Biology:Picus (bird)

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Short description: Genus of birds

Picus
Grünspecht Picus viridis.jpg
A female European green woodpecker (Picus viridis)
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Piciformes
Family: Picidae
Tribe: Picini
Genus: Picus
Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Picus viridis
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

see list

Synonyms

Gecinus[1]

Picus is a genus of birds in the woodpecker family. It has representatives in Europe, Asia and North Africa. The genus name is Latin for "woodpecker". The genus Picus was erected by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae.

These are large woodpeckers, typically with green upperparts. They are found in forests or more open woodland, and lay their white eggs in a tree hole nest, typically on a bed of wood chips. Picus woodpeckers are primarily insect eaters, with several species specialising in taking ants or termites. Some species will also consume fruit or eggs. Insects are captured by a rapid outward flick of the long tongue and gummed to its tip by sticky saliva. This genus is less completely arboreal than some other woodpecker groups, and its members often feed on the ground, attacking anthills or termitaries.

Taxonomy

The genus Picus was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae.[2] The genus name is the Latin word for a woodpecker. Picus was a figure in Roman mythology, the first king of Latium who was changed into a woodpecker by the sorceress Circe.[3] Of the 13 species in the genus listed by Linnaeus, the English naturalist William John Swainson designated the European green woodpecker (Picus viridis) as the type species.[4]

The genus contains 14 species:[5]

Image Common Name Scientific name Distribution
Lesser Yellownape Female (46120107162).jpg Lesser yellownape Picus chlorolophus India, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka eastwards to Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam.
Crimson-winged Woodpecker - Thailand H8O6941 (16222876028).jpg Crimson-winged woodpecker Picus puniceus Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand.
Picus viridanus 129255181.jpg Streak-breasted woodpecker Picus viridanus southeastern Bangladesh to central Malay Peninsula.
Laced Woodpecker 2.jpg Laced woodpecker Picus vittatus Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
Streak Throated Woodpecker (7554092814).jpg Streak-throated woodpecker Picus xanthopygaeus Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia
Scaly-bellied Woodpecker.jpg Scaly-bellied woodpecker Picus squamatus Afghanistan, Iran, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Turkmenistan.
Aogera 06g4834as.jpg Japanese green woodpecker Picus awokera Japan.
Picus viridis juv(ThKraft).jpg European green woodpecker Picus viridis Europe south from southern Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Asia Minor, northern Iran and south-west Turkmenistan.
Picus viridis sharpei 033.jpg Iberian green woodpecker Picus sharpei Europe
Levaillant's Green Woodpecker (Picus vaillantii).jpg Levaillant's woodpecker Picus vaillantii Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia in northwest Africa
Red-collared woodpecker Picus rabieri Cambodia, China, Laos, and Vietnam.
Black-headed Woodpecker - Thailand S4E5487 (16222850188).jpg Black-headed woodpecker Picus erythropygius Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Grey-headed Woodpecker (45084267975).jpg Grey-headed woodpecker Picus canus Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, as well as a wide belt south of the boreal coniferous forests across Asia all the way to the Pacific coast, Sakhalin and Hokkaidō
Sumatran woodpecker Picus dedemi Indonesia

Former species

The following were formerly included in Picus, but are now placed in Chrysophlegma.

An extinct woodpecker has been described from a fossil of a left tarsometatarsus dating from late Miocene. It may belong to this genus and has been given the binomial name Picus peregrinabundus.[6]

References

  1. For instance: John Gould – The Birds of Great Britain (vol. 3 (1873), Plate 74) for the European green woodpecker: Gecinus viridis. See also: Iberian green woodpecker, originally named Gecinus sharpei.
  2. Linnaeus, Carl (1758) (in Latin). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 112. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727017. 
  3. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. https://archive.org/details/helmdictionarysc00jobl_997. 
  4. Swainson, William John (1820). Zoological illustrations, or, Original figures and descriptions of new, rare, or interesting animals. 1. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy; and W. Wood. Plate 4 text. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29156464. 
  5. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds (August 2022). "Woodpeckers". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/woodpeckers/. 
  6. Kessler, Jenő (Eugen) (2016). "Picidae in the European fossil, subfossil and recent bird faunas and their osteological characteristics". Ornis Hungarica 24 (1): 96–114. doi:10.1515/orhu-2016-0006. https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/orhu/24/1/article-p96.xml. 

Wikidata ☰ Q310935 entry