Biology:Thalattosuchia

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Short description: Clade of marine crocodylomorphs

Thalattosuchians
Temporal range: Early Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Sinemurian–Aptian
Platysuchus multiscrobiculatus 1.JPG
Platysuchus,(Teleosauridae, Teleosauroidea)
Geosaurus fossil.JPG
Cricosaurus (Metriorhynchidae, Metriorhynchoidea)
Scientific classification e
Missing taxonomy template (fix): Archosauria/Reptilia
Clade: Pseudosuchia
Clade: Crocodylomorpha
Clade: Crocodyliformes
Suborder: †Thalattosuchia
Fraas, 1901[1]
Superfamilies

Thalattosuchia is a clade of mostly marine crocodylomorphs from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous that had a cosmopolitan distribution.[3] They are colloquially referred to as marine crocodiles or sea crocodiles, though they are not members of Crocodilia and records from Thailand and China suggest that some members lived in freshwater.[4] The clade contains two major subgroupings, the Teleosauroidea and Metriorhynchoidea. Teleosauroids are not greatly specialised for oceanic life, with back osteoderms similar to other crocodyliformes. Within Metriorhynchoidea, the Metriorhynchidae displayed extreme adaptions for life in the open ocean, including the transformation of limbs into flippers, the development of a tail fluke, and smooth, scaleless skin,[5] and probably gave live birth, seemingly uniquely among archosaurs.[6]

Taxonomy

Life restoration of Metriorhynchus brevirostris (Metriorhynchidae, Metriorhynchoidea)
Life restoration of Machimosaurus (Machimosauridae, Teleosauroidea)

The term Thalattosuchia was coined by Fraas in 1901.[1] Various authors considered Thalattosuchia an infraorder or a suborder within "Mesosuchia". However, the term "Mesosuchia" is a paraphyletic group, and as such is no longer used. For consistency, the Thalattosuchia are here placed at suborder rank, although the order that contains it is unnamed. The exact phylogenetic position of Thalattosuchia is uncertain, with them either being interpreted as members of Neosuchia alongside other aquatic crocodylomorphs, or more basal members of Crocodylomorpha, with the similarities to neosuchians being as a result of convergent evolution.[7] The group consists of two major subgroupings, Teleosauroidea (containing the families Machimosauridae and Teleosauridae), and Metriorhynchoidea (containing Metriorhynchidae and some more basal taxa).[8][9]

Evolutionary history

Indeterminate remains possibly belonging to thalattosuchians have been reported from the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) of Chile and France. However, they cannot be assigned to the group with confidence as they lack diagnostic characters.[9] In 2023 a basal teleosauroid was reported from the earliest Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) of Morocco, representing one of the oldest known thalattosuchians.[10] Turnersuchus from the Pliensbachian of England appears to be basal to both Teleosauroidea and Metriorhynchoidea.[9] While abundant during the Jurassic, their fossil record during the Early Cretaceous is scarce, and generally confined to low latitudes. The latest records of the group date to the Aptian.[11][12] Some members of Teleosauridae have been discovered in non-marine deposits.[4]

