Biology:Phototropin
Phototropins are photoreceptor proteins (more specifically, flavoproteins) that mediate phototropism responses in various species of algae,[1] fungi and higher plants. Phototropins can be found throughout the leaves of a plant. Along with cryptochromes and phytochromes they allow plants to respond and alter their growth in response to the light environment. Phototropins may also be important for the opening of stomata[2] and the movement of chloroplasts. These blue light receptors are seen across the entire green plant lineage. When Phototropins are hit with blue light, they induce a signal transduction pathway that alters the plant cells' functions in different ways.
Phototropins are part of the phototropic sensory system in plants that causes various environmental responses in plants. Phototropins specifically will cause stems to bend towards light[3] and stomata to open.[4] Phototropins have been shown to impact the movement of chloroplast inside the cell.[5][6] In addition phototropins mediate the first changes in stem elongation in blue light prior to cryptochrome activation.[7] Phototropin is also required for blue light mediated transcript destabilization of specific mRNAs in the cell.[8] They are present in the guard cell.
References
- ↑ Veetil, S.K; Mittal, C; Ranjan, P; Kateriya, S (July 2011). "A conserved isoleucine in the LOV1 domain of a novel phototropin from the marine alga Ostreococcus tauri modulates the dark state recovery of the domain". Biochim Biophys Acta 1810 (7): 675–82. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.04.008. PMID 21554927. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304416511000857.
- ↑ Smith, Garland (2010). Fundamentals of Biomolecular Botany (2 ed.). Fisher Press. p. 340.
- ↑ Price (2009). Molecular Basis of Botanical Biology. Phoenix Publishing. p. 213.
- ↑ Price (2009). Molecular Basis of Botanical Biology. Phoenix Publishing. p. 213.
- ↑ "Chloroplast movement". Annu Rev Plant Biol 54: 455–68. 2003. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.135023. PMID 14502999.
- ↑ "A plant-specific protein essential for blue-light-induced chloroplast movements". Plant Physiol. 139 (1): 101–14. September 2005. doi:10.1104/pp.105.061887. PMID 16113226.
- ↑ Folta, Kevin (2001). "Unexpected Roles for Cryptochrome 2 and Phototropin Revealed by High-resolution Analysis of Blue Light-mediated Hypocotyl Growth Inhibition.". The Plant Journal 26 (5): 471–78. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01038.x. PMID 11439133.
- ↑ Brighton (2006). "Role of phototropin in the differential expression of blue light mediated mRNAs". International Journal of Molecular Botany 72 (54): 672–691.
Other sources
- "Photoreceptors in plant photomorphogenesis to date. Five phytochromes, two cryptochromes, one phototropin, and one superchrome". Plant Physiol. 125 (1): 85–8. January 2001. doi:10.1104/pp.125.1.85. PMID 11154303.
- "Mechanism of signal transduction of the LOV2-Jα photosensor from Avena sativa". Nat Commun 1 (8): 122. 2010. doi:10.1038/ncomms1121. PMID 21081920. Bibcode: 2010NatCo...1..122P.
- "Phototropin Blue-Light Receptors". Annual Review of Plant Biology 58: 21–45. 2007. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.103951. PMID 17067285.
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