Biology:Pao palembangensis
| Pao palembangensis | |
|---|---|
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| Inflated state | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Tetraodontidae |
| Genus: | Pao |
| Species: | P. palembangensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Pao palembangensis (Bleeker, 1852)
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| Synonyms | |
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Pao palembangensis[2] (formerly Tetraodon palembangensis), is a species of freshwater pufferfish native to Thailand, Laos, Malaysia and Indonesia in Southeast Asia. Its commonly called the humpback puffer or dragon puffer. It is bred for aquaria as an ornamental fish because of its beautiful skin colouration and pattern.
Description
Living in alkalescent, warm (24–28°), and slow-flowing rivers, Pao palembangensis grows to a length of 19.4 centimetres (7.6 in) SL.[3] It is the largest member of its genus, and the third-largest freshwater pufferfish, only being outsized by the Fahaka[4] and Mbu puffers.[5] It is chocolate-brown, with a pale mottled underbelly and an elongated head. The large eyes of this fish are a distinct orange. As a pufferfish its body contains the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX),[6] and it can swell up to three times its normal size as a defence mechanism when threatened.[7] Females have a more pronounced "humpback", the result of a more arched spinal column.[8]
Having a small genome size (362Mb), a chromosome-scale genome assembly of P. palembangensis was sequenced as part of the Fish10K subproject of the Earth BioGenome Project.[9]
Behaviour
It was previously thought to be an ambush predator but it is now believed that is not the case. P. palembangensis is an active hunter that pursues sleeping aquatic prey. It is a nocturnal fish as evidence by its large eyes, increased nightly activity, and daytime sleep.[10][citation needed]
References
- ↑ Daniels, A. (2020). "Pao palembangensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T91348632A91348644.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/91348632/91348644. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ↑ Kottelat, M. (2013): The Fishes of the Inland Waters of Southeast Asia: A Catalogue and Core Bibliography of the Fishes Known to Occur in Freshwaters, Mangroves and Estuaries. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 2013, Supplement No. 27: 1–663.
- ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). "Tetraodon palembangensis" in FishBase. October 2012 version.
- ↑ "size". fishbase. 2 December 1852. https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Tetraodon-lineatus.html.
- ↑ "size". fishbase. 2 December 1852. https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Tetraodon-mbu.html.
- ↑ Saitanu, Kriengsag; Laobhripatr, Suchart; Limpakarnjanarat, Khanchit; Sangwanloy, Orapan; Sudhasaneya, Suthida; Anuchatvorakul, Boossakorn; Leelasitorn, Somkriat (1991-01-01). "Toxicity of the freshwater puffer fish Tetraodon fangi and T. palembangensis from Thailand" (in en). Toxicon 29 (7): 895–897. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90226-H. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 1926188. Bibcode: 1991Txcn...29..895S.
- ↑ Saitanu, Kriengsag; Laobhripatr, Suchart; Limpakarnjanarat, Khanchit; Sangwanloy, Orapan; Sudhasaneya, Suthida; Anuchatvorakul, Boossakorn; Leelasitorn, Somkriat (1991-01-01). "Toxicity of the freshwater puffer fish Tetraodon fangi and T. palembangensis from Thailand" (in en). Toxicon 29 (7): 895–897. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90226-H. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 1926188. Bibcode: 1991Txcn...29..895S.
- ↑ "FIRST RECORD OF PAO PALEMBANGENSIS (TETRAODONTIFORMES: TETRAODONTIDAE) FROM THE TAPI RIVER BASIN, SOUTHERN THAILAND, WITH SOME BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND NOTES ON ITS DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS". Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 66 (2): 177–202. 12 December 2024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/389858607. Retrieved 11 June 2026.
- ↑ Zhang, Rui; Li, Chang; Yu, Mengjun; Huang, Xiaoyun; Zhang, Mengqi; Liu, Shanshan; Pan, Shanshan; Xue, Weizhen et al. (2021). "Chromosome-level genome assembly of the humpback puffer, Tetraodon palembangensis" (in en). Gigabyte 2021: 1–12. doi:10.46471/gigabyte.17. PMID 36824331.
- ↑ "the beast of nations". aquaradiss. 9 December 2020. https://www.aquariadise.com/dragon-puffer/.
Wikidata ☰ Q2702510 entry
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