Timeline of Thalattosuchia Species

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color:ANK bar:NAM1  from:-191    till:-190 text:Turnersuchus hingleyae
color:ANK bar:NAM2  from:-184    till:-183 text:Plagiophthalmosuchus gracilirostris
color:ANK bar:NAM3  from:-183    till:-180 text:Macrospondylus bollensis
color:ANK bar:NAM4  from:-183    till:-176 text:Mystriosaurus laurillardi
color:ANK bar:NAM5  from:-183    till:-176 text:Pelagosaurus typus
color:ANK bar:NAM6  from:-183    till:-176 text:Platysuchus multiscrobiculatus
color:ANK bar:NAM7  from:-180    till:-179 text:Magyarosuchus fitosi
color:ANK bar:NAM8  from:-180    till:-176 text:Zoneait nargorum
color:ANK bar:NAM9  from:-175    till:-171 text:Opisuchus meieri
color:ANK bar:NAM10  from:-171    till:-164 text:Teleosaurus cadomensis
color:ANK bar:NAM11  from:-168    till:-167 text:Teleidosaurus calvadosii
color:ANK bar:NAM12  from:-168    till:-167 text:Eoneustes bathonicus
color:ANK bar:NAM13  from:-168    till:-167 text:Eoneustes gaudryi
color:ANK bar:NAM14  from:-168    till:-166 text:Clovesuurdameredeor stephani
color:ANK bar:NAM15  from:-168    till:-165 text:Andrianavoay baroni
color:ANK bar:NAM16  from:-168    till:-165 text:Deslongchampsina larteti
color:ANK bar:NAM17  from:-168    till:-165 text:Proexochokefalos cf. bouchardi
color:ANK bar:NAM18  from:-168    till:-165 text:Seldsienean megistorhynchus
color:ANK bar:NAM19  from:-168    till:-165 text:Yvridiosuchus boutilieri
color:ANK bar:NAM20  from:-167    till:-162 text:Mycterosuchus nasutus
color:ANK bar:NAM21  from:-167    till:-165 text:Neptunidraco ammoniticus
color:ANK bar:NAM22  from:-167    till:-160 text:Suchodus durobrivensis
color:ANK bar:NAM23  from:-166    till:-162 text:Gracilineustes leedsi
color:ANK bar:NAM24  from:-166    till:-160 text:Thalattosuchus superciliosus
color:ANK bar:NAM25  from:-165    till:-162 text:Lemmysuchus obtusidens
color:ANK bar:NAM26  from:-165    till:-161 text:Ieldraan melkshanensis
color:ANK bar:NAM27  from:-165    till:-161 text:Tyrannoneustes lythrodectikos
color:ANK bar:NAM28  from:-165    till:-158 text:Neosteneosaurus edwardsi
color:ANK bar:NAM29  from:-165    till:-152 text:Proexochokefalos heberti
color:ANK bar:NAM30  from:-164    till:-163 text:Charitomenosuchus leedsi
color:ANK bar:NAM31  from:-164    till:-163 text:Maledictosuchus riclaensis
color:ANK bar:NAM32  from:-163    till:-160 text:Steneosaurus rostromajor
color:ANK bar:NAM33  from:-160    till:-157 text:Aggiosaurus nicaeensis
color:ANK bar:NAM34  from:-158    till:-153 text:Machimosaurus nowackianus
color:ANK bar:NAM35  from:-157    till:-152 text:Torvoneustes carpenteri
color:ANK bar:NAM36  from:-157    till:-150 text:Sericodon jugleri
color:ANK bar:NAM37  from:-155    till:-153 text:Machimosaurus buffetauti
color:ANK bar:NAM38  from:-155    till:-150 text:Bathysuchus megarhinus
color:ANK bar:NAM39  from:-155    till:-150 text:Gracilineustes acutus
color:ANK bar:NAM40  from:-155    till:-150 text:Machimosaurus hugii
color:ANK bar:NAM41  from:-155    till:-150 text:Maledictosuchus nuyivijanan
color:ANK bar:NAM42  from:-155    till:-150 text:Metriorhynchus brevirostris
color:ANK bar:NAM43  from:-154    till:-149 text:Plesiosuchus manselii
color:ANK bar:NAM44  from:-152    till:-150 text:Cricosaurus albersdoerferi
color:ANK bar:NAM45  from:-152    till:-150 text:Machimosaurus mosae
color:ANK bar:NAM46  from:-152    till:-147 text:Dakosaurus maximus
color:ANK bar:NAM47  from:-151    till:-150 text:Cricosaurus suevicus
color:ANK bar:NAM48  from:-151    till:-150 text:Rhacheosaurus gracilis
color:ANK bar:NAM49  from:-150    till:-147 text:Geosaurus giganteus
color:ANK bar:NAM50  from:-150    till:-147 text:Geosaurus grandis
color:ANK bar:NAM51  from:-149    till:-147 text:Cricosaurus rauhuti
color:ANK bar:NAM52  from:-149    till:-145 text:Aeolodon priscus
color:ANK bar:NAM53  from:-149    till:-145 text:Cricosaurus araucanensis
color:ANK bar:NAM54  from:-149    till:-145 text:Cricosaurus vignaudi
color:ANK bar:NAM55  from:-149    till:-145 text:Indosinosuchus kalasinensis
color:ANK bar:NAM56  from:-149    till:-145 text:Indosinosuchus potamosiamensis
color:ANK bar:NAM57  from:-149    till:-145 text:Purranisaurus potens
color:ANK bar:NAM58  from:-147    till:-145 text:Cricosaurus bambergensis
color:ANK bar:NAM59  from:-147    till:-145 text:Cricosaurus elegans
color:ANK bar:NAM60  from:-147    till:-145 text:Cricosaurus lithographicus
color:ANK bar:NAM61  from:-147    till:-140 text:Dakosaurus andiniensis
color:ANK bar:NAM62  from:-144    till:-142 text:Cricosaurus puelchorum
color:ANK bar:NAM63  from:-140    till:-136 text:Enaliosuchus macrospondylus
color:ANK bar:NAM64  from:-140    till:-136 text:Neustosaurus gigondarum
color:ANK bar:NAM65  from:-139    till:-132 text:Cricosaurus schroederi
color:ANK bar:NAM66  from:-139    till:-135 text:Geosaurus lapparenti
color:ANK bar:NAM67  from:-131    till:-130 text:Machimosaurus rex

