Biology:Outline of the October Revolution

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Short description: Overview of and topical guide to Wikipedia articles about the October Revolution


October Revolution
Part of the Russian Revolution and the Revolutions of 1917–1923

Red Guards at the Vulkan factory in Petrograd, 1917
Date25–26 October 1917 (7–8 November N.S.)
Location
Petrograd, Russian Republic
Result
  • Bolshevik victory
  • Overthrow of the Provisional Government and end of dual power
  • Transfer of power to the Congress of Soviets and formation of the Council of People's Commissars under Vladimir Lenin
  • Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly in January 1918
  • Onset of the Russian Civil War

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the October Revolution in Russia.

The October Revolution (Russian: Октябрьская революция), known in Soviet historiography as the Great October Socialist Revolution, was the second of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. Its decisive events took place in and around Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg), then the Russian capital, where the Military Revolutionary Committee of the Petrograd Soviet occupied the government's key installations and overthrew the Provisional Government headed by Alexander Kerensky.[1]

On 10 October O.S. (23 October N.S.) the Bolshevik Central Committee resolved by ten votes to two that an armed uprising was "inevitable"; the Petrograd Soviet then created the Military Revolutionary Committee, which by the third week of October had displaced the district command and taken effective control of the capital's garrison. When Kerensky moved against the Bolshevik press on 24 October, the committee seized the telegraph, the bridges, the railway stations, the State Bank and the telephone exchange, and on the evening of 25 October besieged the Winter Palace. The ministers were arrested there at 2:10 a.m. on 26 October. Meeting at the Smolny Institute while the palace fell, the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets proclaimed the transfer of power to the soviets, adopted the Decree on Peace and the Decree on Land, and elected the Council of People's Commissars under Vladimir Lenin.[2]

Main articles

  • October Revolution - The October Revolution known in Soviet historiography as the Great October Socialist Revolution, was the second of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. The October revolution was planned and carried out by the Bolshevik's under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin.

Background

  • World War I - Major armed conflict in Europe between the Allied powers and the Central powers.[lower-alpha 1] Russia would suffer social upheaval during the war followed by a political and military collapse in 1917 which led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the revolution.
  • Eastern Front (World War I) – Russian theater during World War I.
  • 1905 Russian Revolution – A minor revolutionary upheaval that preceeded the 1917 revolution.[lower-alpha 2]
  • February Revolution – a mass uprising in Petrograd that overthrew Tsar Nicholas II, and established the Russian Provisional Government

Events

  • Murder of the Romanov family - the execution of Emperor Nicholas II, Empress Alexandra, their children, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei, along with their household servants who had occupanied them to Yekaterinburg.

Places

  • Petrograd - formerly Saint Petersburg, the capital of Russia.

Organizations

Political

  • Bolsheviks – a radical faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) led by Vladimir Lenin which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1903. The Bolshevik party seized power in the October Revolution and was later renamed the Russian Communist Party.
  • Mensheviks – a moderate reformist faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Bolshevik faction at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1903. They were led by individuals who opposed Vladimir Lenin including Julius Martov and Pavel Axelrod.
  • Socialist Revolutionary Party – (known as "Right SRs"), agrarian socialists and supporters of Democratic socialism.
  • Left Socialist-Revolutionaries – (known as "Left SRs"), agrarian socialists and a faction of the Socialist Revolutionary Party who split from the party over support for the Russian Provisional Government. They later partnered with the Bolsheviks after the success of the October revolution.
  • Constitutional Democratic Party – (known as the "K-Ds") liberal party which promoted Western style constitutional monarchy and formed a base ranging from moderate conservatives to mild socialists.

Military

  • Red Army - (originally the 'Workers' and Peasants' Red Army) established in January 1918 by Leon Trotsky as the military wing of the Bolshevik party to fight the various groups collectively known as the White Army.
  • White Army - collective name for the armed formations of the monarchists, constitutional democrats, and anti-Bolshevik groups.

People

Monarchists

  • Tsar Nicholas II - (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; born 6 May 1868 (O.S.) – executed 17 July 1918 (N.S.)) - Emperor of Russia from 1 November 1894 (O.S.) until his abdication in 1917. Executed by the Bolsheviks in Yekaterinburg.

Socialists

  • Alexander Kerensky – (born 22 April 1881 (O.S.) – 11 June 1970 (N.S.)) socialist government minister who became a leader in the pre-Bolshevik revolutionary government. He later fled Russia to France, lived in California and taught at Stanford University, and eventually died in New York City.

