Biology:Outline of the Korean language

From HandWiki

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Korean language:

Korean – East Asian language spoken by about 80 million people.[1] It is a member of the Koreanic language family and is the official and national language of North Korea and South Korea , which form Korea. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin, China. Historical and modern linguists classify Korean as a language isolate;[2][3][4][5][6][7] however, it does have a few extinct relatives, which together with Korean and the Jeju language (spoken on Jeju Island and considered distinct) form the Koreanic language family.[8][9] Korean is agglutinative in its morphology and SOV in its syntax.

History

Hangul

Hangul

  • Origin of Hangul
    • Hunminjeongeum
    • Hunminjeongeum Haerye
  • Hangul consonant and vowel tables

Online

  • Hangul Day

In non-Korean languages

  • Cia-Cia language
  • Taiwanese Hangul

Chinese characters

  • Hanja
    • Idu script
      • Hyangchal
    • Gugyeol
    • Mixed script
  • Hanmun

Other language systems

  • Korean Braille
  • Korean Sign language
    • Korean manual alphabet

Grammar

Korean grammar

  • Korean count word
  • Korean numerals
  • Korean postpositions
  • Korean profanity
  • Korean pronouns
  • Korean punctuation
  • Korean speech levels
  • Korean verbs
  • Korean phonology
  • Korean honorifics

Linguistics

  • Korean phonology
  • Linguistic purism in Korean

Dialects and relatives

In Korea

North Korea

South Korea

Jeju

Outside Korea

  • Zainichi Korean language
  • Korean language in China
  • Koryo-mar
  • Korean as a foreign language

Transliteration

Romanization

Romanization of Korean

Cyrillization

  • Kontsevich

Etymology

  • List of Korean placename etymologies
  • Sino-Korean vocabulary
  • Konglish
  • North–South differences in the Korean language

Korean dictionaries

  • Basic Korean Dictionary
  • Han-Han Dae Sajeon
  • Standard Korean Language Dictionary

Organizations and institutions

  • International Circle of Korean Linguistics
  • International Ideographs Core
  • King Sejong Institute
  • Korean Cultural Center
  • Hunminjeongeum Society
  • Korean Language Society
  • National Hangeul Museum

References

  1. ↑ Summary by language size, table 3, https://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size 
  2. ↑ Song, Jae Jung (2005), The Korean language: structure, use and context, Routledge, p. 15, ISBN 978-0-415-32802-9, https://books.google.com/books?id=rIk52cJ1vDEC&pg=PA15 .
  3. ↑ Campbell, Lyle; Mixco, Mauricio (2007), "Korean, A language isolate", A Glossary of Historical Linguistics, University of Utah Press, pp. 7, 90–91, "most specialists... no longer believe that the... Altaic groups... are related […] Korean is often said to belong with the Altaic hypothesis, often also with Japanese, though this is not widely supported" .
  4. ↑ Dalby, David (1999–2000), The Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities, Linguasphere Press .
  5. ↑ Kim, Nam-Kil (1992), "Korean", International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 2, pp. 282–86, "scholars have tried to establish genetic relationships between Korean and other languages and major language families, but with little success" .
  6. ↑ Róna-Tas, András (1998), "The Reconstruction of Proto-Turkic and the Genetic Question", The Turkic Languages, Routledge, pp. 67–80, "[Ramstedt's comparisons of Korean and Altaic] have been heavily criticised in more recent studies, though the idea of a genetic relationship has not been totally abandoned" .
  7. ↑ Schönig, Claus (2003), "Turko-Mongolic Relations", The Mongolic Languages, Routledge, pp. 403–19, "the 'Altaic' languages do not seem to share a common basic vocabulary of the type normally present in cases of genetic relationship" .
  8. ↑ Sanchez-Mazas; Blench; Ross et al., eds. (2008), "Stratification in the peopling of China: how far does the linguistic evidence match genetics and archaeology?", Human migrations in continental East Asia and Taiwan: genetic, linguistic and archaeological evidence, Taylor & Francis 
  9. ↑ Vovin, Alexander. Korean as a Paleosiberian Language (English version of 원시시베리아 언어로서의 한국어). https://www.academia.edu/18764127. 

External links



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