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See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fraas E. 1901. Die Meerkrokodile (Thalattosuchia n. g.) eine neue Sauriergruppe der Juraformation. Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde, Württemberg 57: 409-418.
  2. ↑ Young, Mark T.; Wilberg, Eric W.; Johnson, Michela M.; Herrera, Yanina; De Andrade, Marco Brandalise; Brignon, Arnaud; Sachs, Sven; Abel, Pascal et al. (2024). "The history, systematics, and nomenclature of Thalattosuchia (Archosauria: Crocodylomorpha)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad165. 
  3. ↑ Alfio A. Chiarenza; Davide Foffa; Mark T. Young; Gianni Insacco; Andrea Cau; Giorgio Carnevale; Rita Catanzariti (2015). "The youngest record of metriorhynchid crocodylomorphs, with implications for the extinction of Thalattosuchia". Cretaceous Research 56: 608–616. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.07.001. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Martin, Jeremy E.; Suteethorn, S.; Lauprasert, K. (February 2019). "A new freshwater teleosaurid from the Jurassic of northeastern Thailand" (in en). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 64 (2): 239–260. doi:10.1080/02724634.2018.1549059. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02302476/file/2019Martinetal-Phu%20Noi.pdf. 
  5. ↑ Spindler, Frederik; Lauer, René; Tischlinger, Helmut; Mäuser, Matthias (2021-07-05). "The integument of pelagic crocodylomorphs (Thalattosuchia: Metriorhynchidae)" (in English). Palaeontologia Electronica 24 (2): 1–41. doi:10.26879/1099. ISSN 1094-8074. https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2021/3399-metriorhynchid-skin. 
  6. ↑ Herrera, Y.; Fernandez, M.S.; Lamas, S.G.; Campos, L.; Talevi, M.; Gasparini, Z. (2017). "Morphology of the sacral region and reproductive strategies of Metriorhynchidae: a counter-inductive approach". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 106 (4): 247–255. doi:10.1017/S1755691016000165. 
  7. ↑ Wilberg, Eric W. (2015-07-01). "What's in an Outgroup? The Impact of Outgroup Choice on the Phylogenetic Position of Thalattosuchia (Crocodylomorpha) and the Origin of Crocodyliformes" (in en). Systematic Biology 64 (4): 621–637. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syv020. ISSN 1076-836X. PMID 25840332. https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/64/4/621/1650207. 
  8. ↑ Johnson, Michela M.; Young, Mark T.; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2020-10-08). "The phylogenetics of Teleosauroidea (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) and implications for their ecology and evolution" (in en). PeerJ 8: e9808. doi:10.7717/peerj.9808. ISSN 2167-8359. PMID 33083104. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Wilberg, E. W.; Godoy, P. L.; Griffiths, E. F.; Turner, A. H.; Benson, R. B. J. (2023). "A new early diverging thalattosuchian (Crocodylomorpha) from the Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian) of Dorset, U.K. and implications for the origin and evolution of the group". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 42 (3): e2161909. doi:10.1080/02724634.2022.2161909. https://zenodo.org/record/7594138. 
  10. ↑ Benani, Hicham; Nehili, Ayoub; Ouzzaouit, Lalla Amina; Jouve, Stéphane; Boudad, Larbi; Masrour, Moussa; Jalil, Noureddine; Arrad, Taha Younes (February 2023). "Discovery of the teleosauroid crocodylomorph from the early Jurassic of Chaara cave, Middle Atlas of Morocco" (in en). Journal of African Earth Sciences 198: 104804. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2022.104804. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1464343X22003569. 
  11. ↑ Young, Mark T.; Sachs, Sven (2021-09-02). "Evidence of thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs in the Portland Stone Formation (Late Jurassic) of England, and a discussion on Cretaceous teleosauroids" (in en). Historical Biology 33 (9): 1473–1476. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1709453. ISSN 0891-2963. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2019.1709453. 
  12. ↑ Chiarenza, Alfio A.; Foffa, Davide; Young, Mark T.; Insacco, Gianni; Cau, Andrea; Carnevale, Giorgio; Catanzariti, Rita (September 2015). "The youngest record of metriorhynchid crocodylomorphs, with implications for the extinction of Thalattosuchia" (in en). Cretaceous Research 56: 608–616. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.07.001. 

Further reading

  • Fraas, E. (1902). "Die Meer-Krocodilier (Thalattosuchia) des oberen Jura unter specieller Berücksichtigung von Dacosaurus und Geosaurus". Paleontographica 49: 1-72.

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q2300406 entry



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