Biology:PVT1
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Pvt1 oncogene (non-protein coding), also known as PVT1 or Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 is a long non-coding RNA gene.[1] In mice, this gene was identified as a breakpoint site in chromosome 6;15 translocations. These translocations are associated with murine plasmacytomas.[2] The equivalent translocation in humans is t(2;8), which is associated with a rare variant of Burkitt's lymphoma.[3] In rats, this breakpoint was shown to be a common site of proviral integration in retrovirally induced T lymphomas.[4] Transcription of PVT1 is regulated by Myc.[5]
Overexpression of PVT1 could lead to tumorigenesis in three ways. Rearrangements of DNA through the fusion of PVT1 and Oncogene tumor suppressor could lead to the dysregulation of oncogene or tumor suppressor genes, eventually leading to tumorigenesis. Next, expression of the PVT1-encoded miRNAs can downregulate tumor suppressor genes, causing tumorigenesis. Finally, increase in the interaction of MYC with PVT1 can lead to tumorigenesis.[6]
Overexpression of PVT1 located at 8q24.21 region of the chromosome is associated with many cancers in human[6] through dysregulation of certain different genes in different cancers. For instance, the overexpression of PVT1 in prostate Cancer downregulates the miR-146a gene that leads to a decrease of miR-146a levels in a cell, through the methylation of CpG island on its promoter region, promoting the suppression of the cancer cell apoptosis.[7] Furthermore, activity of lncPVT1 and its associated microRNAs has been shown to influence chemotherapy resistance in multiple cancers by epigenetic regulation or direct repression of other non-coding transcripts.[8]
References
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: PVT1 Pvt1 oncogene homolog, MYC activator (mouse)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5820.
- ↑ "Variant (6;15) translocations in murine plasmacytomas involve a chromosome 15 locus at least 72 kb from the c-myc oncogene". The EMBO Journal 4 (3): 675–681. March 1985. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03682.x. PMID 3924592.
- ↑ "Chromosome 8 breakpoint far 3′ of the c-myc oncogene in a Burkitt's lymphoma 2;8 variant translocation is equivalent to the murine pvt-1 locus". The EMBO Journal 5 (11): 2845–2851. November 1986. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04578.x. PMID 3024964.
- ↑ "Proviral integration site Mis-1 in rat thymomas corresponds to the pvt-1 translocation breakpoint in murine plasmacytomas". Molecular and Cellular Biology 6 (5): 1834–1837. May 1986. doi:10.1128/MCB.6.5.1834. PMID 3785181.
- ↑ "The PVT-1 oncogene is a MYC protein target that is overexpressed in transformed cells". Journal of Cellular Physiology 213 (2): 511–518. November 2007. doi:10.1002/jcp.21133. PMID 17503467.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Long non-coding RNA PVT1 and cancer". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 471 (1): 10–14. February 2016. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.101. PMID 26850852.
- ↑ "LncRNA PVT1 regulates prostate cancer cell growth by inducing the methylation of miR-146a". Cancer Medicine 5 (12): 3512–3519. December 2016. doi:10.1002/cam4.900. PMID 27794184.
- ↑ "Chemoresistance Mediated by ceRNA Networks Associated With the PVT1 Locus". Frontiers in Oncology 9 (1): 834. August 2019. doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.00834. PMID 31508377.
Further reading
- "Amplification of PVT1 contributes to the pathophysiology of ovarian and breast cancer". Clinical Cancer Research 13 (19): 5745–5755. October 2007. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2882. PMID 17908964.
- "Variants in the plasmacytoma variant translocation gene (PVT1) are associated with end-stage renal disease attributed to type 1 diabetes". Diabetes 56 (12): 3027–3032. December 2007. doi:10.2337/db07-0675. PMID 17881614.
- "The PVT-1 oncogene is a Myc protein target that is overexpressed in transformed cells". Journal of Cellular Physiology 213 (2): 511–518. November 2007. doi:10.1002/jcp.21133. PMID 17503467.
- "Identification of PVT1 as a candidate gene for end-stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes using a pooling-based genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism association study". Diabetes 56 (4): 975–983. April 2007. doi:10.2337/db06-1072. PMID 17395743.
- "Transcriptome analysis of human gastric cancer". Mammalian Genome 16 (12): 942–954. December 2005. doi:10.1007/s00335-005-0075-2. PMID 16341674.
- "Chromosome 8 breakpoint far 3′ of the c-myc oncogene in a Burkitt's lymphoma 2;8 variant translocation is equivalent to the murine pvt-1 locus". The EMBO Journal 5 (11): 2845–2851. November 1986. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04578.x. PMID 3024964.
- "The PVT gene frequently amplifies with MYC in tumor cells". Molecular and Cellular Biology 9 (3): 1148–1154. March 1989. doi:10.1128/MCB.9.3.1148. PMID 2725491.
- "Identification of a human transcription unit affected by the variant chromosomal translocations 2;8 and 8;22 of Burkitt lymphoma". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86 (9): 3257–3260. May 1989. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.9.3257. PMID 2470097. Bibcode: 1989PNAS...86.3257S.
- "Effects of translocations on transcription from PVT". Molecular and Cellular Biology 10 (4): 1835–1839. April 1990. doi:10.1128/MCB.10.4.1835. PMID 2181290.
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