Tatechinus Temnechinus Temnocidaris Temnopleurus Temnotrema Tenuirachnius Termieria Tessieria Tetracidaris Tetragramma Tetraramania Thagastea Thierychinus Tholaster Thylechinus Tiarechinopsis Tiarechinus Tiaridia Tiaromma Titanaster Tithonia Togocyamus Tornquistellus Tournoueraster Toxaster Toxopatagus Toxopneustes Trachypatagus Tretocidaris Triadechinus Triadocidaris Triassicidaris Triplacidia Tripneustes Tripylus Trisalenia Trochalosoma Trochodiadema Trochoechinus Trochotiara Turanglaster Tylocidaris Unibothriocidaris Unifascia Valsalenia Vaquerosella Verbeekia Vernius Victoriaster Vinchuscanchaia Vologesia Vomeraster Washitaster Weisbordella Willungaster Winkleria Wrightia Wuarnia Wythella Xenechinus Xenocidaris Xysteria Zardinechinus Zenocentrotus Zeuglopleurus Zeugopleurus Zuffardia Zumoffenia

See also

• List of prehistoric brittle stars
• List of prehistoric sea cucumbers
• List of crinoid genera

References

• Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (ECHINOIDEA)". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: 560. ISBN 978-0-87710-450-6. http://strata.geology.wisc.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=505&rank=class. Retrieved 2009-07-13.