Biology:Pholidosauridae
| Pholidosauridae | |
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| Oceanosuchus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Missing taxonomy template (fix): | Archosauria/Reptilia |
| Clade: | Pseudosuchia |
| Clade: | Crocodylomorpha |
| Clade: | Crocodyliformes |
| Suborder: | †Tethysuchia |
| Family: | †Pholidosauridae Zittel and Eastman, 1902 |
| Subgroups | |
Pholidosauridae is an extinct family of aquatic neosuchian mesoeucrocodylian crocodylomorphs. Fossils have been found in Europe (Denmark , England , France , Germany , Spain and Sweden), Africa (Algeria, Niger, Mali, Morocco and Tunisia), North America (Canada and the United States ) and South America (Brazil and Uruguay). The pholidosaurids first appeared in the fossil record during the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic. Jouve & Jalil (2020) described postcranial material of a pholidosaurid from the Paleocene (Danian) of Ouled Abdoun Basin (Morocco), representing the most recent record of the family. The authors also reinterpreted putative Maastrichtian dyrosaurid Sabinosuchus as a pholidosaurid, and argued that at least two independent pholidosaurid lineages reached the Maastrichtian, among which one survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.[1] Before the publication of this study it was thought that the family became extinct during the Late Turonian stage of the Late Cretaceous.[2]
Sarcosuchus is one of the best known pholidosaurs. It is believed to have attained lengths of up to 9.5 m and weighed up to 4.3 metric tons.[3] Related to Sarcosuchus, Chalawan thailandicus could have reached more than 10 m (33 ft) in length.[4] One genus, Suchosaurus, once thought to be a pholidosaur,[5] has since been shown to be a spinosaurid theropod dinosaur[6] (incertae sedis within Baryonychinae; possibly a junior synonym of Baryonyx[7]). The Cenomanian Terminonaris was the Pholidosaurid species that appeared to be the most common during the Late Cretaceous.[8]
Phylogeny
Pholidosauridae is usually considered to be most closely related to the Dyrosauridae. However, the relationship between these families is not fully understood. Pholidosauridae might be monophyletic,[2] paraphyletic[9] or even a polyphyletic[10] in relation to Dyrosauridae. For example, Fortier, Perea & Schultz (2011) found the family to be monophyletic, and include to main lineages: the Elosuchus–Meridiosaurus lineage and the Pholidosaurus lineage. The cladogram below shows their phylogenetic analysis, which is based on an expanded version of Pol and Gasparini (2009) analysis.[2]
| Neosuchia |
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de Andrade et al. (2011) recovered a paraphyletic traditional Pholidosauridae. In their analysis the "Elosuchus lineage" was found to be basal to the "Pholidosaurus lineage"+Dyrosauridae. They used the name Elosuchidae for the Elosuchus lineage and restricted Pholidosauridae to its type genus. The following cladogram simplified after their analysis.[9]
| Neosuchia |
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Stéphane Jouve; Nour-Eddine Jalil (2020). "Paleocene resurrection of a crocodylomorph taxon: Biotic crises, climatic and sea level fluctuations". Gondwana Research 85: 1–18. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.03.010. Bibcode: 2020GondR..85....1J.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Daniel Fortier, Daniel Perea; Cesar Schultz (2011). "Redescription and phylogenetic relationships of Meridiosaurus vallisparadisi, a pholidosaurid from the Late Jurassic of Uruguay". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163 (s1): S66–S108. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00709.x.
- ↑ Haley D O’Brien, Leigha M Lynch; Kent A Vliet; Brueggen, John; Gregory M Erickson; Paul M Gignac (2019). "Crocodylian Head Width Allometry and Phylogenetic Prediction of Body Size in Extinct Crocodyliforms". Integrative Organismal Biology 1 (1): obz006. doi:10.1093/iob/obz006. PMID 33791523. PMC 7671145. https://academic.oup.com/iob/article/1/1/obz006/5418825.
- ↑ Martin, J. E.; Lauprasert, K.; Buffetaut, E.; Liard, R.; Suteethorn, V. (2013). "A large pholidosaurid in the Phu Kradung Formation of north-eastern Thailand". Palaeontology 57 (4): 757–769. doi:10.1111/pala.12086.
- ↑ Carroll, R.L. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. WH Freeman and Company, New York ISBN:0-7167-1822-7
- ↑ Buffetaut, E. (2007). "The spinosaurid dinosaur Baryonyx (Saurischia, Theropoda) in the Early Cretaceous of Portugal." Geological Magazine, 144(6): 1021-1025.
- ↑ Mateus, Octávio; Araújo, Ricardo; Natário, Carlos; Castanhinha, Rui (21 April 2011). "A new specimen of the theropod dinosaur Baryonyx from the early Cretaceous of Portugal and taxonomic validity of Suchosaurus" (in en). Zootaxa 2827 (1): 54–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2827.1.3. ISSN 1175-5334. https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.2827.1.3.
- ↑ Adams, Thomas L.; Polcyn, Michael J.; Mateus, Octávio; Winkler, Dale A.; Jacobs, Louis L. (1 May 2011). "First occurrence of the long-snouted crocodyliform Terminonaris (Pholidosauridae) from the Woodbine Formation (Cenomanian) of Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (3): 712–716. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.572938. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 2011JVPal..31..712A. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2011.572938.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Marco Brandalise de Andrade; Richard Edmonds; Michael J. Benton; Remmert Schouten (2011). "A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163 (s1): S66–S108. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00709.x.
- ↑ Bronzati, M.; Montefeltro, F. C.; Langer, M. C. (2012). "A species-level supertree of Crocodyliformes". Historical Biology 24 (6): 598–606. doi:10.1080/08912963.2012.662680.
External links
- Pholidosauridae at the Paleobiology Database
- Mikko's Phylogeny Archive on Pholidosauridae
Wikidata ☰ Q137740 entry
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