Biology:Maroon oriole
| Maroon oriole | |
|---|---|
| File:Maroon Oriole.jpg | |
| Male O. t. traillii, West Bengal, India | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Oriolidae |
| Genus: | Oriolus |
| Species: | O. traillii
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| Binomial name | |
| Oriolus traillii (Vigors, 1832)
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| Synonyms | |
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The maroon oriole (Oriolus traillii) is a species of bird in the family Oriolidae. It is found in Southeast Asia.
Taxonomy
The maroon oriole was originally described in the genus Pastor. Along with the black, black-and-crimson and silver orioles, it belongs to a clade of red and black orioles.[2]
Four subspecies are recognised:[3]
- O. t. traillii – (Vigors, 1832) occurs from the Himalayas to southern China, northern Indochina and northern Thailand
- O. t. ardens – (R. Swinhoe, 1862) occurs in Taiwan
- O. t. nigellicauda – (Swinhoe, 1870) occurs on Hainan
- O. t. robinsoni – Delacour, 1927 occurs in southern Indochina
The silver oriole of southern China was originally described by Stresemann as another subspecies of maroon oriole,[4] but is now treated as a separate species;[3] it is very similar, except that the red in the body plumage of the maroon oriole is replaced by silvery white.[5] Genetic evidence has now shown that Stresemann's original assessment was accurate, with silver oriole genetically embedded among the subspecies of maroon oriole; the nominate subspecies of maroon oriole is more closely related to silver oriole, than it is to any of the other maroon oriole subspecies.[6]
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Description
The maroon oriole is 25–28 cm long. Males have maroon and black plumage with a black head, neck and wings with a bluish beak. The females have slightly darker bodies and the juveniles have lighter bodies.[7] The adult male is glossy crimson-maroon, with black head, neck and wings and a chestnut-maroon tail. The females and immature males have a greyish-white underpart with black streaks.[8] The colour varies somewhat across the range, with those in the Indian Subcontinent having duller colours, and those in Southeast Asia having brighter colours, also tending to somewhat reddish tones.
Distribution and habitat
The maroon oriole is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, and Vietnam. In India, it is found from Himachal Pradesh east to Arunachal Pradesh and the hills of Manipur.[8]
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Behaviour and ecology
The maroon oriole lives alone or in pairs. The nesting season is from April to May. The nest is a deep massive cup of bast fibre that is bound with cobwebs. Both male and female birds share the parental duties.[8]
Diet and feeding
The maroon oriole eats wild figs, berries, insects and nectar.[8]
References
- ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Oriolus traillii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22706446A130378420.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22706446/130378420. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ↑ Jønsson, K.A.; Bowie, R. C. K.; Moyle, R. G.; Irestedt, M.; Christidis, L.; Norman, J. A.; Fjeldså, J. (2010). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Oriolidae (Aves: Passeriformes)". Ecography 33 (2): 232–241. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06167.x. Bibcode: 2010Ecogr..33..232J. http://www.nrm.se/download/18.25ba04a21296cc434f980005871/J%25C3%25B6nsson%2Bet%2Bal%2BOriolidae.pdf. Retrieved 2017-03-01.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "IOC World Bird List 7.1". IOC World Bird List Datasets. doi:10.14344/ioc.ml.7.1. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ioc-lists/crossref.
- ↑ Stresemann, E. (1922). "Oriolus traillii mellianus n. subsp.". Ornithologische Monatsberichte (Verlag von R. Friedländer & Sohn) 30. ISSN 0375-0221. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32597935. Retrieved 2026-09-02.
- ↑ Hoyo, Josep del; Allen, Richard (2020). All the birds of the world. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. p. 508. ISBN 978-84-16728-37-4. OCLC 1201502440. https://www.worldcat.org/title/1201502440. Retrieved 2026-09-02.
- ↑ Ernst, Mario; Jønsson, Knud A.; Ericson, Per G. P.; Blom, Mozes P. K.; Irestedt, Martin (2022). "Utilizing museomics to trace the complex history and species boundaries in an avian-study system of conservation concern". Heredity 128 (3): 159–168. doi:10.1038/s41437-022-00499-0. ISSN 0018-067X. PMID 35082388. PMC 8897408. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41437-022-00499-0. Retrieved 2026-09-02.
- ↑ "Taiwan Ecological Conservation". http://www.gio.gov.tw/info/ecology/English/animals_e/LowAnimals_e/LowAnimals08_e.html.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Ali, Salim (1996). The Book of Indian Birds. India: Oxford University Press. p. 227.
Wikidata ☰ Q2719196 entry
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