Biology:Prunus simonii

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Short description: Species of tree

Prunus simonii
Prunus simonii.png
Simon plum fruit and leaves
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Prunus
Subgenus: Prunus subg. Prunus
Section: Prunus sect. Prunus
Species:
P. simonii
Binomial name
Prunus simonii
Carrière

Prunus simonii, called apricot plum and Simon plum, is a tree in the genus Prunus. It was first described by Elie-Abel Carrière in 1872 and is native to Hebei province, China.[1] The species is not known in a truly wild state.[2] It has been important for breeding commercial plum cultivars from crosses with other species of the genus Prunus.[3][4] The species is named for Gabriel Eugène Simon (1829–1896), a French botanist and diplomat who sent pits to the Paris Museum in the early 1860s while he was representing the French government in China.[5][6][7][8] Beginning about 1881, the species became commonly known in the United States; having been introduced there from France.[5]

Description

Prunus simonii is a small deciduous tree growing to about 6 meters (20 ft) in height.[2] The flowers produce almost no pollen; the fruit varies in quality, can be bitter or pleasant to eat, and is flat in shape.[2][9] Just like an apricot, the fruit flesh clings tightly to the pit. The taste is often bitter. Fruit production is not particularly bountiful. The fruit is dark red[5] or "brick red".[10] The branches are slender and the leaves oblong.[11] In appearance, the fruit is flatter than most plums, looking "tomato-like".[3] The fruit is particularly aromatic, much more so than Prunus salicina, with a comparatively high level of hexyl acetate, which gives apples their aroma.[12][13]

Uses

Plant breeder Luther Burbank devoted a lot of work to hybridizing this species with the Japanese plum (Prunus salicina) and developed a number of cultivars from the hybrid.[14] Of these, the cultivar 'Climax' was particularly notable for its importance to the fruit shipping industry of California.[9] Other influential plum cultivars that Burbank developed with P. simonii ancestry include 'Maynard', 'Chalco', 'Santa Rosa', and 'Formosa'.[15] Those two species and the European species Prunus cerasifera have contributed the majority of the genetic constitution of modern Japanese-type plum cultivars, with lesser contributions from three native American species P. americana, P. angustifolia, and P. munsoniana.[16]

References

  1. ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Prunus simonii | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = February 1, 2014 }}
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Plants for a Future". http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Prunus+simonii. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Burbank, Luther (2004). New Plums and Prunes in the Process of Making. Barcelona: Athena University Press. p. 27. 
  4. ↑ Frecon, Jerome L.; Ward, Daniel L. (2012). "Fruit Notes". Fruit Notes 77: 12–19. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Bailey, Liberty Hyde (1893). Four Types of New Fruits. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. pp. 34–37. 
  6. ↑ Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press, p. 353.
  7. ↑ Bretschneider, E. (1898). History of European Botanical Discoveries in China. London: Sampson Low, vol. 2, pp. 827-833.
  8. ↑ Baltet, Charles (1895). L'horticulture dans les cinq parties du monde. Paris: Société nationale d'horticulture, p. 406.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Jordan, David Starr (1905). "Some Experiments of Luther Burbank". The Popular Science Monthly 66: 201–225. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Popular_Science_Monthly_Volume_66.djvu/226. 
  10. ↑ Hedrick, U.P. (1910). The Plums of New York. p. 55. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98099#page/83/mode/1up. 
  11. ↑ Waugh, Frank (2009). Systematic Pomology. Bedford, MA: Applewood Books. p. 186. ISBN 978-1-4-290-1350-5. 
  12. ↑ Gomez, Encarna; Ledbetter, Craig (1994). "Comparative Study of the Aromatic Profiles of Two Different Plum Species: Prunus salicina lindl and Prunus simonii L". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 65 (1): 111–115. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740650116. https://zenodo.org/record/1229263. 
  13. ↑ "Prunus simonii | apricot plum /RHS Gardening". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/160695/Prunus-simonii/Details. 
  14. ↑ Jones, D. F. (1928). "Burbank's Results with Plums". Journal of Heredity 19 (8): 359–372. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a103021. 
  15. ↑ Burbank, Luther (1921). How Plants Are Trained to Work for Man. V. New York: P. F. Collier and Son Co.. p. 223. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85010#page/235/mode/1up. 
  16. ↑ Boonprakob, Unaroj; Byrne, David H.; Graham, Charles J.; Okie, W.R.; Beckman, Thomas; Smith, Brian R. (2001). "Genetic Relationships among Cultivated Diploid Plums and Their Progenitors as Determined by RAPD Markers". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126 (4): 451–461. doi:10.21273/JASHS.126.4.451. http://journal.ashspublications.org/content/126/4/451.full.pdf. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q3017242 entry



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