Bolsheviks

  • Vladimir Lenin (born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, 10 April 1870 (O.S.) – died 21 January 1924 (N.S.)) - founder and revolutionary leader of the Bolsheviks.
  • Leon Trotsky (born Lev Davidovich Bronstein, 26 October 1879 (O.S.) – assassinated 21 August 1940 (N.S.)) - revolutionary leader of the Bolsheviks, founder of the Red Army.

Aftermath

  • Murder of the Romanov family - the execution of Emperor Nicholas II, Empress Alexandra, their children, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei, along with their household servants who had occupanied them to Yekaterinburg.

Miscellaneous

  • Pravda – Bolshevik newspaper.
  • Izvestia – newspaper of the Petrograd Soviet and then of the Central Executive Committee.

See also

Further reading

The below works all contain information on the February Revolution as well as extensive bibliographies for additional research.

  • Smith, S. A. (2017). Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928. New York: Oxford University Press.[3][4]
  • Engelstein, L. (2017). Russia in Flames: War, Revolution, Civil War, 1914–1921. New York: Oxford University Press.[5][6]
  • Figes, O. (1997). A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution. New York: Viking Press.[7][8]
  • McMeekin, S. (2017). The Russian Revolution: A New History. New York: Basic Books.
  • Smele, J. (2016). The "Russian" Civil Wars, 1916-1926: Ten Years That Shook the World. New York: Oxford University Press.[lower-alpha 3][9][10][11]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ The principal Allied Powers were French Third Republic, the British Empire, the Russian Empire, Kingdom of Italy, the Empire of Japan, and the United States. The main Central Powers were the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.
  2. ↑ See Outline and timeline of the Russian Revolution of 1905 for additional information.
  3. ↑ Contains an extensive 46 bibliography of English and non-English works on the "Russian" Civil Wars.

Citations

  1. ↑ Medvedev, Roy A. (1979). The October Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press. 
  2. ↑ Rabinowitch, Alexander (2017). The Bolsheviks Come to Power: The Revolution of 1917 in Petrograd. London: Pluto Press. 
  3. ↑ Legvold, Robert (2017). "Review: Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928; Caught in the Revolution; Was Revolution Inevitable? Turning Points of the Russian Revolution". Foreign Affairs 96 (September/October 2017). https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2017-08-15/russia-revolution-empire-crisis-1890-1928-caught-revolution-was. Retrieved 2 February 2020. 
  4. ↑ Fedyashin, A. (2017). "Review: S. A. Smith, Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928". European History Quarterly 47 (4): 787–789. doi:10.1177/0265691417729639as. 
  5. ↑ Orlovsky, D. (2017). "Review Essay: The Russian Revolution at 100". Slavic Review 76 (3): 763–771. doi:10.1017/slr.2017.184. 
  6. ↑ Korobeinikov, A. (2019). "Review: Russia in Flames. War, Revolution, Civil War, 1914–1921". Europe-Asia Studies 71 (9). doi:10.1080/09668136.2019.1674531. 
  7. ↑ Suny, R. G. (1999). "Reviewed Work: A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution. by Orlando Figes". The Journal of Modern History (The University of Chicago Press) 71 (1): 263–266. doi:10.1086/235245. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-history_1999-03_71_1/page/263. 
  8. ↑ Zelnik, R. E. (1999). "Reviewed Work: A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution. by Orlando Figes". Slavic Review (Cambridge University Press) 57 (2): 453–455. doi:10.2307/2501883. 
  9. ↑ Lohr, E. (2017). "Book Review: The "Russian" Civil Wars, 1916–1926: Ten Years that Shook the World. By Jonathan D. Smele". Slavic Review 74 (4): 1123–1124. doi:10.1017/slr.2017.321. 
  10. ↑ Wade, Rex A. (2016). "Reviewed Work: The 'Russian' Civil Wars, 1916–1926: Ten Years That Shook the World by Smele, Jonathan D.". The Slavonic and East European Review 94 (4): 760–762. doi:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.94.4.0760. 
  11. ↑ Kroner, Anthony (2017). "Book Review: The 'Russian' Civil Wars 1916–1926: Ten Years That Shook the World". Revolutionary Russia 30 (1): 142–145. doi:10.1080/09546545.2017.1305540. 

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